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Military history of African Americans is that of African Americans in the United States since the arrival of the first black slaves in 1619 to the present day. African American military history is marked by feats throughout several conflicts in American History; as African American soldiers had fought bravely in the Revolutionary War, the Civil War, the World Wars, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, and the current War in Iraq. Image File history File links Created by Edward Deutsch — File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ...
Main article: African American African American history is the history of an ethnic group in the United States also known as black Americans. ...
Slave transport in Africa, from a 19th century engraving The African slavery trade dates back thousands of years and reportedly continues today in some isolated parts of Africa. ...
African American Vernacular English (AAVE), also called Black English, Black Vernacular, or Black English Vernacular (BEV), is a type of Southern American English lect (dialect, ethnolect and sociolect) of the American English language. ...
Gullah is the name of both an ethnic group and its English-African creole language. ...
// A Creole is a language descended from a pidgin that has become the native language of a group of people. ...
A.U.M.P. Church AME Church National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. ...
Haile Selassie I Rasta, or the Rastafari movement of Jah people, is a religious movement that accepts Haile Selassie I, the former emperor of Ethiopia, as King of Kings, Lord of Lords and the Lion of Judah as Jah (the Rastafari name for God, from a shortened form of Jehovah...
Black Jews may refer to a number of different religious and ethnic groups. ...
The Black Hebrews (or African Hebrew Israelite Nation of Jerusalem) is a small religious group whose members believe they are descended from the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. ...
The Black Hebrews (or African Hebrew Israelite Nation of Jerusalem) is a small religious group whose members believe they are descended from the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. ...
The Nation of Islam (NOI) is a religious and socio-political organization founded in the United States by Wallace Fard Muhammad in 1930 with a declared aim of resurrecting the spiritual, mental, social and economic condition of the black man and woman of America and the world. ...
Osun Shrine in Osogbo Nigeria near river An Orisha, also spelled Orisa and Orixa is a spirit that reflects one of the manifestations of Olodumare (God) in the Yoruba spiritual or religious system. ...
The Doctrine of Father Divine are the teachings of the late Father Divine (d. ...
The civil rights movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all Americans. ...
The Civil Rights Movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to primarily African American citizens of United States. ...
Garveyism is that aspect of Black Nationalism which takes its source from the works, words and deeds of UNIA-ACL founder Marcus Garvey. ...
Black nationalist flag // Black nationalism is a political and social movement arising in the 1960s and early 70s among African Americans in the United States. ...
This article needs to be wikified. ...
This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ...
Black Conservatism is a political and social movement within African American culture which emphasizes American patriotism (and in extreme cases, jingoism), and right to far-right Christian values. ...
The Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA) is, according to its 1929 constitution, a social, friendly, humanitarian, charitable, educational, institutional, constructive and expansive society, and is founded by persons desiring to the utmost to work for the general uplift of the people of African ancestry of the...
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, or NAACP, is one of the oldest and most influential (although a racist group) civil rights organizations in the United States. ...
United Negro College Fund (UNCF), headquartered in Fairfax, Virginia is an American philanthropic organization with the mission of raising college tuition money for African-American students and as well as general scholarship funds for Historically Black colleges and universities. ...
Bud Fowler, the first professional black baseball player with his team from Keokuk, Iowa, the Westerns of Keokuk The Negro leagues were a collection of professional baseball leagues made up of predominantly black teams. ...
The Color Purple by Alice Walker African American literature is literature written by, about, and sometimes specifically for African Americans. ...
African American studies, or Black studies, is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to the study of the history, culture, and politics of African Americans. ...
African American contemporary issues discusses social concerns as they pertain to African Americans. ...
African American art is a broad term describing the visual arts of the American black community. ...
African American music (also called black music, formerly known as race music) is an umbrella term given to a range of musical genres emerging from or influenced by the culture of African Americans, who have long constituted a large ethnic minority of the population of the United States. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
This is an incomplete list of famous African Americans. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
This is a list of landmark legislation and court decisions in the United States concerning African Americans. ...
This is an alphabetical list of African-American-related topics: // A African American African American contemporary issues African American culture African American history African-American abolitionists, List of African Americans, List of African Americans in the United States Congress African-Americans in the United States military before desegregation African American...
African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ...
The history of slavery in the United States began soon after people first settled in the area (and so even before the founding of the United States), and officially ended with the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865. ...
Events May 13 - Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague after having been accused of treason. ...
Military history is the recording (in writing or otherwise) of the events in the history of humanity that fall within the category of conflict. ...
The Military history of the United States spans a period of less than two and a half centuries. ...
The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a war fought primarily between Great Britain and revolutionaries within thirteen of her North American colonies. ...
A civil war is a war in which the competing parties are segments of the same country or empire. ...
There have been two World Wars, now more commonly known as World War I or First World War (from 1914 to 1918), and World War II or Second World War (from 1939 to 1945). ...
The Korean War, from June 25, 1950 to cease-fire on July 27, 1953 (technically speaking, the war has not yet ended), was a conflict between North Korea and South Korea. ...
The Vietnam War or Second Indochina War was a conflict between the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN, or North Vietnam), allied with the National Liberation Front (NLF, or Viet Cong) against the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, or South Vietnam), and its allies — notably the United States military in support of...
C Company, 1st Battalion, The Staffordshire Regiment, 1st UK Armoured Division The 1991 Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of approximately 30 nations mandated by the United Nations and led by the United States. ...
There have been three conflicts in the late 20th century and early 21st century called Gulf War, all of which refer to conflicts in the Persian Gulf region: Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) (aka First Gulf War). ...
Revolutionary War
 Crispus Attucks remains one of the noted patriots before the Revolutionary War, when he was killed in 1770 during the Boston Massacre.
African-Americans, slaves and free blacks, served on both sides during the war. Black soldiers served in northern militias from the outset, but this was forbidden in the South, where slaveowners feared arming slaves. Lord Dunmore, the Royal Governor of Virginia, issued an emancipation proclamation in November 1775, promising freedom to runaway slaves who fought for the British; Sir Henry Clinton issued a similar edict in New York in 1779. Tens of thousands of slaves escaped to the British lines, although possibly as few as 1,000 served under arms. Many of the rest served as orderlies, mechanics, laborers, servants, scouts and guides, although more than half died in smallpox epidemics that swept the British forces, and a number were driven out of the British lines when food ran low. Despite Dunmore's promises, the majority were not given their freedom.[1] Public domain photo. ...
Public domain photo. ...
Engraving by Paul Revere The Boston Massacre was an event that occurred on Monday, March 5, 1770 and helped eventualy spark the American Revolution. ...
African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ...
This poster depicting the horrific conditions on slave ships was influential in mobilizing public opinion against slavery in Britain and the United States. ...
// Freeman The term freeman was generally an English or American Colonial expression in Puritan times, which referred to those persons who were not under legal restraint – usually for the payment of an outstanding debt, because of their continual drunkeness, because they had recently relocated, or because they were idle and...
Lord Dunmore John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore (1730–February 25, 1809) was the British governor of the Province of New York from 1770 to 1771 and the Virginia Colony, from September 25, 1771 until just before the American Revolutionary War began in June 1775. ...
State nickname: Old Dominion Official languages English Capital Richmond Largest city Virginia Beach Governor Mark R. Warner (D) Tim Kaine (D-Governor Elect) Senators John Warner (R) George Allen (R) Area - Total - % water Ranked 35th 110,862 km² 7. ...
General Sir Henry Clinton K.B. Commander-in-Chief of British troops in America. ...
In response, and because of manpower shortages, Washington lifted the ban on black enlistment in the Continental Army in January 1776. All-black units were formed in Rhode Island and Massachusetts; many were slaves promised freedom for serving in lieu of their masters; another all-black unit came from Haiti with French forces. At least 5,000 black soldiers fought as Revolutionaries.
Peter Salem and Salem Poor are the most noted of the American patriots during this era. Peter Salem was a black slave who lived during the American Revolution. ...
Salem Poor (c. ...
Civil War
 A company of 4th USCT Infantry The history of African Americans in the U.S. Civil War is marked by 180,000 African Americans comprising 163 units served in the Union Army during the Civil War, and many more African Americans served in the Union Navy. Both free African Americans and runaway slaves joined the fight. Substantially smaller numbers of blacks are recorded to have served on the Confederate side including two units formed in Richmond, Virginia in 1865, however records are scarce and an exact number is not known. A company of 4th USCT Infantry source File links The following pages link to this file: African Americans at Siege of Petersburg History of African Americans in the Civil War Categories: Public domain images | U.S. history images ...
A company of 4th USCT Infantry source File links The following pages link to this file: African Americans at Siege of Petersburg History of African Americans in the Civil War Categories: Public domain images | U.S. history images ...
The American Civil War was fought in the United States from 1861 until 1865 between the northern states, popularly referred to as the U.S., the Union, the North, or the Yankees; and the seceding southern states, commonly referred to as the Confederate States of America, the CSA, the Confederacy...
African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ...
The 21st Michigan Infantry, a company of Shermans veterans. ...
The American Civil War (1861–1865) was fought in North America within the United States of America, between twenty-four mostly northern states of the Union and the Confederate States of America, a coalition of eleven southern states that declared their independence and claimed the right of secession from the...
The Buxton Memorial Fountain, celebrating the emancipation of slaves in the British Empire in 1834, London. ...
Motto: Deo Vindice (Latin: With God As Our Vindicator) Anthem: God Save the South (unofficial) Dixie (popular) Capital Montgomery, Alabama February 4, 1861–May 29, 1861 Richmond, Virginia May 29, 1861–April 9, 1865 Danville, Virginia April 3–April 10, 1865 Largest city New Orleans February 4, 1861 until captured...
Richmond is the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia, in the United States of America. ...
1865 is a common year starting on Sunday. ...
 Map of Confederate and Union States Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1000x781, 87 KB) Summary map of united states during civil war. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1000x781, 87 KB) Summary map of united states during civil war. ...
African American in the Union Military On July 17, 1862, Congress passed two acts allowing the enlistment of African Americans, but official enrollment occurred only after the September, 1862 issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. In general, white soldiers and officers believed that black men lacked the courage to fight and fight well. In October, 1862, African American soldiers of the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteers silenced their critics by repulsing attacking Confederates at the Battle of Island Mound, Missouri. By August, 1863, 14 Negro Regiments were in the field and ready for service. At the Battle of Port Hudson, Louisiana, May 27, 1863, the African American soldiers bravely advanced over open ground in the face of deadly artillery fire. Although the attack failed, the black soldiers proved their capability to withstand the heat of battle. July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 167 days remaining. ...
1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
Congress in Joint Session. ...
This article describes the 1862 United States proclamation freeing slaves in some parts of the U.S. For the 1834 act banning slavery in the colonies of the British Empire, see British emancipation. ...
For other meanings of confederate and confederacy, see confederacy (disambiguation) National Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God our Vindicator) Official language English de facto nationwide Various European and Native American languages regionally Capital Montgomery, Alabama February 4, 1861–May 29, 1861 Richmond, Virginia May 29, 1861–April 9, 1865 Largest...
State nickname: The Show Me State Official languages English Capital Jefferson City Largest city Kansas City (largest metropolitan area is Saint Louis) Governor Matt Blunt (R) Senators Kit Bond (R) Jim Talent (R) Area - Total - % water Ranked 21st 69,709 mi²; 180,693 km² 1. ...
1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. ...
Battle of Port Hudson Conflict American Civil War Date May 21-July 9, 1863 Place East Baton Rouge Parish and East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana Result Union victory The Siege of Port Hudson occurred in 1863 when 30,000 Union Army troops surrounded the Mississippi River town of Port Hudson, Louisiana. ...
State nickname: Pelican State Official languages None; English and French de facto Capital Baton Rouge Largest city New Orleans at last official government census, but probably Baton Rouge since Hurricane Katrina Governor Kathleen Blanco (D) Senators Mary Landrieu (D) David Vitter (R) Area - Total - % water Ranked 31st 134,382 km...
May 27 is the 147th day (148th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 218 days remaining. ...
1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. ...
Historically, artillery refers to any engine used for the discharge of projectiles during war. ...
On July 17, 1863, at Honey Springs, Indian Territory, now Oklahoma, the 1st Kansas Colored fought with courage again. Union troops under General James Blunt ran into a strong Confederate force under General Douglas Cooper. After a two-hour bloody engagement, Cooper's soldiers retreated. The 1st Kansas, which had held the center of the Union line, advanced to within fifty paces of the Confederate line and exchanged fire for some twenty minutes until the Confederates broke and ran. General Blunt wrote after the battle, "I never saw such fighting as was done by the Negro regiment....The question that negroes will fight is settled; besides they make better solders in every respect than any troops I have ever had under my command." July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 167 days remaining. ...
1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. ...
Oklahoma is a state of the United States, lying mostly in the southern Great Plains, and its U.S. postal abbreviation is OK; others abbreviate the states name Okla. ...
James Blunt (born, James Hillier-Blount — February 22, 1974 in Tidworth, Wiltshire) is a British musician whose debut album, Back To Bedlam, and single releases — especially number one hit Youre Beautiful — brought him to fame in 2005. ...
Douglas Cooper (born 1960 in Toronto) is a writer who lives in Manhattan. ...
The most widely known battle fought by African Americans was the assault on Fort Wagner, South Carolina, by the 54th Massachusetts on July 18, 1863. The 54th volunteered to lead the assault on the strongly-fortified Confederate positions. The soldiers of the 54th scaled the fort's parapet, and were only driven back after brutal hand-to-hand combat. The Storming of Fort Wagner Fort Wagner (also called Battery Wagner) was a fortification on Morris Island, South Carolina, that covered the southern approach to Charleston harbor. ...
State nickname: Palmetto State Official languages English Capital Columbia Largest city Columbia Governor Mark Sanford (R) Senators Lindsey Graham (R) Jim DeMint (R) Area - Total - % water Ranked 40th 82,965 km² 6 Population - Total (2000) - Density Ranked 26th 4,012,012 51. ...
July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 166 days remaining. ...
1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. ...
Although black soldiers proved themselves as reputable soldiers, discrimination in pay and other areas remained widespread. According to the Militia Act of 1862, soldiers of African descent were to receive $10.00 a month, plus a clothing allowance of $3.50. Many regiments struggled for equal pay, some refusing any money until June 15, 1864, when Congress granted equal pay for all black soldiers. // CHAP. CCI.— An Act to amend the Act calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections, and repel Invasions, approved February twenty-eight, seventeen hundred and ninety-five, and the Acts amendatory thereof, and for other Purposes. ...
June 15 is the 166th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (167th in leap years), with 199 days remaining. ...
1864 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
African American soldiers participated in every major campaign of 1864-1865 except Sherman's invasion of Georgia. The year 1864 was especially eventful for African American troops. On April 12, 1864, at Battle of Fort Pillow, Tennessee, Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest led his 2,500 men against the Union-held fortification, occupied by 292 black and 285 white soldiers. After driving in the Union pickets and giving the garrison an opportunity to surrender, Forrest's men swarmed into the fort with little difficulty and drove the Federals down the river's bluff into a deadly crossfire. Casualties were high and only sixty-two of the U.S. Colored Troops survived the fight. Many accused the Confederates of perpetuating a massacre of black troops, and the controversy continues today. The battle cry for the Negro soldier east of the Mississippi River became "Remember Fort Pillow!" 1864 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
1865 is a common year starting on Sunday. ...
April 12 is the 102nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (103rd in leap years). ...
1864 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
The Battle of Fort Pillow was fought on April 12, 1864, at Fort Pillow on the Mississippi River in Henning, Tennessee, during the American Civil War. ...
State nickname: Volunteer State Official languages English Capital Nashville Largest city Memphis Governor Phil Bredesen (D) Senators Bill Frist (R) Lamar Alexander (R) Area - Total - % water Ranked 36th 109,247 km² 2. ...
Nathan Bedford Forrest Nathan Bedford Forrest (July 13, 1821 – October 29, 1877), was a Confederate general and perhaps the American Civil Wars most highly regarded cavalry and partisan ranger (guerrilla leader). ...
The United States Colored Troops (USCT) were those regiments of the United States Army during the American Civil War which were made up of African-American soldiers. ...
This page is about the river in the United States; there is also a Canadian Mississippi River (Ontario). ...
The Battle of Chaffin's Farm, Virginia became one of the most heroic engagements involving African Americans. On September 29, 1864, the African American division of the Eighteenth Corps, after being pinned down by Confederate artillery fire for about 30 minutes, charged the earthworks and rushed up the slopes of the heights. During the hour-long engagement the division suffered tremendous casualties. Of the sixteen African Americans who were awarded the Medal of Honor during the Civil War, fourteen received the honor as a result of their actions at New Market Heights. Download high resolution version (888x1266, 271 KB)Christian Fleetwood File links The following pages link to this file: Christian Fleetwood History of African Americans in the Civil War Categories: Public domain images | U.S. history images ...
Download high resolution version (888x1266, 271 KB)Christian Fleetwood File links The following pages link to this file: Christian Fleetwood History of African Americans in the Civil War Categories: Public domain images | U.S. history images ...
Map of Battle of Chaffins Farm The Battle of Chaffins Farm, also known as New Market Heights (September 29–30, 1864), was fought as part of the Siege of Petersburg in the American Civil War. ...
State nickname: Old Dominion Official languages English Capital Richmond Largest city Virginia Beach Governor Mark R. Warner (D) Tim Kaine (D-Governor Elect) Senators John Warner (R) George Allen (R) Area - Total - % water Ranked 35th 110,862 km² 7. ...
September 29 is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years). ...
1864 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
For the computer game, see Medal of Honor (computer game). ...
In actual numbers, African American soldiers comprised 10% of the entire Union Army. Losses among African Americans were high, and from all reported casualties, approximately one-third of all African Americans enrolled in the military lost their lives during the Civil War. The 21st Michigan Infantry, a company of Shermans veterans. ...
African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ...
The American Civil War (1861–1865) was fought in North America within the United States of America, between twenty-four mostly northern states of the Union and the Confederate States of America, a coalition of eleven southern states that declared their independence and claimed the right of secession from the...
African Americans in the Confederate Military Due to the controversial nature of the subject and the poor quality of surviving records, the service of African Americans in the Confederate military is contentious. One estimate by Ed Smith of American University suggests that between 60,000 and 93,000 blacks, both slave and free, served in the confederate military in some capacity, however the vast majority of these were likely teamsters, cooks, musicians, and hospital attendants. [2], See also the American University in Cairo and American University of Beirut American University is a fully accredited and internationally known private coeducational university located at Ward Circle, straddling the Spring Valley and American University Park areas of Northwest Washington, DC. It currently has roughly 5,000 undergraduate students, and...
For most of the war the Confederate Government prohibited the enlistment of African Americans as armed soldiers in the national army. The Confederate Congress authorized salaries for black musicians in 1862, stating "whenever colored persons are employed as musicians in any regiment or company, they shall be entitled to the same pay now allowed by law to musicians regularly enlisted." 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
Some individual states in the confederacy permitted free blacks to enlist as soldiers in their state militias. The first to do so was Tennessee, which passed a law on June 21, 1861 authorizing the recruitment of state militia units composed of "free persons of color" between the ages of 15 and 50. Louisiana, which had a sizable free black population, followed suit and assembled the all-black 1st Louisiana Native Guard. Alabama authorized the enlistment of "mixed blood" creoles in 1862 for a state militia unit in Mobile.[3] State nickname: Volunteer State Official languages English Capital Nashville Largest city Memphis Governor Phil Bredesen (D) Senators Bill Frist (R) Lamar Alexander (R) Area - Total - % water Ranked 36th 109,247 km² 2. ...
June 21 is the 172nd day of the year (173rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 193 days remaining. ...
1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ...
State nickname: Pelican State Official languages None; English and French de facto Capital Baton Rouge Largest city New Orleans at last official government census, but probably Baton Rouge since Hurricane Katrina Governor Kathleen Blanco (D) Senators Mary Landrieu (D) David Vitter (R) Area - Total - % water Ranked 31st 134,382 km...
The 1st Louisiana Native Guard was one of the few regiments of all-black soldiers that fought for the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. ...
State nickname: Camellia State, The Heart of Dixie¹, Yellowhammer State Official languages English Capital Montgomery Largest city Birmingham Governor Bob Riley (R) Senators Richard Shelby (R) Jeff Sessions (R) Area - Total - % water Ranked 30th 52,423 mi²/135,775 km² 3. ...
The term Creole is used with different meanings in different contexts, which can generate confusion. ...
1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
In January, 1864, General Patrick Cleburne and several other Confederate officers in the Army of the Tennessee proposed using slaves as soldiers in the national army since the Union was using black troops. Cleburne recommended offering slaves their freedom if they fought and survived. Confederate President Jefferson Davis refused to consider Cleburne's proposal and forbade further discussion of the idea. Patrick Ronayne Cleburne (March 16 or 17, 1828 – November 30, 1864) was a Major General in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War and a resident of the State of Arkansas. ...
The Army of the Tennessee was a Union army in the American Civil War, named for the Tennessee River. ...
Jefferson Davis (June 3, 1808 – December 6, 1889) was an American soldier and politician. ...
The concept, however, did not die. By the fall of 1864, the South was losing more and more ground, and some believed that only by arming the slaves could defeat be averted. On January 11, 1865 General Robert E. Lee wrote the Confederate Congress urging them to arm and enlist black slaves in exchange for their freedom. On March 13, the Confederate Congress passed General Order 14, and President Davis signed the order into law. The order was issued March 23, 1865, but only a few African American companies were raised, and the war ended before they could be used in battle. Two companies were armed and drilled in the streets of Richmond, Virginia shortly before the besieged southern capital fell. One of the units accompanied General Lee's retreat toward Appomattox and fought at the battle of Amelia, Virginia two days before Lee's surrender. Robert Edward Lee, as a U.S. Army Colonel before the war Robert Edward Lee (January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870) was a career army officer and the most successful general of the Confederate forces during the American Civil War. ...
March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ...
The Confederate Congress was the legislative body of the Confederate States of America, existing during the American Civil War between 1861 and 1865. ...
March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (83rd in Leap years). ...
1865 is a common year starting on Sunday. ...
Richmond is the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia, in the United States of America. ...
From the 1870s to the early 20th Century, African units were utilized by the United States Government to combat the Native Americans during the Indian Wars. Perhaps the most noted among this group were the Buffalo Soldiers. The Spanish-American War took place in 1898, and resulted in the United States of America gaining control over the former colonies of Spain in the Caribbean and Pacific. ...
1870 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
(19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...
The government of the United States, established by the United States Constitution, is a federal republic of 50 states, a few territories and some protectorates. ...
Native Americans is a term which has several different common meanings and scope, according to regional use and context. ...
The Indian Wars were a series of conflicts between the United States and Native American peoples (Indians) of North America. ...
Buffalo Soldiers was the name given by the Plains Indians to the United States Army regiments composed of African-American soldiers that served on the American frontier after the Civil War. ...
At the end of the U.S. Civil War the army reorganized and authorized the formation of two regiments of black cavalry with the designations 9th and 10th U. S. Cavalry. Two regiments of infantry were formed at the same time. These units were composed of black enlisted men commanded by white officers such as Benjamin Grierson, and, occasionally, an African-American officer such as Henry O. Flipper. The American Civil War was fought in the United States from 1861 until 1865 between the northern states, popularly referred to as the U.S., the Union, the North, or the Yankees; and the seceding southern states, commonly referred to as the Confederate States of America, the CSA, the Confederacy...
Italian cavalry officers practice their horsemanship in 1904 outside Rome. ...
Brigadier General Benjamin Henry Grierson (July 8, 1826, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania - August 31, 1911, Omena, Michigan) was an American army officer. ...
Henry Ossian Flipper Henry Ossian Flipper (March 21, 1856-May 3, 1940) was the first African-American cadet to graduate from West Point, on June 15, 1877. ...
From 1866 to the early 1890s these regiments served at a variety of posts in the southwest United States and Great Plains regions. During this period they participated in most of the military campaigns in these areas and earned a distinguished record. Thirteen enlisted men and six officers from these four regiments earned the Medal of Honor during the Indian Wars. In addition to the military campaigns, the "Buffalo Soldiers" served a variety of roles along the frontier from building roads to escorting the U.S. mail. The Great Plains is the broad expanse of prairie which lies east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States of America and Canada, covering all or parts of the U.S. states of New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota and North Dakota and the...
The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States. ...
The Indian Wars were a series of conflicts between the United States and Native American peoples (Indians) of North America. ...
The Spanish American War was the first where a unit of soldiers made up of Americans had an African-American officer, Oliver Law, to lead white soldiers. The Spanish-American War took place in 1898, and resulted in the United States of America gaining control over the former colonies of Spain in the Caribbean and Pacific. ...
Oliver Law (1899-July 9, 1937) was an African American communist, labor organizer and social activist, who fought in the Abraham Lincoln Brigade in the Spanish Civil War. ...
After the Indian Wars ended in the 1890s the regiments continued to serve and participated in the Spanish-American War (including the Battle of San Juan Hill), where five more Medals of Honor were earned. They took part in the 1916 Punitive Expedition into Mexico and in the Philippine-American War. Combatants United States Spain Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties 2,446 combat dead or wounded 5,500 combat dead or wounded {{Campaignbox {{{campaign}}}}} The Spanish-American War took place in 1898, and resulted in the United States of America gaining control over the former colonies of Spain in...
The Battle of San Juan Hill was the bloodiest and most famous battle of the Spanish-American War. ...
The Philippine-American War was a war between the armed forces of the United States and the Philippines from 1899 through 1913. ...
World Wars
 | It is requested that this article (or a section of this article) be expanded. Please remove this notice after the article has been expanded.
Details are elsewhere on this talk page or at Wikipedia:Requests for expansion. Image File history File links Wiki_letter_w. ...
| Many soldiers of color served their country with distinction during World War I and World War II. Famous segregated units, such as the Tuskegee Airmen and U.S. 761st Tank Battalion proved their value in combat, leading to desegregation of all US Armed Forces by order of President Harry S. Truman in July of 1948 via Executive Order 9981. World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machine guns, and poison gas. ...
World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrination, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atomic bomb. ...
Tuskegee Airmen The Tuskegee Airmen was the popular name of a group of African American pilots who flew with distinction for the United States Army Air Corps during World War II. // Beginnings Prior to the Tuskegee Airmen all combat pilots had been white. ...
The 761st Tank Battalion, was a United States Army segregated combat tank battalion during World War II. Nicknamed after their crest patch, the Black Panthers motto was Come out fighting. 761st Shoulder Patch 761st Black Panther Crest // Prior to combat Before and during World War II, most military leaders...
Desegregation is the process of ending racial segregation, most commonly used in reference to the United States. ...
Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the thirty-fourth Vice President (1945) and the thirty-third President of the United States (1945–53), succeeding to the office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. ...
1948 (MCMXLVIII) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...
On July 26, 1948, US President Harry S. Truman issued Executive Order 9981 establishing equality of treatment and opportunity in the Armed Services for people of all races. ...
Vietnam War See main article Vietnam War The Vietnam War or Second Indochina War was a conflict between the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN, or North Vietnam), allied with the National Liberation Front (NLF, or Viet Cong) against the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, or South Vietnam), and its allies — notably the United States military in support of...
Gulf War See main article Gulf War C Company, 1st Battalion, The Staffordshire Regiment, 1st UK Armoured Division The 1991 Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of approximately 30 nations mandated by the United Nations and led by the United States. ...
See main article War in Iraq There have been three conflicts in the late 20th century and early 21st century called Gulf War, all of which refer to conflicts in the Persian Gulf region: Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) (aka First Gulf War). ...
There have been three conflicts in the late 20th century and early 21st century called Gulf War, all of which refer to conflicts in the Persian Gulf region: Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) (aka First Gulf War). ...
See also African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ...
Benjamin O. Davis Sr. ...
Martin Robison Delany (May 6, 1812 - 1885) was the First Afro-American Field Officer in the United States Army. ...
Henry Ossian Flipper Henry Ossian Flipper (March 21, 1856-May 3, 1940) was the first African-American cadet to graduate from West Point, on June 15, 1877. ...
General Daniel Chappie James, Jr. ...
The Military history of the United States spans a period of less than two and a half centuries. ...
The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a war fought primarily between Great Britain and revolutionaries within thirteen of her North American colonies. ...
The Spanish-American War took place in 1898, and resulted in the United States of America gaining control over the former colonies of Spain in the Caribbean and Pacific. ...
The American Civil War was fought in the United States from 1861 until 1865 between the northern states, popularly referred to as the U.S., the Union, the North, or the Yankees; and the seceding southern states, commonly referred to as the Confederate States of America, the CSA, the Confederacy...
The Vietnam War or Second Indochina War was a conflict between the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN, or North Vietnam), allied with the National Liberation Front (NLF, or Viet Cong) against the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, or South Vietnam), and its allies — notably the United States military in support of...
World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machine guns, and poison gas. ...
World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrination, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atomic bomb. ...
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