The African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (Portuguese: Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde) or PAIGC is a political party that governed Guinea-Bissau from independence in 1974 until the late 1990s and from 2004 to 2005. Currently it is the party with the largest number of seats in the National People's Assembly. It became part of a governing coalition in 2007 with PAIGC member Martinho Ndafa Kabi serving as prime minister. Carlos Domingos Gomes Júnior (born 1949) is the prime minister of Guinea-Bissau. ... This is an overview of the ideologies of parties. ... Marxism is both the theory and the political practice (that is, the praxis) derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ... Eugène Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolising French nationalism during the July Revolution 1830. ... A political party is a political organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The unicameral National Peoples Assembly of Guinea-Bissau is the countrys legislative body. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Martinho Ndafa Kabi (born September 17, 1957[1]) has been the Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau since 13 April 2007. ...

National revolutionary struggle

For more details on this topic, see Guinea-Bissau War of Independence.

A PAIGC soldier with an AK-47.

Amílcar Cabral founded the party with his brother Luís in then-Portuguese Guinea in 1956, advocating the independence of Cape Verde and Portuguese Guinea from Portugal.^[1] ... PAIGC soldiers in Guinea-Bissau. ... PAIGC soldiers in Guinea-Bissau. ... Avtomat Kalashnikova model 1947 g. ... Amílcar Lopes Cabral (September 21, 1924 – January 20, 1973) was an African agronomic engineer, writer and nationalist politician. ... Luís de Almeida Cabral (born 10 April 1931), the first President of Guinea-Bissau, served from 1973 to 1980, when a military coup détat deposed him. ... Portuguese Guinea was the name for what is today Guinea-Bissau from 1446 to September 10, 1974. ... A car from 1956 Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Portuguese Guinea was the name for what is today Guinea-Bissau from 1446 to September 10, 1974. ...

In the 1950s Portuguese Guinea was the poorest and least developed Portuguese colony in Africa, though it was prized for its strategic position, as it acted as a stepping stone from Portugal to her colonies in Mozambique and Angola. The 1950s decade refers to the years 1950 to 1959 inclusive. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ...

In 1959 the Pijiguiti Massacre took place, with Portuguese soldiers opened fire on protesting dockworkers, killing 50. This massacre caused a large segment of the population to swing towards the PAIGC's push for independence. Portugal, however, still considered the PAIGC to be irrelevant, and took no serious action in trying to suppress it. Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The nationalist movement in Cape Verde appeared less fervent than in Portugals other African holdings. ...

In 1961 the FRELIMO in Mozambique, the MPLA of Angola and the PAIGC formed the Conferência das Organizações Nacionalistas das Colónias Portuguesas (Portuguese: Conference of Nationalist Organisations of the Portuguese Colonies), a common party to coordinate the struggles for independence of Portuguese colonies across Africa. The three groups were often represented at international events by the CONCP. Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Mozambican Liberation Front (FRELIMO, pronounced fray-LEE-moo; Portuguese: Frente de Libertação de Moçambique) is a political party that has ruled Mozambique since independence in 1975. ... The MPLA flag The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (Movimiento Popular de Libertação de Angola) is an Angolan political party that has ruled the country since independence in 1975. ... Conferência das Organizações Nacionalistas das Colónias Portuguesas (Conference of Nationalist Organizations of the Portuguese Colonies), an organization for cooperation between the national liberation movements in the Portuguese colonies in Africa. ... An anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999). ...

The PAIGC was originally a peaceful movement, their first strategy being requests for the Portuguese to peacefully withdraw from their Guinea colony. As this failed, however, the PAIGC turned to more violent measures to achieve independence.

Armed struggle against the Portuguese began in March 1962 with an abortive attack by PAIGC guerillas on Praia. Guerrilla warfare was largely concentrated to the mainland Guinea, however, as logistical reasons prevented an armed struggle on the Cape Verde islands. On the Cape Verde islands PAIGC worked in a clandestine manner. After being nearly crippled militarily, Amílcar Cabral ordered that sabotage be the PAIGC's main weapon until military strength could be regained. Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Praia (disambiguation). ... Guerrilla redirects here. ... Look up Logistics in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Sabotage (disambiguation). ...

In January 1963 Cabral declared full scale war against the Portuguese, and on January 23, the Portuguese fortress at Tite came under heavy gunfire from PAIGC guerillas. Frequent attacks in the north also took place. In that same month, attacks on police stations in Fulacunda and Buba were carried out not only by the PAIGC but also by the FLING. For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Tite can refer to: William Tite (1798–1873), english architect; Tite Curet Alonso (1926–2003), portorican composer of over 2000 salsa songs; Adenor Leonardo Bacchi (born 1961), brazilian footballer, trainer and chief manager; Tite Kubo (born 1977), Japanese manga artist. ... Frente de Luta pela Independência Nacional da Guiné (Struggle Front for the National Independence of Guinea), a political movement in Guinea-Bissau. ...

In the context of the ongoing Cold War, PAIGC guerillas received Kalashnikovs from the USSR, bazookas from Cuba and recoilless rifles from the People's Republic of China. Guerillas were also trained in these countries. For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... Avtomat Kalashnikova model 1947 g. ... For other uses, see Bazooka (disambiguation). ... An early naval cannon design, allowing the gun to roll backwards a small distance when firing The recoil when firing a gun is the backward momentum of a gun, which is equal to the forward momentum of the bullet or shell, due to conservation of momentum. ...

The first party congress took place at liberated Cassaca in February 1964, in which both the political and military arms of the PAIGC were assessed and reorganized, with a regular army (Revolutionary Armed Forces of the People, FARP) to supplement the guerilla forces (The People's Guerillas). Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator). ... Revolutionary Armed Forces of the People (in Portuguese: Forças Armadas Revolucionarias do Povo), the armed wing of PAIGC during the struggle against Portuguese colonial rule in Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde. ...

Como Island was the site of a major battle between PAIGC and Portuguese forces, in which the PAIGC took control of the island and resisted fierce counterattacks by the Portuguese, including airstrikes by FAP (Portuguese: Forca Aerea Portuguesa; Portuguese Air Force) F-86 Sabres. For other uses, see Battle (disambiguation). ... The North American F-86 Sabre (sometimes called the Sabrejet) was a transonic combat aircraft developed for the US Air Force. ...

Throughout the war the Portuguese handled themselves poorly. It took them a long time to finally take the PAIGC seriously, diverting aircraft and troops based in Guinea to the conflicts in Mozambique and Angola, and by the time that the Portuguese government began to realise that the PAIGC was a significant threat to their continued rule over Guinea, it was too late. Very little was done to curtail the guerilla operations; the Portuguese didn't try to sever the link between the populace and the PAIGC until very late in the war, and as a result, it became very dangerous for Portuguese troops to operate far from their fortresses.

Following the loss of Como Island, the Portuguese army, navy and the FAP began Operation Tridente, a combined arms operation to retake the island. The PAIGC fought fiercely, and the Portuguese took heavy casualties and gained ground slowly. Combined arms is an approach to warfare which seeks to integrate different arms of a military to achieve mutually complementary effects. ...

Finally, after 71 days of fighting and 851 FAP combat sorties, the island was taken back by the Portuguese. However, less than two months later, the PAIGC would retake the island, as the Portuguese operation to capture it had depleted much of their invasion force, leaving the island vulnerable.

Como Island ceased to be of strategic importance to Portugal following establishment of new PAIGC positions in the south, especially on the Cantanhez and Quitafine Peninsulas. Large numbers of Portuguese troops on these peninsulas were encircled and besieged by guerrillas.

In 1966 Amílcar Cabral attended the Conferencia Tricontinental Enero in Havana and made a great impression on Fidel Castro. As a result of this, Cuba agreed to supply Artillery Experts, Doctors and Technicians to assist in the Independence Struggle. The head of the Cuban Military Mission was Victor Dreke.^[2] Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... Amílcar Lopes Cabral (September 21, 1924 – January 20, 1973) was an African agronomic engineer, writer and nationalist politician. ... This article is about the capital of Cuba. ... Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born on August 13, 1926) is the current President of Cuba but on indefinite medical hiatus. ... Víctor Emilio Dreke Cruz (born 1937) is a Cuban Communist leader and a General in the Revolutionary Armed Forces. ...

By 1967 the PAIGC had carried out 147 attacks on Portuguese barracks and army encampments, and effectively controlled 2/3rd of Portuguese Guinea. The following year, Portugal began a new campaign against the guerillas with the arrival of the new governor of the colony, António de Spínola. Spínola began a massive construction campaign, building schools, hospitals, new housing and improving communications and the road system, in an attempt to gain public favour in Guinea. Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... António Sebastião Ribeiro Spínola, GCTE (pron. ... Students in Rome, Italy. ... For the town in the Republic of Ireland, see Hospital, County Limerick. ... Houses in Fishpool Street, St Albans, England For other meanings of the word house, see House (disambiguation). ... Copy of the original phone of Alexander Graham Bell at the Musée des Arts et Métiers in Paris Telecommunication is the assisted transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. ... For other uses, see Road (disambiguation). ...

However, in 1970 the FAP began to use similar weapons to those the US was using in the Vietnam War: napalm and defoliants, the former to destroy guerillas when they could find them, the latter to decrease the number of ambushes that occurred when they could not. Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... A simulated Napalm explosion during MCAS Air Show in 2003. ... For other uses, see Agent Orange (disambiguation). ...

Spínola's tenure as governor marked a turning point in the war: Portugal began to win battles, and in a daring raid on Conakry, in the neighbouring Republic of Guinea, 400 amphibious troops attacked the city and freed hundreds of Portuguese prisoners of war kept there by the PAIGC. Conakry or Konakry (Malinké: KÉ”nakiri) is the capital and largest city of Guinea. ... The Republic of Guinea (République de Guinée) is a nation in northwest Africa. ... Geneva Convention definition A prisoner of war (POW) is a soldier, sailor, airman, or marine who is imprisoned by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. ...

The USSR and Cuba began to send more weapons to Portuguese Guinea via Nigeria, notably several Ilyushin Il-14 aircraft to use as bombers. Il-14M This article is about the airplane; for information on the cytokine for stimulating the growth of T cell lymphocytes, see Interleukin 14. ...

In January 1973, a crushing blow was dealt to the PAIGC: its leader, Amílcar Cabral, was assassinated, not by the Portuguese, but rather by a disgruntled former associate^{[citation needed]}. Independence was unilaterally declared on September 24, 1973 and was recognized by a 93-7 UN General Assembly vote in November [1], unprecedented as it denounced illegal Portuguese aggression and occupation and was prior to complete control and Portuguese recognition. For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... Assassin and Assassins redirect here. ... is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ...

Though the Portuguese army in the Guinea colony began to start winning battles more frequently, the government in Lisbon was on the verge of bankruptcy, and in 1974, following a coup d'état, the Portuguese government began to negotiate with the PAIGC, and on September 10, independence was granted; Luís Cabral, brother of Amilcar, became the country's first president. For other uses, see Lisbon (disambiguation). ... Notice of closure stuck on the door of a computer store the day after its parent company, Granville Technology Group Ltd, declared bankruptcy (strictly, put into administration—see text) in the United Kingdom. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... Coup redirects here. ... is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Luís de Almeida Cabral (born 10 April 1931), the first President of Guinea-Bissau, served from 1973 to 1980, when a military coup détat deposed him. ...

1,875 Portuguese soldiers (out of 35,000 stationed in Portuguese Guinea) and some 6,000 (out of 10,000) PAIGC troops were killed by the end of the 11 year war.

Post-independence history

After achieving independence, PAIGC was instituted as the sole legal political party of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde. Luís Cabral became the president of Guinea-Bissau. PAIGC strived for a union between Guinea-Bissua and Cape Verde, but in 1980 the union finally broke down, following the military take-over by João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira against Cabral, who was of Capeverdean origin. The Cape Verdean branch of PAIGC was converted into a separate party, the African Independence Party of Cape Verde (PAICV). João Bernardo Vieira João Bernardo Nino Vieira (born 27 April 1939 in Bissau) has been President of Guinea-Bissau since 1 October 2005. ... Martinho Ndafa Kabi (born September 17, 1957[1]) has been the Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau since 13 April 2007. ... The unicameral National Peoples Assembly of Guinea-Bissau is the countrys legislative body. ... Politics of Guinea-Bissau Categories: Election related stubs | Elections in Guinea-Bissau ... Legislative elections were held in Guinea-Bissau, in west Africa, on March 28, 2004. ... Guinea-Bissau held a presidential election on 19 June 2005, and a second round run-off vote was held on 24 July. ... Political parties in Guinea-Bissau lists political parties in Guinea-Bissau. ... Guinea-Bissau is divided into nine regions (singular: região, plural: regiões) (capitals in parentheses)- Bafatá Region (Bafatá) Biombo Region (Quinhámel) Bissau Region (Bissau) Bolama Region (Bolama) Cacheu Region (Cacheu) Gabú Region (Gabú) Oio Region (Farim) Quinara Region (Buba) Tombali Region (Catió) Categories: | ... The Regions of Guinea-Bissau are subdivided into 37 sectors. ... The Republic of Guinea-Bissau follows a nonaligned foreign policy and seeks friendly and cooperative relations with a wide variety of states and organizations. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... João Bernardo Vieira João Bernardo Nino Vieira (born 27 April 1939 in Bissau) has been President of Guinea-Bissau since 1 October 2005. ... The African Party of Independence of Cape Verde (Partido Africano da Independência de Cabo Verde, PAICV) is a political party in Cape Verde. ...

The youth wing of PAIGC is called African Youth Amilcar Cabral (Juventude Africana Amilcar Cabral) and the women's wing is called Democratic Union of the Women of Guinea (União Democrática das Mulheres da Guiné). African Youth Amilcar Cabral (in Portuguese: Juventude Africana Amilcar Cabral) is the youth wing of PAIGC in Guinea-Bissau. ...

Under Vieira, the party continued to govern the country in the 1980s and 1990s. In 1994 the first multiparty elections were held, and Vieira won the presidential election against opposition candidate Kumba Yala of the Party for Social Renewal (PRS) while the PAIGC won 62 out of 100 parliamentary seats, with 46% of the vote.^[3] Kumba Ialá (also spelled Yala) (born 15 March 1953) is a Guinea-Bissau politician and former President. ... The Party for Social Renewal (Partido para a Renovaçao Social) is a political party in Guinea-Bissau. ...

An outbreak of civil war in June 1998 eventually led to the ouster of Vieira in May 1999.^[4] Vieira was expelled from PAIGC, which he had headed, at a party congress in September 1999 for "treasonable offences, support and incitement to warfare, and practices incompatible with the statutes of the party". Francisco Benante, the leader of reformists within the party and the only civilian in the transitional military junta, was elected as the President of PAIGC at this congress.^[5] The PAIGC won the third highest number of seats in the November 1999 parliamentary election, and its presidential candidate, Malam Bacai Sanhá, was defeated by Yala.^[4] The Guinea-Bissau Civil War was triggered by an attempted coup against the government of President João Bernardo Vieira led by Brigadier-General Ansumane Mané. João Bernardo “Nino” Vieira, President of Guinea-Bissau (1980-1999) // Pre-Conflict Tension In January 1998, ten separatists from the Senegalese region of... Malam Bacai Sanhá (born 5 May 1947) is a Guinea-Bissau politician and former acting President. ...

In the 2004 legislative elections, held on 28 and 30 March 2004, the PAIGC was the largest single political party, winning 31.45 % of the popular vote and 45 out of 100 seats.^[6] It formed a government in May 2004, with the party's leader, Carlos Gomes Júnior, becoming prime minister. In the 2005 presidential election, PAIGC candidate Malam Bacai Sanhá won 35.45 % in the first round. He was defeated in the second round by João Bernardo Vieira, who had returned from exile and ran as an independent. Sanhá won 46.65 % of the vote, while Vieira won 52.35 %. A few weeks after taking office, Vieira dismissed Carlos Gomes Júnior as prime minister on 28 October 2005, and on 2 November he appointed Aristides Gomes, who had formerly been a high ranking member of PAIGC but split with the party to support Vieira, in his place. Legislative elections were held in Guinea-Bissau, in west Africa, on March 28, 2004. ... Carlos Domingos Gomes Júnior (born 1949) is the prime minister of Guinea-Bissau. ... Guinea-Bissau held a presidential election on 19 June 2005, and a second round run-off vote was held on 24 July. ... Malam Bacai Sanhá (born 5 May 1947) is a Guinea-Bissau politician and former acting President. ... is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Aristides Gomes (born 8 November 1954) is the current Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau. ...

In March 2007, the PAIGC formed a three-party alliance with the PRS and the United Social Democratic Party, and the three parties sought to form a new government.^[7] This led to a successful no-confidence vote against Aristides Gomes and his resignation late in the month; on 9 April, the choice of the three parties for the position of prime minister, Martinho Ndafa Kabi, was appointed as prime minister by Vieira,^[8] and on 17 April a new government was named, composed of ministers from the three parties.^[9] Kabi is a leading member of PAIGC; he was elected as the party's Third Vice-President in 2002.^[10] The United Social Democratic Party (Partido Unido Social Democrático) is a political party in Guinea-Bissau. ... is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Martinho Ndafa Kabi (born September 17, 1957[1]) has been the Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau since 13 April 2007. ... is the 107th day of the year (108th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

On 12 February 2008, amidst serious divisions within the party, the Central Committee announced that PAIGC would hold its Seventh Ordinary Congress on 3 April 2008 in Gabu. The Congress is intended to elect the party leadership, settle the internal disputes, and prepare for the 2008 parliamentary election. Carlos Gomes Júnior, the incumbent President of PAIGC, and Malam Bacai Sanhá, the party's presidential candidate in 2000 and 2005, are both seeking the party's presidency.^[11] A third candidate, former President of the PAIGC Parliamentary Group Cipriano Cassama, is also running; he deplored a dispute between Gomes and Kabi that he said was undermining the party.^[12] PAIGC also still faces internal dissent from supporters of Vieira.^[11] is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... For the empire, see Kaabu. ...

PAIGC withdrew its backing for Kabi on February 29, 2008, saying that this was done "to avoid acts of indiscipline threatening cohesion and unity in the party".^[13] February 29 is a day added into a leap year of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ...

External links

• Official PAIGC website, in Portuguese