"Pneumatophore" redirects here. It is also a name for the air bladder of the Portuguese Man o' War. This article is about the marine invetebrate. ...

Aerial roots are roots that are aboveground. They are almost always adventitious. They are found in diverse plant species, including epiphytes also known as air plants, which includes the orchids, tropical coastal swamp trees such as mangroves, the resourceful banyan tree, the temperate forest Rata and Pohutukawa of New Zealand and vines like English ivy and irritating poison ivy. Primary and secondary roots in a cotton plant In vascular plants, the root is that organ of a plant body that typically lies below the surface of the soil (compare with stem). ... Adventitious, in botany, refers to structures that develop in an unusual place, and in medicine, it refers to conditions acquired after birth. ... An example of an epiphyte assemblage of orchids and bromeliads in a garden setting The term epiphyte refers to any plant that grows upon or attached to another living plant. ... Orchid re-directs here; for alternate uses see Orchid (disambiguation) Genera Over 800 See List of Orchidaceae genera. ... Above and below water view at the edge of the mangal. ... Species Many; see text for examples Banyan (genus Ficus, subgenus Urostigma) is a subgenus of many species of tropical figs with an unusual growth habit. ... Rata may refer to the following: Rata is one of several species of tree native to New Zealand belonging to genus Metrosideros, the best-known species being Metrosideros robustus (Northern rata) and (Southern rata). ... Binomial name Metrosideros excelsa Gaertner Pohutukawa in flower Also known as New Zealand Christmas Tree or Fire Tree, the Maori named Pohutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa, synonym Metrosideros tomentosa) is an evergreen tree of the myrtle family that produces flowers made up of a mass of red stamens (sometimes yellow). ... English Ivy, (hedera helix), is an extremely invasive species of ivy native to England, but now has taken root in many places such as the U.S., often wiping out native grasses and undergrowth. ... Binomial name Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze Poisonivy (Toxicodendron radicans or Rhus toxicodendron), in the family Anacardiaceae, is a woody vine that is well-known for its ability to produce urushiol, a skin irritant which for most people will cause an agonizing, itching rash. ...

A mangrove tree with aerial 'knee' roots

Download high resolution version (900x692, 339 KB)Mangrove (Sonneratia ?alba) trees and pneumatophores on the coast of Yap. ... Download high resolution version (900x692, 339 KB)Mangrove (Sonneratia ?alba) trees and pneumatophores on the coast of Yap. ...

Types of aerial roots

This plant organ that is found in so many diverse plant families has different specializations that suit the plant habitat. In general growth form, they can be technically classed as negatively gravitropic (grows up and away from the ground) or positively gravitropic (grows down toward the ground). Gravitropism [or geotropism] is a turning or growth movement by a plant or fungi in response to gravity. ...

Support aerial roots

In the case of the Banyan tree, also known as the strangler fig, the tree begins as a small aerial plant. Its roots grow down and around the stem of its host until it reaches the ground. The roots sprout branches along the way, and eventually when soil is reached, will absorb mineral nutrients and water. The roots eventually "strangle" the host tree and then the hollow cylinder of aerial roots serve as the banyan's trunk. Species Many; see text for examples Banyan (genus Ficus, subgenus Urostigma) is a subgenus of many species of tropical figs with an unusual growth habit. ...

Non-parasitic ivy are vines that use their aerial roots to cling to host plants, rocks, or houses. Prop roots form on aerial stems and grow down into the soil to brace the plant, e.g. maize and screw pine. Species See text Hedera (English name ivy, plural ivies) is a genus of about ten species of climbing or ground-creeping evergreen woody plants in the family Araliaceae, native to the Atlantic Islands, western, central and southern Europe, northwestern Africa and across central-southern Asia east to Japan. ... Corn redirects here. ... Species see Text Pandanus is a genus containing several species of tree-like plants native to Oceania, sometimes called screw pines because their long, flat leaves grow in a spiral configuration. ...

Pneumatophores

These specialized aerial roots enable plants to breath air in habitats that have waterlogged soil. The roots may grown down from the stem, or up from typical roots. Some botanists classify these as aerating roots rather than aerial roots, if they come up from soil. This is a good example of the living nature of plant taxonomy, that different experts hold opposing views on the subject. The surface of these roots are covered with lenticels which take up air into spongy tissue which in turn uses osmotic pathways to spread the needed oxygen throughout the plant as needed. Loess field in Germany For the Alternative Metal band, see SOiL. Soil, comprising the pedosphere, is positioned at the interface of the lithosphere with the atmosphere, and hydrosphere. ... Look up taxonomy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A lenticel is either One of the small, oval, rounded spots upon the stem or branch of a plant, from which the underlying tissues may protrude or roots may issue, either in the air, or more commonly when the stem or branch is covered with water or earth, or A... Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute potential to an area of high solute potential (or equivalently, from a region of high solvent potential to a region of low solvent potential). ...

Haustorial roots

These roots are found in parasitic plants, where aerial roots become cemented to the host plant via a sticky attachment disc before intruding into the tissues of the host. Mistletoe is a good example of this. SO is Ur Mom About 4,100 species in approximately 19 families of flowering plants are either partly or completely parasitic on other plants [1]. Parasitic plants have a modified root, the haustorium, that penetrates the host plant and connects to the xylem or phloem or both. ... Families Santalaceae(Viscaceae) Loranthaceae Mistletoe is the common name for various parasitic plants of the families Santalaceae (in the section of the family formerly separated as Viscaceae) and Loranthaceae. ...

Propagative roots

Horizontal, aboveground stems, termed stolons or runners, usually develop plantlets with adventitious roots at their nodes, e.g. strawberry and spider plant. A stolon is an aerial shoot from a plant with the ability to produce adventitious roots and new offshoots of the same plant. ... Species 20+ species; see text The strawberry (Fragaria) is a genus of plants in the family Rosaceae, and the fruit of these plants. ... Species About 200-220, including: Chlorophytum amaniense Chlorophytum arundinaceum Chlorophytum bichetii Chlorophytum borivilianum Chlorophytum capense Chlorophytum comosum Chlorophytum heynei Chlorophytum hoffmannii Chlorophytum inornatum Chlorophytum macrophyllum Chlorophytum nepalense Chlorophytum orchidastrum Chlorophytum is a genus of about 200-220 species of evergreen perennial flowering plants in the Agavaceae, native to the tropical...

Some leaves develop adventitious buds, which then form adventitious roots, e.g. piggyback plant (Tolmiea menziesii) and mother-of-thousands (Kalanchoe daigremontiana). The adventitious plantlets then drop off the parent plant and develop as separate clones of the parent. Binomial name Kalanchoe daigremontiana Kalanchoe daigremontiana is a succulent plant in the Crassulaceae family that is unusual in that it produces baby plants along the edges of its leaves which then drop to the soil below and take root. ... Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of something. ...

See also

• Adventitious
• Root
• Vegetative reproduction
• Vine

Adventitious, in botany, refers to structures that develop in an unusual place, and in medicine, it refers to conditions acquired after birth. ... Primary and secondary roots in a cotton plant In vascular plants, the root is that organ of a plant body that typically lies below the surface of the soil (compare with stem). ... Production of new individuals along a leaf margin of the air plant, Kalanchoë pinnata. ... A curling tendril A vine is any plant of genus Vitis (the grape plants) or, by extension, any similar climbing or trailing plant. ...

References

1. UCLA Botany glossary page: Roots