An aerogram is a thin piece of foldable and gummed paper for writing a letter for transit via airmail, in which the letter and envelope are one and the same. Enclosures are not permitted in these light letters, which can be sent abroad for a special rate.
A postal service may sometimes opt to transport some regular mail by air, perhaps because other transportation is unavailable, but it is usually impossible to know this by examining an envelope, and such items are not considered "airmail".
However, aerogramme and aerogram may also refer to a specific kind of airmail letter which is its own envelope; see aerogram.
The choice to send a letter by air is indicated either by a handwritten note on the envelope, by the use of special labels called airmail etiquettes, or by the use of specially-marked envelopes.