NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Advanced Mobile Phone System

Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) is the analog mobile phone system standard developed by Bell Labs, and officially introduced in the Americas in 1983^[1]^[2] It was the primary analog mobile phone system in North America (and other locales) through the 1980s and into the 2000s, and is still widely available today, although use has dropped considerably with the introduction of various digital standards. 0G refers to pre-cellular mobile telephony technology. ... Push-to-Talk (PTT), also known as Press-to-Transmit, is a method of conversing on half-duplex communication lines, including two-way radio, using a momentary button to switch from voice reception mode to transmit mode. ... The Mobile Telephone System (MTS) was one of the earliest mobile telephone standards. ... The Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS) is a pre-cellular VHF/UHF radio system that links to the PSTN. IMTS was the radiotelephone equivalent of land dial phone service. ... The Advanced Mobile Telephone System was a 0G method of radio communication, mainly used in Japanese portable radio systems. ... OLT (Norwegian for Offentlig Landmobil Telefoni, Public Land Mobile Telephony), was the first land mobile telephone network in Norway. ... MTD (Swedish abbreviation for Mobilelefonisystem D, or Mobile telephony system D) was a manual mobile phone system for the 450 MHz frequency band. ... Autotel (also called PALM, or Public Automated Land Mobile) is a radiotelephone service which was the missing link between earlier MTS/IMTS and later cellular telephone services. ... ARP (Autoradiopuhelin, Car Radio Phone in English) was the first commercially operated public mobile phone network in Finland. ... 1G (or 1-G) is short for first-generation wireless telephone technology, cellphones. ... For other meanings of the abbreviation, see: NMT. NMT (Nordisk MobilTelefoni or Nordiska MobilTelefoni-gruppen, Nordic Mobile Telephone in English) is a mobile phone system that was specified by the Nordic telecommunications administrations (PTTs) starting in 1970, and opened for service in 1981 as a response to the increasing congestion... hicap is a mobile techonology which has a consumer interface with a wide variety of industry references. ... Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) uses unused bandwidth normally used by AMPS mobile phones between 800 and 900 MHz to transfer data. ... Cingular Interactive Truck at Ground Zero on 9/11/2001 Mobitex Network Design Mobitex is an OSI based open standard, national public access wireless data network first introduced in 1991 by carriers RAM Mobile Data and in Canada 1990 by Rogers Cantel. ... DataTac is a wireless data network technology originally developed by Motorola and deployed in the United States as the ARDIS network. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Global System for Mobile Communications, GSM (original acronym: Groupe SpÃ©cial Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ... Iden is also a village in East sussex, England iDEN Base Radio at a Cell Site Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN) is a mobile telecommunications technology, it is known to eat little children, developed by Motorola, which provides its users the benefits of a trunked radio and a cellular telephone. ... IS-54 and IS-136 are second-generation (2G) mobile phone systems, known as Digital AMPS (D-AMPS). ... Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), is the first CDMA-based digital cellular standard pioneered by Qualcomm. ... Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) is a 2G mobile phone standard developed and used exclusively in Japan. ... Circuit Switched Data, often known as CSD, is the original form of data transmission developed for the GSM mobile phone system. ... The Personal Handy-phone System (PHS), also marketed as the Personal Access System (PAS), is a mobile network system operating in the 1880-1930 MHz frequency band. ... General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a mobile data service available to users of GSM and IS-136 mobile phones. ... High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD), is a development of Circuit Switched Data, the original data transmission mechanism of the GSM mobile phone system. ... Wideband Integrated Dispatch Enhanced Network, or WiDEN, is a software upgrade developed by Motorola for its iDEN enhanced specialized mobile radio (or ESMR) wireless telephony protocol. ... CDMA2000 is a family of third-generation (3G) mobile telecommunications standards that use CDMA, a multiple access scheme for digital radio, to send voice, data, and signalling data (such as a dialed telephone number) between mobile phones and cell sites. ... Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) or Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), is a digital mobile phone technology that allows for increased data transmission rate and improved data transmission reliability. ... 3G is short for third-generation technology in the context of mobile phone standards. ... W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is a type of 3G cellular network. ... Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is one of the third-generation (3G) mobile phone technologies. ... FOMA, officially short for Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access, is the brand name for the 3G services being offered by Japanese mobile phone operator NTT DoCoMo. ... UMTS-TDD is a mobile data network standard built upon the UMTS 3G cellular mobile phone standard, using a TD-CDMA, TD-SCDMA, or other 3GPP-approved, air interface that uses Time Division Duplexing to duplex spectrum between the up-link and down-link. ... Evolution-Data Optimized, abbreviated as EV-DO or EVDO and often EV, is a wireless radio broadband data standard adopted by many CDMA mobile phone service providers in United States, Canada, Mexico, Europe, Asia, Russia, Brazil, and Australia. ... TD-SCDMA (Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) is a 3G mobile telecommunications standard, being pursued in the Peoples Republic of China by the Chinese Academy of Telecommunications Technology (CATT), Datang and Siemens AG, in an attempt to develop home-grown technology and not be dependent on Western... The Generic Access Network (GAN), was formerly known as Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) until it was adopted by the 3GPP in April 2005. ... High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is a collection of mobile telephony protocols that extend and improve the performance of existing UMTS protocols. ... High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) (Sometimes known as High-Speed Downlink Protocol Access) is a 3G mobile telephony protocol in the HSPA family, which provides a smooth evolutionary path for UMTS-based networks allowing for higher data transfer speeds. ... High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) is a 3G mobile telephony protocol in the HSPA family with up-link speeds up to 5. ... HSPA+ (or HSPA Evolution) is a 3G mobile telephony protocol defined in 3GPP release 7 (expected in 2007). ... High Speed OFDM Packet Access (HSOPA) is a proposed part of 3GPPs Long Term Evolution (LTE) upgrade path for UMTS systems. ... This article is about the mobile phone standard. ... Ultra Mobile Broadband is the brand name to describe the advanced technologies and services that will be supported by the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Revision C (Rev. ... 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the name given to a project within the Third Generation Partnership Programme to improve the UMTS mobile phone standard to cope with future requirements. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with IEEE 802. ... Cellular frequencies - the general term which unites radio frequencies utilized by cellular networks to provide service to their subscribers. ... The Specialized Mobile Radio system (SMR) is a conventional two-way radio system, or trunked radio system, operated by a service in the 800 or 900 Mhz bands. ... Cellular frequencies - the general term which unites radio frequencies utilized by cellular networks to provide service to their subscribers. ... Personal Communications Service or PCS is the name for the 1900-MHz radio band used for digital mobile phone services in Canada and the United States. ... An analog or analogue signal is an allergy continuous in both time and amplitude. ... Bell Laboratories (also known as Bell Labs and formerly known as AT&T Bell Laboratories and Bell Telephone Laboratories) was the main research and development arm of the United States Bell System. ... World map showing the Americas CIA political map of the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World consisting of the continents of North America[1] and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... An analog or analogue signal is an allergy continuous in both time and amplitude. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...

Total Access Communication System (TACS) and ETACS are mostly-obsolete variants of AMPS which were used in some European countries (including the UK). TACS was also used in Japan under the name Japanese Total Access Communication (JTAC).^[3]^[4] Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) is the analog mobile phone system standard developed by Bell Labs, and officially introduced in the Americas in 1983[1][2] It was the primary analog mobile phone system in North America (and other locales) through the 1980s and into the 2000s, and is still... This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ...

Technology

AMPS is a first-generation cellular technology that uses separate frequencies, or "channels", for each conversation (see FDMA). It therefore requires considerable bandwidth for a large number of users. In general terms, AMPS is very similar to the older "0G" IMTS service, but uses considerably more computing power in order to select frequencies, hand off conversations to POTS lines, and handle billing and call setup. Cellular redirects here. ... FDMA, or frequency-division multiple access, is the oldest and most important of the three main ways for multiple radio transmitters to share the radio spectrum. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS) is a pre-cellular VHF/UHF radio system that links to the PSTN. IMTS had originally only sixteen channels and were prone to network congestion and interference by others keying up their radios while a converstaion was already occurring on a channel. ... POTS may mean: Plain old telephone service (aka Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) or Post Office Telephone Service or Post Office Telephone System) Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome This article consisting of a 4-letter acronym or initialism is a disambiguation page â€” a list of pages that otherwise might share the...

What really separates AMPS from older systems is the "back end" call setup functionality. In AMPS, the cell centers can flexibly assign channels to handsets based on signal strength, allowing the same frequency to be re-used in various locations without interference. This allowed a larger number of phones to be supported over a geographical area. AMPS pioneers fathered the term "cellular" because of its use of small hexagonal "cells" within a system.^[5]^[6]

It suffered from some downfalls when compared to today's digital technologies. Since it is an analog standard, it is very susceptible to static and noise and has no protection from eavesdropping using a scanner. In the 1990's, "cloning" was an epidemic that cost the industry millions of dollars. An unscrupulous eavesdropper with specialized equipment can intercept a handset's NAM (Number Assignment Module). A Number Assignment Module is a packet of data which is sent by the handset to the cellular system for billing purposes. The system then allows or disallows calls and or features based on its customer file. If a NAM is intercepted, it could then be cloned onto a different phone and used in other areas for making calls without paying. The problem became so large that some carriers required the use of a PIN before making calls. Though cloning is still possible even with digital technologies, the cost of wireless service is so low that the problem has virtually disappeared. AMPS has been replaced by newer digital standards, such as Digital AMPS, GSM, and CDMA which brought improved security as well as increased capacity. Look up scanner in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... NAM stands for: National Association of Manufacturers Non-Aligned Movement Number Assignment Module Network Analysis Module National Assembly Member, a member of the National Assembly of The Gambia. ... A personal identification number (PIN) is a secret numeric password shared between a user and a system that can be used to authenticate the user to the system. ... IS-54 and IS-136 are second-generation (2G) mobile phone systems, known as Digital AMPS (D-AMPS). ... Not to be confused with Get Some Mates The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ... General Information Generically (as a multiplexing scheme), code division multiple access (CDMA) is any use of any form of spread spectrum by multiple transmitters to send to the same receiver on the same frequency channel at the same time without harmful interference. ...

AMPS was originally standardized by ANSI as EIA/TIA/IS-3. This was later superseded by EIA/TIA-553 and TIA interim standard IS-91.

Frequency bands

AMPS cellular service operates in the 800 MHz "Cellular" FM band. For each market area, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allowed two licensee (networks) known as "A" and "B" carriers. Each carrier within a market uses a specified "block" of frequencies consisting of 21 control channels and 395 voice channels. Originally, the B (wireline) side license was usually owned by the local phone company such as a "Baby Bell" (Ameritech), and the A (non-wireline) license was made available to private companies such as Cellular One. At the inception of cellular in 1983, the FCC had granted each carrier within a market 333 channels (666 channels total). By the late 1980's, the cellular industry's subscriber base had grown into the millions across America and it became necessary to add channels for additional capacity. In 1989, the FCC granted carriers an expansion from the current 666 channels to the now 832 (416 per carrier). The additional frequency was available in the upper 800 MHz band which also was home to UHF channels 70–83. This meant that these UHF channels could no longer be used for UHF TV transmission as these frequencies were to be used for AMPS transmission. A megahertz (MHz) is one million (106) hertz, a measure of frequency. ... The abbreviations FM, Fm, and fm may refer to: Electrical engineering Frequency modulation (FM) and its most common applications: FM broadcasting, used primarily to broadcast music and speech at VHF frequencies FM synthesis, a sound-generation technique popularized by early digital synthesizers Science Femtometre (fm), an SI measure of length... The FCCs official seal. ...

The anatomy of each channel is composed of 2 frequencies. 416 of these are in the 824–849 MHz range for transmissions from mobile stations to the base stations, paired with 416 frequencies in the 869–894 MHz range for transmissions from base stations to the mobile stations. Each cell site will use a subset of these channels, and must use a different set than neighboring cells to avoid interference. This significantly reduces the number of channels available at each site in real-world systems. Each AMPS frequency is 30kHz wide. FreQuency is a music video game developed by Harmonix and published by SCEI. It was released in November 2001. ...

Introduction of digital TDMA

Later, many AMPS networks were partially converted to D-AMPS, often referred to as TDMA (though TDMA is a generic term that applies to many cellular systems). D-AMPS is a digital, 2G standard used mainly by Cingular Wireless and U.S. Cellular in the United States, Rogers Wireless in Canada, and Movilnet in Venezuela. IS-54 and IS-136 are second-generation (2G) mobile phone systems, known as Digital AMPS (D-AMPS). ... A digital system is one that uses discrete values (often electrical voltages), especially those representable as binary numbers, or non-numeric symbols such as letters or icons, for input, processing, transmission, storage, or display, rather than a continuous spectrum of values (ie, as in an analog system). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... â€œAT&T Wirelessâ€ redirects here. ... U.S. Cellular (NYSE: USM) is a super-regional cellular telephone provider, serving 5. ... Rogers AT&T Wireless logo when Rogers wireless division was in partnership with AT&T Rogers Wireless, formerly known as Rogers AT&T Wireless, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Rogers Communications. ... CompaÃ±Ãa AnÃ³nima Nacional de TelÃ©fonos de Venezuela (CANTV), is one of the first telephone service enterprises in Venezuela. ...

Introduction of GSM and CDMA

AMPS and D-AMPS ("TDMA") are now being phased out in favor of either CDMA2000 or GSM which allow for higher capacity data transfers for services such as WAP, Multimedia Messaging System (MMS), and wireless Internet access. There are some phones capable of supporting AMPS, D-AMPS and GSM all in one phone (using the GAIT standard). CDMA2000 is a family of third-generation (3G) mobile telecommunications standards that use CDMA, a multiple access scheme for digital radio, to send voice, data, and signalling data (such as a dialed telephone number) between mobile phones and cell sites. ... Not to be confused with Get Some Mates The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Multimedia Messaging System (MMS) is a system of transmitting not only text messages, but also various kinds of multimedia contents (e. ... GAIT (an acronym for the GSM-ANSI Interoperability Team) is a wireless standard to allow cross-operation of mobile telephone technologies. ...

The Future of AMPS

In 2002, the FCC decided to no longer require A and B carriers to support AMPS service as of February 18, 2008. Since the AMPS standard is analog technology, it suffers from an inherently inefficient use of the frequency spectrum. All AMPS carriers have converted most of their consumer base to a digital standard such as CDMA2000 or GSM and continue to do so at a rapid pace. Digital technologies such as GSM and CDMA2000 support multiple voice calls on the same channel and offer enhanced features such as two-way text messaging and data services. The abbreviation FCC can refer to: Face-centered cubic (usually fcc), a crystallographic structure Federal Communications Commission, a US government organization Farm Credit Corporation/Farm Credit Canada, a Canadian government organization Families with Children from China, an adoption support organization Florida Christian College, a college in central Florida Fresno City... February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) will be a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Unlike in the United States, the CRTC and Industry Canada have not set any requirement for maintaining AMPS service in Canada. Rogers Wireless is in the process of dismantling their AMPS (along with IS-136) network, with full shutdown expected in May 2007. Bell Mobility and Telus Mobility, who also operate AMPS networks in Canada, have announced that they will observe the same timetable as outlined by the FCC in the United States, and as a result will not begin to dismantle their AMPS networks until after February 2008.[1] The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC, in French Conseil de la radiodiffusion et des télécommunications canadiennes) was established in 1968 by the Canadian Parliament to replace the Board of Broadcast Governors. ... The Department of Industry, also referred to as Industry Canada, is the department of the government of Canada with responsibility for regional economic development, investment, and innovation/research and development. ... Rogers AT&T Wireless logo when Rogers wireless division was in partnership with AT&T Rogers Wireless, formerly known as Rogers AT&T Wireless, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Rogers Communications. ... IS-54 and IS-136 are second-generation (2G) mobile phone systems, known as Digital AMPS (D-AMPS). ... Bell Mobility is the division of Bell Canada which sells wireless services in Canada. ... TELUS (TSX: T) (NYSE: TU) is a phone company in Canada. ...

OnStar relies heavily on North American AMPS service for its subscribers because, when the system was developed, AMPS offered the most comprehensive wireless coverage in the US. ADT recently asked the FCC to extend the AMPS deadline due to many of their alarm systems still using analog technology to communicate with the control centers.^[7] Cellular companies who own an A or B license (such as Verizon and Alltel) must still provide analog service until February 18, 2008. After that point, however, most cellular companies will be eager to shut down AMPS and use the remaining channels for digital services. OnStar is transitioning to digital service with the help of data transport technology developed by Airbiquity, but warns customers who cannot be upgraded to digital that their service will permanently expire on January 1, 2008.^[8] OnStar is a subscription-based communications, monitoring, and tracking service provided by General Motors. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) will be a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... OnStar is a subscription-based communications, monitoring, and tracking service provided by General Motors. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 2008 (MMVIII) will be a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

TACS, ETACS and JTAC variants

Total Access Communication System (or TACS) is a variant of AMPS developed by Motorola. It has been used in some European countries (including the UK), as well as Japan and Hong Kong.^[9] (In Japan, it is known as Japanese Total Access Communication, or JTAC.)^[3]^[4] ETACS was an extended version of TACS with more channels. Motorola (NYSE: MOT) is an American multinational communications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois, a Chicago suburb. ... This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ...

TACS and ETACS are now obsolete in Europe, having been replaced by the GSM system. In the United Kingdom, the last ETACS service operated by Vodafone was discontinued on 31 May 2001, after sixteen years of service. ETACS is however still in use in a handful of countries elsewhere in the world. NMT is another analog cellular standard that was widely used in Europe, mainly in the Nordic countries, which has now been fully replaced by GSM except for limited use in rural areas due to its superior range. Not to be confused with Get Some Mates The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ... Vodafone Group plc is a mobile network operator headquartered in Newbury, Berkshire, England. ... May 31 is the 151st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (152nd in leap years), with 214 days remaining. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other meanings of the abbreviation, see: NMT. NMT (Nordisk MobilTelefoni or Nordiska MobilTelefoni-gruppen, Nordic Mobile Telephone in English) is a mobile phone system that was specified by the Nordic telecommunications administrations (PTTs) starting in 1970, and opened for service in 1981 as a response to the increasing congestion...

Companies using AMPS

Telecom New Zealand NZX: TEL ASX: TEL NYSE: NZT is a Wellington-based telephone company run as a publicly-traded private company since 1990. ... General Information Generically (as a multiplexing scheme), code division multiple access (CDMA) is any use of any form of spread spectrum by multiple transmitters to send to the same receiver on the same frequency channel at the same time without harmful interference. ... IS-54 and IS-136 are second-generation (2G) mobile phone systems, known as Digital AMPS (D-AMPS). ... Not to be confused with Get Some Mates The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ... Verizon Wireless owns and operates the second-largest wireless telecommunications network in the United States and the largest wireless telecommunications in Puerto Rico along with Puerto Rico Telephone (PRT), based on total wireless customers. ... Bell Mobility is the division of Bell Canada which sells wireless services in Canada. ... TELUS (TSX: T) (NYSE: TU) is a phone company in Canada. ... Rogers AT&T Wireless logo when Rogers wireless division was in partnership with AT&T Rogers Wireless, formerly known as Rogers AT&T Wireless, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Rogers Communications. ... Alltel (NYSE: AT) is an American telecommunications company with headquarters in the Riverdale neighborhood of Little Rock, Arkansas. ... An editor has expressed a concern that the subject of the article does not satisfy the notability guideline or one of the following guidelines for inclusion on Wikipedia: Biographies, Books, Companies, Fiction, Music, Neologisms, Numbers, Web content, or several proposals for new guidelines. ... TelefÃ³nica CTC Chile building in Santiago, Chile TelefÃ³nica S.A. (NYSE: TEF, TYO: 9481 ) is a Spanish telecommunications company. ... Cingular Wireless is the largest United States mobile phone company, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. ... Verizon Wireless owns and operates the second-largest wireless telecommunications network in the United States and the largest wireless telecommunications in Puerto Rico along with Puerto Rico Telephone (PRT), based on total wireless customers. ... Look up sprint in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Alltel (NYSE: AT) is an American telecommunications company with headquarters in the Riverdale neighborhood of Little Rock, Arkansas. ...

References

Category: Mobile telephony standards For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... January 19 is the 19th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... January 19 is the 19th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... January 19 is the 19th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 19 is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... January 28 is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Contents

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