The Afghan Supreme Court (Stera Mahkama) is the The supreme court in some countries, provinces, and states, is the highest court in that jurisdiction and functions as a court of last resort whose rulings cannot be appealed. In the United States, for example, there is a federal Supreme Court as well as supreme courts within most of the... court of last resort in Afghanistan (Pashtu/Dari-Persian: Afğānistān افغانستان) is a country in Central Asia. It is bordered by Iran in the west, Pakistan in the south and east, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the north, and China in the... Afghanistan. It was created by the The Constitution of Afghanistan became the official law of Afghanistan when the 2003 Loya jirga approved it by the consensus on January 4, 2004. It evolved out of the Afghan Constitution Commission mandated by the Bonn Agreement. The constitution provides for an elected President and National Assembly. Although Presidential elections... Constitution of Afghanistan, which was approved on January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 361 days remaining (362 in leap years). January Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19... January 4, -1... 2004. It's creation was called for by the Officially the Agreement On Provisional Arrangements In Afghanistan Pending The Re-Establishment Of Permanent Government Institutions, the Bonn Agreement was the initial series of agreements intended to re-create the State of Afghanistan following the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan in response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, an... Bonn Agreement, which read in part:

The judicial power of Afghanistan shall be independent and shall be vested in a Supreme Court of Afghanistan, and such other courts as may be established by the Interim Administration.

The nine justices on the tribunal are appointed for 10-year terms by the president, with the approval of the Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of the nation's legislature. The president selects one of the nine members to serve as This article is part of the series Politics of Afghanistan Politics of Afghanistan Political parties in Afghanistan Elections in Afghanistan President 2004 The politics of Afghanistan are complex and confusing. Almost two years after the former Taliban regime was overthrown in a U.S.-led invasion, Afghanistan remains in many... Chief Justice. The Afghan Constitution allows for judges to be trained in either civil or Islamic law. Matters of law with no provision in the constitution or other standing laws shall be judged by the Hanifi jurisprudence. The judiciary shall apply the Shia school of law in cases dealing with personal matters of those who are of the This article forms part of the seriesIslam Vocabulary of Islam Five Pillars Profession of faith Prayer · Alms · Fasting Pilgrimage to Mecca Jihad (See Sixth pillar of Islam) People Muhammad Prophets of Islam Caliph · Shia Imam Companions of Muhammad Holy Cities Mecca · Medina · Jerusalem Najaf · Karbala · Kufa Kazimain · Mashhad · Samarra Events... Shia sect, where applicable.

The Court is presently dominated by conservative religious figures and its Chief Justice, Fazal Hadi Shinwari, in particular has been described as "ultra conservative." Several of its recent rulings have disappointed reform-minded Afghanis and people in the For alternative meanings for The West in the United States, see the U.S. West and American West. The term Western world can have multiple meanings depending on its context. Originally defined as Europe, most modern uses of the term refer to the societies of Europe and their genealogical, colonial... Western world. For instance:

• the court, during the Politics of Afghanistan Politics of Afghanistan Political parties in Afghanistan Elections in Afghanistan President 2004 An election to the office of President of Afghanistan was held on October 9, 2004. Hamid Karzai won the election with 55.4% of the votes. It is estimated that more than three-fourths of... 2004 presidential election campaign, sought to ban a candidate who questioned whether Polygamy, literally many marriages in ancient Greek, is a marital practice in which a person has more than one spouse simultaneously (as opposed to monogamy where each person has a maximum of one spouse at any one time). The term is often used in a de facto sense, applying regardless... polygamy was in keeping with the spirit of Islam;
• they have called for an end to Cable television or Community Antenna Television (CATV) (and often shortened to cable) is a system of providing television, FM radio programming and other services to consumers via radio waves transmitted directly to people’s televisions through fixed coaxial cables as opposed to the over-the-air method used in... cable television service in the country, at least pending government regulation, due in part to the apparent influence of films from Legendary Movie Poster Bollywood is the informal name given to the popular Mumbai-based film industry in India. Though some purists deplore the name, it seems likely to persist; it even has its own entry in the Oxford English Dictionary. Bollywood is also commonly referred to as Hindi cinema, even... Bollywood, which were allegedly prurient [1] (http://www.hrea.org/lists/huridocs-tech/markup/msg00917.html);
• the court upheld the Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offense or a capital crime. Some jurisdictions that practice capital punishment restrict its use to a small number of criminal offences, principally... death penalty for two journalists convicted of Blasphemy is the defamation of the name of God or the gods, and by extension any display of gross irreverence towards any person or thing deemed worthy of exalted esteem. In this broader sense the term is used by Sir Francis Bacon in the Advancement of Learning, when he speaks... blasphemy for saying the Islam being practised in the country was reactionary [2] (http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=7706);
• they banned women from singing on television [3] (http://www.why-war.com/news/2002/08/31/afghansu.html); and
• they ruled that a girl, given as a bride when 9 years old and now 13, could not get a divorce from her abusive husband, notwithstanding a law that makes it illegal for girls under 16 to marry [4] (http://www.azstarnet.com/sn/attack/48031.php).

Some Afghan watchers believe that President Hamid Karzai Became President: December 7, 2004 Date of Birth: December 24, 1957 Place of Birth: Karz village, Qandahar Hamid Karzai (Dari, Pashto: حامدکرزى) (born December 24, 1957) has been the President of Afghanistan since December 7, 2004. Muhammad Karzai had previously been... Hamid Karzai will make reforming the nation's Supreme Court a goal in his first term as democratically elected president.

See also: Politics of Afghanistan Politics of Afghanistan Political parties in Afghanistan Elections in Afghanistan President 2004 The politics of Afghanistan are complex and confusing. Almost two years after the former Taliban regime was overthrown in a U.S.-led invasion, Afghanistan remains in many ways a coherent state in name only... Politics of Afghanistan