Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885) by Mark Twain is commonly accounted as one of the first Great American Novels. It was also one of the first major American novels ever written using Local Color Realism or the vernacular, or common speech, being told in the first person by the eponymous Huckleberry "Huck" Finn, best friend of Tom Sawyer (hero of three other Mark Twain books). The book was first published in 1885. Image File history File links Huckleberry Finn and Jim, on their raft, from the 1884 edition. ... Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 — April 21, 1910),[1] better known by the pen name Mark Twain, was an American humorist, satirist, writer, and lecturer. ... Edward Winsor Kemble (January 18, 1861–September 19, 1933) was an American cartoonist and illustrator. ... In political geography and international politics a country is a geographical entity, a territory, most commonly associated with the notions of state or nation. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The adventure novel is a literary genre of novels that has adventure, an exciting undertaking involving risk and physical danger, as its main theme. ... Look up humour in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A publisher is a person or entity which engages in the act of publishing. ... See also: 1884 in literature, other events of 1885, 1886 in literature, list of years in literature. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... ISBN-13 represented as EAN-13 bar code (in this case ISBN 978-3-16-148410-0) The International Standard Book Number, ISBN, is a unique[1] commercial book identifier barcode. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Tom Sawyer. ... Tom Sawyer Abroad is a novel by Mark Twain published in 1894. ... mark twain This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... See also: 1884 in literature, other events of 1885, 1886 in literature, list of years in literature. ... Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 — April 21, 1910),[1] better known by the pen name Mark Twain, was an American humorist, satirist, writer, and lecturer. ... The Great American Novel is the concept of a novel that perfectly represents the spirit of life in the United States at the time of its publication. ... An eponym is the name of a person, whether real or fictitious, who has (or is thought to have) given rise to the name of a particular place, tribe, discovery, or other item. ... Mark Twains series of books featuring the fictional character Tom Sawyer include: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885) Tom Sawyer Abroad (1894) Tom Sawyer, Detective (1896) Tom Sawyer also appears in at least three unfinished Twain works, Huck and Tom Among the Indians, Schoolhouse... Tom Sawyer (born 1833?) is the title character of the Mark Twain novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876). ...

The book is noted for its innocent young protagonist, its colorful description of people and places along the Mississippi River, and its sober and often scathing look at entrenched attitudes, particularly racism, of the time. The drifting journey of Huck and his friend Jim, a runaway slave, down the Mississippi River on their raft may be one of the most enduring images of escape and freedom in all of American literature. For the river in Canada, see Mississippi River (Ontario). ... Because racism carries connotations of race-based bigotry, prejudice, violence, oppression, stereotyping or discrimination, the term has varying and often hotly contested definitions. ... Slave redirects here. ... Escape started as a 2004 short film made by Gabriel Bergmoser, Daniel Smetack, and David Padbury. ... Mohandas K. Gandhi - Freedom can be achieved through inner sovereignty. ... American literature refers to written or literary work produced in the area of the United States and Colonial America. ...

Although the book has been popular with young readers since its publication, and taken as a sequel to the comparatively innocuous The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (which had no particular social message), it has also been the continued object of study by serious literary critics. Although the Southern society it satirized was already a quarter-century in the past by the time of publication, the book immediately became controversial, and has remained so to this day (see "Controversy" below). It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Tom Sawyer. ... Historic Southern United States. ... 1867 edition of the satirical magazine Punch, a British satirical magazine, ground-breaking on popular literature satire. ...

Plot introduction

Based in the mid 1800s before the Civil War, the novel chronicles the journey of and relationship between Huckleberry Finn and a runaway southern slave, Jim, as they flee south on the Mississippi River. The pair have a journey that bring them together and that shows Mark Twain's dislike for slavery in the southern culture. Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... For the river in Canada, see Mississippi River (Ontario). ...

Explanation of the novel's title

Twain initially conceived of the work as a companion to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer that would follow Huck Finn through adulthood. Beginning with a chapter he had deleted from the earlier novel, Twain began work on a manuscript he originally titled Huckleberry Finn's Autobiography. Twain worked on the manuscript off and on for the next several years, ultimately abandoning his original plan of following Huck's development into adulthood. He appeared to have lost interest in the manuscript while it was in progress, and set it aside for several years. After making a trip down the Mississippi, Twain returned to his work on the novel. Upon completion, the novel's title closely paralleled its predecessor's: "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Tom Sawyer's Comrade)" ^[1] It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Tom Sawyer. ...

Unlike The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn does not have the definite article "the" as a part of its proper title. Writer Philip Young has hypothesized that this absence represents the fundamentally uncompleted nature of Huck's adventures -- while Tom's adventures were completed (at least at the time) at the end of his novel, Huck's narrative ends with his stated intention to head West.^[2]

Plot summary

Persons attempting to find a motive in this narrative will be prosecuted; persons attempting to find a moral in it will be banished; persons attempting to find a plot in it will be shot.

– Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, "Notice", p. 1 Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 — April 21, 1910),[1] better known by the pen name Mark Twain, was an American humorist, satirist, writer, and lecturer. ...

Life in St. Petersburg

The novel begins in St. Petersburg (a fictional equivalent of Hannibal, Missouri) shortly after the events recounted in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Tom and Huckleberry have each come into a considerable sum of money as a result of their previous adventures, and Huck has been placed under the guardianship of the Widow Douglas, who, together with her sister, Miss Watson, is attempting to "sivilize" [sic] him. Huck appreciates their efforts, but finds civilized life confining. Hannibal is a riverfront city of 17,757 (2000 census), located in Marion and Ralls County, Missouri. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Tom Sawyer. ...

Huck's life is changed by the appearance of his shiftless father, Pap Finn. Although Huck is successful in preventing his father from acquiring his fortune, his father gains custody of Huck (by kidnapping him) and the two move to the back woods. Equally unsatisfied with uncivilized life, Huck escapes from his father's cabin, fakes his own death, and sets off down the Mississippi River. For the river in Canada, see Mississippi River (Ontario). ...

The journey begins

While in hiding, on an island, Huck meets Jim, Miss Watson's slave. Partly overhearing an argument between Widow Douglas and Miss Watson about whether to sell him or not (Miss Watson wanted to, but Widow Douglas didn't), Jim has run away rather than risk being further separated from his family. Huck visits a nearby town disguised as a girl and learns that the townspeople believe him dead and are hunting for his father and Jim, both of whom are suspects in his death. In order to prevent Jim's recapture and sale, Huck and Jim decide to flee downriver on a raft to Cairo, Illinois, where they will be able to take a steamboat north into the free states. Cairo is a city in Alexander County, Illinois in the United States. ...

During their journey South, Huck and Jim are briefly separated in a fog. After Huck paddles his canoe back to the raft, he plays a trick on Jim, convincing Jim that Huck had never left the raft and that Jim only dreamed their separation. Jim's disappointment upon learning of the trick, and Huck's resulting shame, represents a turning point in their relationship, as Huck begins to think of Jim as a person and friend, rather than as a slave. Thereafter, Huck periodically reflects on the conflict between his "conscience," which tells him that by assisting a slave in escaping, he is stealing Miss Watson's property, and his "heart," which tells him that Jim deserves to be free. In each case, Huck's loyalty to Jim wins out.

Unfortunately, Huck and Jim overshoot Cairo, which places their raft firmly in slave country and heading further south. At that point, they have a series of adventures that satirize the Southern culture of the time and further underscore the distinction between the idyllic family structure of Jim and Huck on the raft compared to the various families they encounter on shore.

The Grangerfords and the Shepherdsons

Shortly after missing Cairo, Illinois Huck and Jim's raft is swamped by a passing steamship, separating the two. Huck is given shelter by the Grangerfords, a prosperous local family. He becomes friends with Buck Grangerford, a boy about his age, and learns that the Grangerfords are engaged in a long-running 30-year vendetta against another family, the Shepherdsons. A feud is a long-running argument or fight between parties—often groups of people, especially families or clans. ...

The vendetta finally comes to a head when Buck's sister, Sophia Grangerford, elopes with Harney Shepherdson. In the resulting conflict, all of the remaining Grangerford men are killed, and Huck narrowly escapes, reuniting with Jim and the raft and fleeing further south on the Mississippi River. As they are fleeing south, they run into two characters.

The Duke and the Dauphin

Further down the river, Jim and Huck rescue two grifters, both of whom join the two fugitives on the raft. The younger of the two, a man of about thirty, introduces himself as a son of an English Duke and is thereafter known as "the Duke." The older con man, about seventy, then trumps the Duke's claim by alleging that he is actually the "Lost Dauphin", the son of Louis XVI and rightful King of France. The Duke and the Dauphin then force Jim and Huck to allow them to travel on the raft, committing a series of confidence schemes on their way south. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup because it is in list format. ... A duke is a nobleman, historically of highest rank and usually controlling a duchy. ... Louis XVII of France (March 27, 1785 – June 8, 1795), from birth to 1789 known as Louis-Charles, Duke of Normandy; then from 1789 to 1791 as Louis-Charles, Dauphin of Viennois; and from 1791 to 1793 as Louis-Charles, Prince Royal of France, was the son of King Louis... Louis XVI, born Louis-Auguste de France (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then as King of the French from 1791 to 1792. ...

During the course of these schemes, Huck sees the attempted lynching of a southern gentleman, Colonel Sherburn, after Sherburn kills a harmless town drunk. Sherburn faces down the lynch mob with a loaded rifle and forces them to back down after an extended speech regarding what he believes to be the essential cowardice of "Southern justice" -- i.e., the lynch mob. (This vignette, which stands out as essentially disconnected from the remaining plot, is thought to represent Twain's own contradictory and misanthropic impulses -- Huck, the outcast, essentially flees from Southern society, while Sherburn, the gentleman, confronts it, albeit in a brutal and destructive fashion.)^[3] Lynching is a form of violence, usually murder, conceived of by its perpetrators as extrajudicial punishment for offenders or as a terrorist method of enforcing social domination. ...

One of the most detailed schemes is the "Nonesuch." After the Duke, who fancies himself a Shakespearean actor, is unable to interest the townspeople in a pastiche of various poorly remembered Shakespearean plays, he then creates a combination play/confidence scheme called the "Royal Nonesuch." After advertising for a spectacular performance, the con men actually put on a short, albeit slightly funny, show. Still, the townspeople aren't happy that the show was so short, but because they are upset at the possibility of losing face, the first night's crowd reports to their friends that the show was fantastic, resulting in an even larger crowd the second night. On the third night, the Nonesuch draws its largest crowd yet, as most of the previous two nights' attendees return, armed with vegetables and other items to throw at the performers in revenge. After selling tickets to the third night's crowd, the Duke and Dauphin flee, considerably enriched.

The Duke and the Dauphin's schemes reach their apotheosis when the two grifters impersonate the brothers of Peter Wilks, a recently deceased man of property. Using an absurd English accent, the Dauphin manages to convince most of the townspeople that he and the Duke are Wilks' brothers recently arrived from England, and proceeds to liquidate Wilks' estate. Huck is quite upset at the men's plan to steal the inheritance from Wilks' daughters and true brothers, as well as their actions in selling Wilks' slaves and separating their families. In order to prevent their plans, Huck steals the money the two have acquired and hides it in Wilks' coffin. Shortly thereafter, the two con men are discovered when Wilks' true brothers arrive. However, when the money is found in Wilks' coffin, the Duke and Dauphin are able to escape in the confusion, rejoining Huck and Jim on the raft.

Jim's escape

After the four fugitives flee further South on their raft, the Dauphin "captures" Jim and sells his interest in any reward. Outraged by this betrayal, Huck finally rejects the advice of his "conscience," which continues to tell him that by helping Jim escape to freedom, he is stealing Miss Watson's property. Telling himself "All right, then, I'll go to hell!", Huck resolves to free Jim.

Arriving at the home where Jim is being held, Huck discovers, improbably, that the Dauphin has for forty dollars sold his supposed interest in the slave Jim to Silas Phelps, Tom Sawyer's uncle. In a parallel to the con men's earlier scheme with the Wilks family, Silas's wife, Aunt Sally, mistakes Huck for Tom himself, and Huck plays along, hoping to find a way to free Jim. Shortly thereafter, Tom himself arrives for a visit, and agrees to join Huck's scheme, pretending to be his own brother, Sid Sawyer.

Either out of a desire to revenge himself on the grifters or out of charity for the townspeople, Jim reveals the secret of the Royal Nonesuch before the two rogues are able to set their confidence game into motion. That night, Tom and Huck see the Duke and Dauphin, who have been captured by the townspeople, tarred and feathered, being run out of town on a rail. Tarring and feathering is a physical punishment, at least as old as the Crusades, used to enforce formal justice in feudal Europe and informal justice in Europe and its colonies in the early modern period, as well as the early American frontier, mostly as a type of mob vengeance (compare... Riding the rail was a punishment of Colonial America in which a man was made to straddle a fence rail held on the shoulders of two men, with other men on either side to keep him upright on the rail. ...

Rather than simply sneaking Jim out of the shed where he is being held, Tom develops an elaborate plan to free him, involving secret messages, hidden tunnels, and other elements from romantic novels, including a note to the Phelps warning them of the planned escape. Huck and Jim go along with the plan, but Tom is shot in the leg during the resulting chase. Rather than complete his escape, Jim insists that Huck return to town and find a doctor to treat Tom. Jim and Tom are then captured.

Conclusion

After Jim's recapture, events quickly resolve themselves. Tom's Aunt Polly arrives, and reveals Huck and Tom's true identities. Tom announces that Jim is and has been free for months—although Miss Watson died two months earlier and freed Jim in her will, Tom chose not to reveal Jim's freedom in order to go ahead with his scheme to break Jim from captivity. Similarly, Jim tells Huck that Huck's father, the frightening drunkard, Pap, has been dead for some time and that Huck may therefore now return safely to St. Petersburg (Jim discovered this when he and Huck were on Jackson Island and came upon part of a house drifting down stream. The dead body in the house, which Jim did not let Huck see, thinking it was bad luck for children to see dead bodies, was Huck's father). In the final narrative, Huck announces that he is quite glad to be done writing his story, and that although Tom's Aunt Sally plans to "sivilize" him, Huck himself intends to flee West. This article or section should be merged with intoxication Drunkenness, in its most common usage, is the state of being intoxicated with alcohol (i. ...

Major themes

Family is one of the most important themes in the book. The attempt by Huck's father to gain custody of him in order to steal the money that Huck and Tom had found in the previous book precipitates his flight, Huck stages his own murder to get away. One of the major plot devices in the book is Jim's hiding the death of Huck's father from him. As they travel the river, Huck is frequently involved with families who attempt to adopt him.

Another theme is the life on the Mississippi River, alternately idyllic and threatening. In true picaresque fashion, Huck and Jim encounter all the varieties of humanity as they travel: murderers, thieves, confidence men, good people and hypocrites. For the river in Canada, see Mississippi River (Ontario). ... The picaresque novel (Spanish: picaresco, from pícaro, for rogue or rascal) is a popular subgenre of prose fiction which is usually satirical and depicts in realistic and often humorous detail the adventures of a roguish hero of low social class who lives by his or her wits in a... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup because it is in list format. ... Hypocrisy is the act of condemning another person, where the stated basis for the criticism is the breach of a rule which also applies to the critic. ...

In the middle of the story, Mark Twain comments on the irrationality of pride and honor, as Huck sees brutal, cold-blooded murders committed by two feuding families. Later on, a Southern aristocrat coldly kills a drunken man who has been yelling empty threats at him, and the village turns the incident into a sort of circus, ignoring the dead man's daughter while trying to start a lynch mob, which quickly disintegrates after being mocked by the murderer himself. The "Dauphin" and the "Duke", two seemingly-innocuous (in some ways) confidence men are infamous characters of the novel who attempt to con three orphaned girls out of their late father's life savings. Towards the end of the book, they are tarred and feathered, and carried out of town on a rail, symbolizing how equally or more evil a village of people can be, given the magnitude of the response relative to that of the suspected crime. Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      The term aristocracy refers to a form of government where power is hereditary, and split between a small number of families. ... Lynching is a form of violence, usually murder, conceived of by its perpetrators as extrajudicial punishment for offenders or as a terrorist method of enforcing social domination. ... Tarring and feathering is a physical punishment, at least as old as the Crusades, used to enforce formal justice in feudal Europe and informal justice in Europe and its colonies in the early modern period, as well as the early American frontier, mostly as a type of mob vengeance (compare...

Much of the section detailing the feud between the Grangerfords and the Shepherdsons can be interpreted as an attack on exaggerated or melodramatic romanticism. The poem "Ode to Stephen Dowling Bots" by Emmeline Grangerford, two-thirds of which details what Stephen Dowling Bots did not die of, is an example. The whole Grangerford parlor was filled with kitsch. Also, Emmeline Grangerford's paintings, which had titles that all ended in "Alas", were also a parody of this. Emmeline Grangerford was modeled after Julia A. Moore, a notoriously bad poet known as "The Sweet Singer of Michigan". This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Wanderer above the sea of fog by Caspar David Friedrich Romanticism is an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in 18th century Western Europe during the Industrial Revolution. ... Kitsch (pronounced “kich” as in “rich”) is a term of German origin that has been used to categorize art that is considered an inferior copy of an existing style. ... Literary is a work very difficult to do — Julia A. Moore Julia Ann Moore, the Sweet Singer of Michigan, born Julia Ann Davis in Plainfield Township, Kent County, Michigan (December 1, 1847–June 5, 1920), was an American poet, or more precisely, poetaster. ...

It is commonly said that the beginning and ending of the book, the parts in which Tom Sawyer appears as a character, detract from its overall impact. Others feel Tom serves to start the story off and to bring it to a conclusion, and that Tom's ridiculous schemes have the paradoxical effect of providing a framework of 'reality' around the mythical river voyage. Much of the boyhood innocence and romantic depictions of nature occur in the first sixteen chapters and the last five, while the middle of the story shows the harsh realities of antebellum society. Look up paradox in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Antebellum is a Latin word meaning before war(ante means before and bellum is war). ...

Another theme is Huck's gradual acceptance of Jim as a man, strong, brave, generous, and wise (though realistically portrayed as imperfect).

Its themes on religion are almost as strong as its race theme. Huck himself comes across as religious but having trouble believing in God: although he tries to pray, he finds it to be a waste of time. Later in the book, he encounters the dilemma of whether or not to steal Jim out of slavery; he is forced to reckon with the fact that, according to his society, helping a slave escape will condemn him to Hell. His famous quote "All right, then, I'll GO to hell", is a direct attack by Twain on the religious support of slavery in the U.S. Huck comes across as one of the most unbiased, open-minded characters of popular literature as he continually questions his own motivation and life in general throughout the book. While he may not be pious, he does have a strong sense of right and wrong and often acts out of moral conviction. This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... For other uses, see Hell (disambiguation). ...

In another amusing commentary on 19th century society, Twain includes the "Dauphin" character, a deluded, unemployed drunkard who insists upon being addressed as "Your Majesty" and claims to be the "Lost Dauphin", the long-lost son of Louis XVI and Queen Marie-Antoinette, who were both executed by French republicans in 1793. Their son, Louis XVII, actually died in a republican jail in 1795, but many pretenders appeared all over the world claiming to have been the young boy-king of France. By the middle of the century their claims were becoming increasingly absurd and unbelievable. Louis XVI Louis XVI (August 23, 1754 - January 21, 1793), was King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then King of the French in 1791-1792. ... Marie Antoinette Maria Antonia Josefa Johanna von Habsburg-Lothringen (November 2, 1755 – October 16, 1793), known to history as Marie Antoinette (pronounced ), was born an Archduchess of Austria, and later became Queen of France. ... Louis XVII of France (March 27, 1785 - June 8, 1795) also known as Louis-Charles, Duke of Normandy (1785-1789), Louis-Charles, Dauphin of Viennois (1789-1791), and Louis-Charles, Prince Royal of France (1791-1793), was the son of King Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette, who never...

Another theme is belonging. Huck does not feel as though he belongs. This is shown at both the beginning of the book and at the end. One of the reasons that Huck initially runs away, is because he feels that he doesn't belong in civilized society. We also see this play into the end of the book when Huck says that he doesn't want Aunt Sally to "sivilize" him.

Controversy

Huckleberry Finn. Drawing by EW Kemble from the original 1884 edition of the book.

Although the Concord, Massachusetts library banned the book immediately after its publication because of its "tawdry subject matter" and "the coarse, ignorant language in which it was narrated", the San Francisco Chronicle came quickly to its defense on March 29, 1885: Image File history File links Download high resolution version (640x941, 145 KB)Drawing of Huckleberry finn with a rabbit and a gun, from the original 1884 edition of the book. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (640x941, 145 KB)Drawing of Huckleberry finn with a rabbit and a gun, from the original 1884 edition of the book. ... Edward Winsor Kemble (January 18, 1861–September 19, 1933) was an American cartoonist and illustrator. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Middlesex County Settled 1635 Incorporated 1635 Government  - Type Open town meeting Area  - Town  25. ... Todays San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. ... March 29 is the 88th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (89th in leap years). ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Running all through the book is the sharpest satire on the ante-bellum estimate of the slave. Huckleberry Finn, the son of a worthless, drunken, poor white man, is troubled with many qualms of conscience because of the part he is taking in helping the negro to gain his freedom. This has been called exaggerated by some critics, but there is nothing truer in the book. 1867 edition of the satirical magazine Punch, a British satirical magazine, ground-breaking on popular literature satire. ... Antebellum is a Latin word meaning before the war. In United States history and historiography Antebellum is sometimes used instead of the term pre_Civil War, especially in the South. ...

There have been countless attempts to "clean up" the language in the book - all dismal failures. CBS Television went so far as to produce a made-for-TV version of Huck Finn that included no black cast members, no mention of slavery, and without the critical character Jim.

In the United States, occasional efforts have been made to restrict the reading of the book. In addition to its Concord ban, it has, at various times, also been:

• excluded from the juvenile sections of the Brooklyn Public library and other libraries
• removed from reading lists due to alleged racism (e.g., in March of 1995 it was removed from the reading list of 10th grade English classes at National Cathedral School in Washington, DC, according to the Washington Post; and a New Haven, Connecticut correspondent to Banned Books Online reports it has been removed from a public school program there as well)
• removed from school programs at the behest of groups maintaining that its frequent use of the word nigger (212 times overall) implies that the book as a whole is racist, despite what defenders maintain is the overwhelmingly anti-racist ^[4] plot of the book, its satirical nature, and the anachronism of applying current definitions of polite speech to past times.
• removed from public and school libraries because of its "racist" plot.

Albert Bigelow Paine, in his monumental 1912 Twain biography, had introduced the epithetic phrase among critics^[5]. Russell Baker wrote: This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... ... Nickname: Location in Connecticut Coordinates: , NECTA New Haven Region South Central Region Settled 1638 Incorporated (city) 1784 Consolidated 1895 Government  - Type Mayor-board of aldermen  - Mayor John DeStefano, Jr. ... The word nigger is a highly controversial term used in many English-speaking countries, including the United States, Canada, Britain, and Australia to refer to individuals with dark skin, especially those of African descent who previously were racially classified by the now outdated term Negro. ... 1. ... An epithet (Greek - επιθετον and Latin - epitheton; literally meaning imposed) is a descriptive word or phrase. ... Russell Wayne Baker (born August 14, 1925) is an American Pulitzer Prize-winning writer known for his satirical commentary and self-critical prose. ...

The people whom Huck and Jim encounter on the Mississippi are drunkards, murderers, bullies, swindlers, lynches, thieves, liars, frauds, child abusers, numbskulls, hypocrites, windbags and traders in human flesh. All are white. The one man of honor in this phantasmagoria is 'Nigger Jim,' as Twain called him to emphasize the irony of a society in which the only true gentleman was held beneath contempt. ^[6]

Ralph Ellison was impressed with how clearly Twain allowed Jim's "dignity and human capacity" to emerge in the novel. According to Ellison, Ralph Ellison (March 1, 1913[1] – April 16, 1994) was a scholar and writer. ...

Huckleberry Finn knew, as Mark Twain, that Jim was not only a slave but a human being [and] a symbol of humanity . . . and in freeing Jim, Huck makes a bid to free himself of the conventionalized evil [i.e., slavery] taken for civilization by the town. ^[7]

The American Library Association ranked Huckleberry Finn the fifth most frequently challenged (in the sense of attempting to ban) book in the United States during the 1990s. ALA Logo The American Library Association (ALA) is a group based in the United States that promotes libraries and library education internationally. ...

Bill Walsh wrote:

Huck Finn was (and probably will remain) a lesson in the use of language, of epithets, of slurs and how they can change (or not) over time.

Annotated Edition

Michael Patrick Hearn has annotated The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Michael Patrick Hearn is an American literary scholar and one of Americas leading men of letters specializing in childrens literature and its illustration. ... An annotated novel is a book-length dramatic narrative for which marginal comments have been added to explain, interpret, or illuminate words, phrases, themes, or other elements of the text. ...

Film adaptations of the novel

• Huck Finn, a 1937 film produced by Paramount
• The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a 1939 film starring Mickey Rooney
• The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn a 1960 film directed by Michael Curtiz, starring Eddie Hodges
• The New Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a 1968 animated television series for children
• Hopelessly Lost, a 1972 Soviet film
• Huckleberry Finn, a 1974 musical film
• Huckleberry Finn, a 1975 ABC movie of the week with Ron Howard as Huck Finn.musical film
• Huckleberry Finn, a 1976 Japanese anime with 26 episodes
• Huckleberry Finn and His Friends, a 1979 television series starring Ian Tracey
• Big River, a 1985 Broadway musical with lyrics and music by Roger Miller
• Adventures of Huckleberry Finn'', a 1985 television movie.
• The Adventures of Huck Finn, a 1993 film starring Elijah Wood and Courtney B. Vance
• Tom and Huck (1995 film).
• See also: Film adaptations as listed in the Internet Movie Database

Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. ... Look up Paramount on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Paramount can refer to: Paramount, California, a city in Los Angeles County Paramount Pictures, a motion picture company Paramount Records, a record label United Paramount Network (UPN), a television network in the United States, owned by Viacom Inc. ... Actor Mickey Rooney speaks at the Pentagon in 2000 during a ceremony honoring the USO. Mickey Rooney (born Joseph Yule, Jr. ... Michael Curtiz (December 24, 1886 - April 10, 1962) was a Hungarian-American film director, whose best known films include The Adventures of Robin Hood, Casablanca, and White Christmas. ... Eddie Hodges (1947- ) is a former child actor and recording artist who left show business as an adult. ... The bouncing ball animation (below) consists of these 6 frames. ... A television program is the content of television broadcasting. ... Huckleberry Finn is a musical film version of the Mark Twain boyhood adventure story, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. ... The musical film is a film genre in which several songs sung by the characters are interwoven into the narrative. ... The American Broadcasting Company ( oftenly known as ABC) operates television and radio networks in the United States and is also shown on basic cable in Canada. ... For other people named Ron Howard, see Ronald Howard. ... The musical film is a film genre in which several songs sung by the characters are interwoven into the narrative. ... The main cast of the anime Cowboy Bebop (1998) (L to R: Spike Spiegel, Jet Black, Ed Tivrusky, Faye Valentine, and Ein the dog) For the oleo-resin, see Animé (oleo-resin). ... Huckleberry Finn and His Friends was a 1970s TV series documenting the exploits of Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer, based on books by American writer Mark Twain. ... Ian Tracey (born 26 June 1964 in Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada) is a Canadian Leo and Gemini Award -winning actor. ... Big River: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a musical based on Mark Twains novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, with music and lyrics by Roger Miller and book by William Hauptman. ... Broadway theatre[1] is the most prestigious form of professional theatre in the U.S., as well as the most well known to the general public and most lucrative for the performers, technicians and others involved in putting on the shows. ... A section of the album jacket for Golden Hits Roger Dean Miller (January 2, 1936 – October 25, 1992) was an American singer, songwriter, and musician. ... “Telefilm” redirects here. ... The Adventures of Huck Finn is a 1993 Disney film starring Elijah Wood and Courtney B. Vance; it is based on Mark Twains novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. ... Elijah Jordan Wood (born January 28, 1981) is an American actor. ... Courtney Vance Vance with wife Angela Bassett Courtney B. Vance (born March 12, 1960) is an American actor. ...

Stage adaptations

• Big River, a 1985 Broadway musical

Big River: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a musical based on Mark Twains novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, with music and lyrics by Roger Miller and book by William Hauptman. ... Broadway theatre[1] is the most prestigious form of professional theatre in the U.S., as well as the most well known to the general public and most lucrative for the performers, technicians and others involved in putting on the shows. ...

Literature

• Finn: A Novel (2007), a novel about Huck's father, Pap Finn, by Jon Clinch.

Jon Clinch is an American writer, teacher and advertising agent. ...

References

Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 — April 21, 1910),[1] better known by the pen name Mark Twain, was an American humorist, satirist, writer, and lecturer. ... Michael Patrick Hearn is an American literary scholar and one of Americas leading men of letters specializing in childrens literature and its illustration. ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

See also

• Positive friendships between men and boys in literature and film

Michael Gurian has said that If we had to look at the top three problems right now in our culture, the lack of fathers and other older males in the lives of young males would have to be at the top. ...

External links

• Mark Twain Room (Houses original manuscript of Huckleberry Finn)
• The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, available at Project Gutenberg.
• GradeSaver study guide including analysis, background and quizzes
• Huckleberry Finn, page by page text
• Teacher's Guide at Random House
• The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, audio book at LibriVox
• Audio book recording with accompanying text of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
• Culture Shock: Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
• Born To Trouble: Adventures of Huck Finn
• SearchLIT.org's hand-picked collection of associated links for Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
• Free typeset PDF ebook of Huck Finn and other Twain books optimized for printing, plus extensive Twain reading list
• Say It Ain’t So, Huck: Second thoughts on Mark Twain’s “masterpiece,” by Jane Smiley, Harper’s Magazine, Jan96, Vol. 292, Issue 1748, p61, abridged [1]
• Film adaptations as listed in the Internet Movie Database
• Huck Finn and the Power of Words