African American topics
History
African American history
African American military history
African slave trade
Struggle for equality
Languages
AAVE  ·  Gullah  ·  Creole
Religions
Christian Churches
Rasta  ·  Black Jews
Black Hebrew Israelites
Black Hebrews
Nation of Islam  ·  Lukumí
Doctrine of Father Divine
Political movements
Civil Rights (1896 to 1954)
Civil Rights (1955 to 1968)
Garveyism  ·  Black nationalism
Black populism
African American leftism
Black conservatism
Organisations
UNIA-ACL  ·  NAACP  ·  UNCF
Negro League (baseball)
Academics
Literature  ·  Studies
Contemporary issues
Art  ·  Music  ·  Culture
Lists
African Americans
Subcultures
Landmark legislation
Related topics

African American art is a broad term describing the visual arts of the American black community. Influenced by various cultural traditions, including those of Africa, Europe and the Americas, traditional African American art forms include the range of plastic arts, from basketweaving, pottery and quilting to woodcarving and painting. Image File history File links Created by Edward Deutsch  â€”  File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ... Main article: African American African American history is the history of an ethnic group in the United States also known as black Americans. ... Military history of African Americans is that of African Americans in the United States since the arrival of the first black slaves in 1619 to the present day. ... Slave transport in Africa, from a 19th century engraving The African slavery trade dates back thousands of years and reportedly continues today in some isolated parts of Africa. ... African American Vernacular English (AAVE), also called Black English, Black Vernacular, or Black English Vernacular (BEV), is a type of Southern American English lect (dialect, ethnolect and sociolect) of the American English language. ... Gullah is the name of both an ethnic group and its English-African creole language. ... // A Creole is a language descended from a pidgin that has become the native language of a group of people. ... A.U.M.P. Church AME Church National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. ... Haile Selassie I Rasta, or the Rastafari movement, is a religious movement that accepts Haile Selassie I, the former emperor of Ethiopia, as King of Kings, Lord of Lords and the Lion of Judah as Jah (the Rastafari name for God, from a shortened form of Jehovah found in Psalm... Black Jews may refer to a number of different religious and ethnic groups. ... The Black Hebrews (or African Hebrew Israelite Nation of Jerusalem) is a small religious group whose members believe they are descended from the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. ... The Black Hebrews (or African Hebrew Israelite Nation of Jerusalem) is a small religious group whose members believe they are descended from the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Lukumí, Regla de Ocha or Afro-Cuba, most widely known as Santeria, (Santería in Spanish) is a set of related religious systems that superficially seem to fuse Catholic beliefs with traditional Yoruba beliefs. ... The Doctrine of Father Divine are the teachings of the late Father Divine (d. ... The civil rights movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all Americans. ... The Civil Rights Movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to primarily African American citizens of United States. ... Garveyism is that aspect of Black Nationalism which takes its source from the works, words and deeds of UNIA-ACL founder Marcus Garvey. ... Black nationalist flag // Black nationalism is a political and social movement arising in the 1960s and early 70s among African Americans in the United States. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Black Conservatism is a political and social movement within African American culture which emphasizes American patriotism (and in extreme cases, jingoism), and right to far-right Christian values. ... The Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA) is, according to its 1929 constitution, a social, friendly, humanitarian, charitable, educational, institutional, constructive and expansive society, and is founded by persons desiring to the utmost to work for the general uplift of the people of African ancestry of the... National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, or NAACP, is one of the oldest and most influential civil rights organizations in the United States. ... United Negro College Fund (UNCF), headquartered in Fairfax, Virginia is an American philanthropic organization with the mission of raising college tuition money for African-American students and as well as general scholarship funds for Historically Black colleges and universities. ... Bud Fowler, the first professional black baseball player with his team from Keokuk, Iowa, the Westerns of Keokuk The Negro leagues were a collection of professional baseball leagues made up of predominantly black teams. ... The Color Purple by Alice Walker African American literature is literature written by, about, and sometimes specifically for African Americans. ... African American studies, or Black studies, is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to the study of the history, culture, and politics of African Americans. ... African American contemporary issues discusses social concerns as they pertain to African Americans. ... African American music (also called black music, formerly known as race music) is an umbrella term given to a range of musical genres emerging from or influenced by the culture of African Americans, who have long constituted a large ethnic minority of the population of the United States. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... This is an incomplete list of famous African Americans. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... This is a list of landmark legislation and court decisions in the United States concerning African Americans. ... This is an alphabetical list of African-American-related topics: // A African American African American contemporary issues African American culture African American history African-American abolitionists, List of African Americans, List of African Americans in the United States Congress African-Americans in the United States military before desegregation African American... African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ... The term Blacks is often used in the West to denote race for persons whose progenitors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan Africa. ... // Etymology World map showing Africa (geographically) The name Africa came into Western use through the Romans, who used the name Africa terra — land of the Afri (plural, or Afer singular) — for the northern part of the continent, as the province of Africa with its capital Carthage, corresponding to modern-day... A satellite composite image of Europe // Etymology Picture of Europa, carried away by bull-shaped Zeus. ... Map of America by Jonghe, c. ...

History

Antebellum and Civil War eras

The earliest African American artists were slave artisans working as potters, blacksmiths, cabinetmakers, quilters, basketmakers and silversmiths. Many slaves arrived from Africa as skilled artisans, having worked in these or similar media in Africa. Others learned their trades or crafts as apprentices to African or white skilled workers. It was often the practice for slaveowners to hire out skilled artisans. With the consent of their masters, some slave artisans also were able to keep wages earned in their free time and thereby save enough money to purchase their, and their families', freedom. An artisan, also called a craftsman, is a skilled manual worker who uses tools and machinery in a particular craft. ...

G.W. Hobbs, William Simpson, Robert M. Douglas Jr., Patrick Henry Reason, Joshua Johnson, and Scipio Moorhead were among the earliest known portrait artists, from the period of 1773–1887. While there were no schools during this period in the United States where an African American artist could learn to paint, patronage by some white families allowed for private tutorship in special cases. Many of these sponsoring whites were abolitionists. Joshua Johnson (c. ... 1773 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1887 is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar). ... This article is about the abolition of slavery. ...

Post-Civil War

After the Civil War, it became increasingly acceptable for African American- created works to be exhibited in museums, and artists increasingly produced works for this purpose. These were works mostly in the European romantic and classical traditions of landscapes and portraits. Edward Mitchell Bannister, Henry Ossawa Tanner and Edmonia Lewis are the most notable of this time. Others include Grafton Tyler Brown, Nelson A. Primus and Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller. The goal of widespread recognition across racial boundaries was first eased within America's big cities, including Philadelphia, Boston, Chicago, New York, and New Orleans. Even in these places, however, there were discriminatory limitations. Abroad, however, African Americans were much better received. In Europe—especially Paris, France—these artists could express much more freedom in experimentation and education concerning techniques outside of traditional western art. Freedom of expression was much more prevalent in Paris as well as Munich and Rome to a lesser extent. Edward Mitchell Bannister (1828 - 1901) was a United States painter in the style of the French Barbizon school who painted the New England landscape. ... Sand Dunes at Sunset, Atlantic City by Henry Tanner Henry Ossawa Tanner (June 21, 1859–May 25, 1937) was one of the first important African American painters. ... Edmonia Lewis (born July 4, 1845 - died c. ... Philadelphia is a village located in Jefferson County, New York. ... Boston is a town and small port c. ... Chicago (officially named the City of Chicago) is the third largest city in the United States (after New York City and Los Angeles), with an official population of 2,896,016, as of the 2000 census. ... The city is at the center of international finance, politics, entertainment, and culture, and is one of the worlds major global cities (along with London, Tokyo and Paris) with a virtually unrivaled collection of museums, galleries, performance venues, media outlets, international corporations, and stock exchanges. ... New Orleans is the largest city in the state of Louisiana, United States of America. ... An African-American drinks out of a water fountain marked for colored in 1939 at a street car terminal in Oklahoma City. ... The Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Munich: Frauenkirche and Town Hall steeple Munich (German: München (pronounced listen) is the capital of the German federal state of Bavaria. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni (Left-Wing Democrats) Area  - City Proper  1290 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,823,807 almost 4,000,000 1...

Modern era

The Harlem Renaissance was one of the most notable movements in African American art. Certain freedoms and ideas that were already widespread in many parts of the world at the time had begun to spread into the artistic communities United States during the 1920s. During this period the notable artists included photographer James Van Der Zee, janitor turned painter Palmer Hayden, Aaron Douglas, Richmond Barthé, Archibald Motley, William H. Johnson, Sargent Johnson, Malvin Gray Johnson, and Hale Woodruff. The Harlem Renaissance was a flowering of African-American social thought and culture based in the African-American community forming in Harlem in New York City (USA). ... 1920 (MCMXX) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... James Van Der Zee (June 29, 1886 - May 15, 1983) was an African-American photographer best known for his portraits of Black New Yorkers. ... Power Plant, Harlem by Aaron Douglas. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Introduction Archibald John Motley, Junior (September 2, 1891, New Orleans, Louisiana – January 16, 1981, Chicago, Illinois) was an American painter. ...

The establishment of the Harmon Foundation by art patron William Harmon in 1922 sponsored many new artists. The As it did with many such endeavors, the 1929 Great Depression largely ended funding for the arts for a time. While the Harmon Foundation still existed in this period, its financial support toward artists ended. The Harmon Foundation, however, continued supporting artists until 1967 by mounting exhibitions and offering funding for developing artists. William Harmon William Harmon is James Gordon Hanes Professor of the Humanities at the University of North Carolina, author of five books of poetry and editor of A Handbook to Literature. ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... -1... The Great Depression was a massive global economic recession (or depression) that ran from 1929 to approximately 1939. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The U.S. Treasury Department's Public Works of Art Project ineffectively attempted to provide support for artists in 1933. In 1935, President Roosevelt created the Works Progress Administration (WPA). The WPA provided for all American artists and proved especially helpful to African American artists. Politics, human and social conditions all became the subjects of accepted art forms. Important cities with important African American art circles included Philadelphia, Boston, San Francisco and Washington, DC. The WPA lead to a new wave of important black art professors. Mixed media, abstract art, cubism, and social realism became not only acceptable, but desirable. Artists of the WPA united to form the 1935 Harlem Artists' Guild, which developed community art facilities in major cities. Leading forms of art included drawing, sculture, printmaking, painting, pottery, quilting, weaving and photography. By 1939, the costly WPA and its projects all were terminated. 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Works Progress Administration (later Works Projects Administration, abbreviated WPA), was created on May 6, 1935 with the signing of Executive Order 7034. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

In the 1950s and 1960s, there were very few widely accepted African American artists as American culture continued to change in its attitudes toward art and black artists. Horace Pippin, Romare Bearden, Jacob Lawrence and Sam Gilliam were among the few who had successfully been received in a gallery setting. The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and '70s led artists to capture and express the times and changes. Galleries and community art centers devloped for the purpose of displaying African American art and collegiate teaching positions were created by and for African American artists. By the 80s and 90s, most majors cities had devloped museums devoted to African American artists. The National Endowment for the Arts provided increasing support for these artists. 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Horace Pippin (1888 - 1946) was an African-American artist. ... Romare Bearden (1911 in Charlotte, North Carolina – 1988 in New York, New York) was an African American artist. ... Jacob Lawrence taken by Kenneth Space. ... Civil Rights Movement in the United States, political, legal, and social struggle to gain full citizenship rights for African American and to achieve racial equality. ... The National Endowment for the Arts is a United States federally funded program that offers support and funding for projects that exhibit artistic excellence. ...

Modern day influental artists include Faith Ringgold, Betye Saar, Fred Wilson, Dawoud Bey, Lorna Simpson, David Hammons, Martha Jackson-Jarvis, Martin Puryear, Adrian Piper, Emma Amos, Howardena Pindell, M. Scott Johnson and Jean-Michel Basquiat, among others. Faith Ringgold (b. ... Fred Wilson is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. ... Puryears Box and Pole, 1977 Puryears Sanctuary, 1982 Martin Puryear (born May 23, 1941) is an African-American sculptor. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

See also

• African American literature
• African American music

The Color Purple by Alice Walker African American literature is literature written by, about, and sometimes specifically for African Americans. ... African American music (also called black music, formerly known as race music) is an umbrella term given to a range of musical genres emerging from or influenced by the culture of African Americans, who have long constituted a large ethnic minority of the population of the United States. ...

References

• Romare Bearden, Harry Henderson, A history of African-American Artists. From 1792 to the Present, New York: Pantheon Books 1993
• Sylvester, Melvin R. African Americans in Visual Arts: A Historical Perspective. Long Island University. Retrieved January 23, 2005.