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An aeronautical chart is a map designed to assist in navigation of aircraft, much as nautical charts do for watercraft, or a roadmap for drivers. Using these charts and other tools pilots are able to determine their position, best route to a destination, navigation aids along the way, alternative landing areas in case of an in-flight emergency, and other useful information such as important radio frequencies and airspace boundaries. There are charts for all land masses on Earth, and long-distance charts for trans-oceanic travel. For other uses, see Map (disambiguation). ...
Table of geography, hydrography, and navigation, from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ...
“Flying Machine†redirects here. ...
Portion of chart of Bering Strait, site of former land bridge between Asia and North America. ...
For other uses, see Map (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Aviator (disambiguation). ...
Airspace means the portion of the atmosphere controlled by a particular country on top of its territory and territorial waters or, more generally, any specific three-dimensional portion of the atmosphere. ...
Specific charts are used for each phase of a flight and may vary from a map of a particular airport facility to an overview of the instrument routes covering an entire continent (e.g., global navigation charts), and many types in between.
Charts for visual flight rules (VFR) Under "visual flight rules", pilots are expected to see and avoid dangers along the way (obstacles, other aircraft, bad weather, etc), and to use pilotage and other means for navigating. VFR charts include a large amount of information describing the local topography, not the least of which is the elevation. Standardized symbols are used for indication of land and water features such as mountains, shorelines and rivers. Roads, towns and other identifiable features may also be shown, in addition to specific aeronautical details. Pilotage is the use of fixed visual references on the ground or sea to guide oneself to a destination. ...
For discussion of land surfaces themselves, see Terrain. ...
Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ...
Visual flight charts are divided into categories, depending upon their scale, which is proportional to the size of the area covered by one map. The amount of detail is necessarily reduced when larger areas are covered with a map having a compact scale. Variable scale to measure distances on maps An important property of a map is the scale. ...
- World aeronautical charts (WACs) have a scale of 1:1,000,000 and cover relatively large areas. Outside of WAC coverage, operational navigation charts (ONC) may be used, having the same scale as WACs.
- Sectional charts typically cover a few hundred square miles of area (1:500,000).
- VFR Terminal area charts are created with a scale and coverage appropriate for the general vicinity of a large airport (1:250,000).
- Fly charts depict preferred VFR flight routes within areas of congested airspace.
A World Aeronautical Chart is a type of aeronautical chart used for navigation by pilots flying primarily moderate speed aircraft. ...
In United States aviation, a sectional chart is a type of aeronautical chart designed for navigation under Visual Flight Rules. ...
In United States and Canadian aviation, Terminal Area Charts (TACs) are aeronautical charts intended for navigation under Visual Flight Rules that depict areas surrounding major airports (primarily those with Class B airspace. ...
Charts for instrument flight rules (IFR) Instrument flight requires the use of artificial aids to navigation, under the control of an air traffic controller, usually based upon a flight plan. The charts used for IFR flights contain an abundance of information regarding locations (waypoints) "fix" according to measurements from electronic beacons of various types, as well as the routes connecting these waypoints. Only limited topographic information is found on IFR charts. Controllers survey the field at Misawa Air Base, Japan. ...
For the movie, see Flightplan. ...
A waypoint is a reference point in physical space used for purposes of navigation. ...
A position fix or simply a fix is a term used in position fixing in navigation to describe a position derived from measuring external reference points. ...
En-route low and high altitude charts are published with a scale that depends upon the density of navigation information required in the vicinity. In aviation, an en-route chart is an aeronautical chart that guides pilots flying under Instrument Flight Rules during the en-route phase of flight. ...
Information from IFR charts is often programmed into an flight management system or autopilot system, which may simplify many of the tasks involved in following (or deviating from) a flight plan. A Flight Managment System is a little computer onboard almost every aircraft that will guide the aircraft to it designated destination. ...
An autopilot is a mechanical, electrical, or hydraulic system used to guide a vehicle without assistance from a human being. ...
Terminal procedure publications such as Standard Terminal Arrival plates, Standard Instrument Departure plates, and other documentation provide detailed information for arrival, departure and taxiing at each approved airport having instrument capabilities of some sort. In aviation, a Standard Terminal Arrival Route, also known as a Standard Terminal Arrival or simply a STAR, is a published procedure followed by aircraft on an IFR flight plan just before reaching a destination airport. ...
This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ...
Sources for charts Aeronautical charts may be purchased at fixed base operators (FBOs), internet supply sources, or catalogs of aeronautical gear. They may also be viewed online from sources such as Skyvector and the FAA. A Fixed Base Operator (also known as Fixed Base of Operation), or FBO, is a service center at an airport that may be a private enterprise or may be a department of the municipality that the airport serves. ...
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