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The Republic of Adygea (Russian: Респу́блика Адыге́я; Adyghe: Адыгэ Республик) is a Russian Federation (a republic) enclaved within Krasnodar Krai. The direct transliteration of the republic's name is Respublika Adygeya. Other ways of transliterating the republic's name include Adygea and Adyghea.
Geography
Adygeya is situated on the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains, with plains in the north, and mountains in the south. Forests cover almost 40% of the territory of the republic. - Area: 7,600 km².
- Borders: Adygeya is entirely surrounded by Krasnodar Krai.
- Highest point: Chugush Mountain (3,238 m).
Time zone Adygeya is located in the Moscow Time Zone (MSK/MSD). UTC offset is +0300 (MSK)/+0400 (MSD).
Rivers Kuban River (870 km) is one of the major rivers in the Caucasus region, and it is navigable. It forms part of the northern border between Adygea and Krasnodar Krai. Other rivers include: - Belaya River
- Chokhrak River
- Dakh River
- Fars River
- Khodz River
- Kisha River
- Laba River (forming part of the eastern border between Adygea and Krasnodar Krai)
- Psekups River
- Pshish River
- Sakhray River
Lakes There are no large lakes in the republic. There are several reservoirs, that include: - Krasnodarskoye Reservoir
- Oktyabrskoye Reservoir
- Shapsugskoye Reservoir
- Tshchitskoye Reservoir
Mountains The republic's major mountains range in height from 2,000 to 3,238 m and include: - Chugush Mountain (3,238 m)
- Fisht Mountain
- Oshten Mountain
- Pseashkho Mountain
- Shepsi Mountain
Natural Resources The republic is rich in oil and natural gas. Other natural resources include gold, silver, tungsten, iron and more.
Climate - Average January temperature: -2°C
- Average July temperature: +22°C
- Average annual precipitation: 700 mm
Administrative division - Main article: Administrative division of Adygeya
Demographics Of the republics 447,109 inhabitants, 66% are Russians, while Adyghe (or Adygeans) constitute only 23%. - Population: 447,109 (2002)
- Urban: 234,900 (52.5%)
- Rural: 212,209 (47.5%)
- Male: 208,019 (46.5%)
- Female: 239,090 (53.5%)
- Females per 1000 males: 1,149
- Average age: 37 years
- Urban: 36.6 years
- Rural: 37.4 years
- Male: 34 years
- Female: 39.6 years
- Number of households: 151,597 (with 440,449 people)
- Urban: 82,949 (with 230,286 people)
- Rural: 68,648 (with 210,163 people)
History The Adyghe people were the ancient dwellers of the North-West Caucasus, sometimes known as Circassians since the 13th century.
Adygeya was established as an autonomous oblast within the Soviet Union on August 24, 1922. At that time, Krasnodar was the administrative center. On August 13, 1928, Autonomous Oblast of Adygeya was transferred under the jurisdiction of Krasnodar Krai.
Maykop became the administrative center in 1936 when the borders of the oblast were changed. On July 3, 1991, the oblast was elevated to the status of a republic under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation.
The first president of Adygeya was Aslan Aliyevich Dzharimov, elected in January of 1992.
The Adyghe language is a member of Abkhaz_Agyghe group of Caucasian languages. Along with the Russian language, the Adyghe language is the state language of Adygeya.
Politics The head of government in Adygeya is the President. As of 2004, the president is Hazret Medzhidovich Sovmen, who was elected on January 13, 2002. There is also a directly elected National Assembly. The republic sends three representatives to the parliament of the Russian Federation; one to the Duma and the other two to the Federation Council.
Economy Even though it is now one of the poorest parts of Russia, the republic has abundant forests and rich soil. The region is famous for producing grain, sunflowers, tea, tobacco, and other produce. Hog- and sheep-breeding are also developed.
Food, timber, woodworking, pulp and paper, heavy engineering, and metal-working industries are the most developed ones.
Transportation There is a small airport in Maykop, and several rail lines pass through the republic.
Culture There are 8 state and 23 public museums in the republic. The largest museum is the National Museum of the Republic of Adygeya, located in Maykop.
Education Adyghe State University and Maykop State Technological Institute are the two higher education institutions in Adygeya.
External links - Official website of Adygeya (http://www.adygheya.ru) (in Russian)
- Official Website of the Adyghe State University (http://www.adygnet.ru/indexeng.shtml) (in English)
- Official Website of the Adyghe State University (http://www.adygnet.ru/indexrus.shtml) (in Russian)
- Official Website of the National Museum of the Republic of Adygeya (http://www.museum.ru/M494) (in Russian)
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