Yoruba bronze head sculpture, Ife, Nigeria c. 12th century A.D.

Makonde carving c.1974

Velours from Kasai

A sculpture in ebony

Another carving in ebony

African art constitutes one of the most diverse legacies on earth. Though many casual observers tend to generalize "traditional" African art, the continent is full of peoples, societies, and civilizations, each with a unique visual special culture. The definition also includes the art of the African diasporas, such as the art of African Americans. Despite this diversity, there are some unifying artistic themes when considering the totality of the visual culture from the continent of Africa.^[1] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Download high resolution version (640x853, 58 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (640x853, 58 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1096x936, 368 KB) Summary Velour du Kasaï Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: African art ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1096x936, 368 KB) Summary Velour du Kasaï Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: African art ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (944x1852, 263 KB) Summary Photo by MisterMatt. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (944x1852, 263 KB) Summary Photo by MisterMatt. ... For other uses, see Ebony (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1877x1000, 759 KB) Summary The sculpture belongs to Harrington Ingham. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1877x1000, 759 KB) Summary The sculpture belongs to Harrington Ingham. ... The African diaspora is the diaspora created by the movements and cultures of Africans and their descendants throughout the world, to places such as the Americas, (including the United States, Canada, the Caribbean, Central America, and South America); Europe and Asia. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... Visual culture is a field of study that generally includes some combination of cultural studies, art history, and anthropology, by focusing on aspects of culture that rely on visual images. ...

• Emphasis on the human figure: The human figure is the primary subject matter for most African art. In historical periods involving trade between Africa and Europe, the introduction of the human body into existing European pottery and other art forms can reliably be taken as evidence of contact with African cultures. For example in the fifteenth century Portugal traded with the Sapi culture near the Ivory Coast in West Africa, who created elaborate ivory saltcellars that were hybrids of African and European designs, most notably in the addition of the human figure (the human figure typically did not appear in Portuguese saltcellars).

• Visual abstraction: African artworks tend to favor visual abstraction over naturalistic representation. This is because many African artworks, and generalize stylistic norms. ^[2] Ancient Egyptian art, also usually thought of as naturalistically depictive, makes use of highly abstracted and regimented visual canons, especially in painting, as well as the use of different colors to represent the qualities and characteristics of an individual being depicted. ^[3]

• Emphasis on sculpture: African artists tend to favor three-dimensional artworks over two-dimensional works. Even many African paintings or cloth works were meant to be experienced three-dimensionally. House paintings are often seen as a continuous design wrapped around a house, forcing the viewer to walk around the work to experience it fully; while decorated cloths are worn as decorative or ceremonial garments, transforming the wearer into a living sculpture.

• Emphasis on performance art: An extension of the utilitarianism and three-dimensionality of traditional African art is the fact that much of it is crafted for use in performance contexts, rather than in static ones. For example, masks and costumes very often are used in communal, ceremonial contexts, where they are "danced." Most societies in Africa have names for their masks, but this single name incorporates not only the sculpture, but also the meanings of the mask, the dance associated with it, and the spirits that reside within. In African thought, the three cannot be differentiated.

Area of influence

African art has a long and surprisingly controversial history. Up until recently, the designation "African" was usually only bestowed on the arts of "Black Africa", the peoples living in Sub-Saharan Africa. The non-black peoples of North Africa, the blacks of the Horn of Africa, as well as the art of Ancient Egypt, generally were not included under the rubric of African art. Recently, however, there has been a movement among African art historians and other scholars to include the visual culture of these areas, since all the cultures that produced them, in fact, are located within the geographic boundaries of the African continent. The notion is that by including all African cultures and their visual culture in African art, laypersons will gain a greater understanding of the continent's cultural diversity. Since there was often a confluence of traditional African, Islamic and Mediterranean cultures, scholars have found that drawing distinct divisions between Muslim areas, ancient Egypt, the Mediterranean and indigenous black African societies makes little sense. Finally, the arts of the people of the African diaspora, prevalent in Brazil, the Caribbean and the southeastern United States, have also begun to be included in the study of African art. Satellite image of Africa, showing the ecological break that defines the sub-Saharan area African countries considered sub-Saharan Sub-Saharan Africa is a geographical term used to describe the area of the African continent which lies south of the Sahara, or those African countries which are fully or partially...  Northern Africa (UN subregion)  geographic, including above North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Africa. ... The Horn of Africa. ... The pyramids are the most recognizable symbols of the civilization of ancient Egypt. ... The African diaspora is the diaspora created by the movements and cultures of Africans and their descendants throughout the world, to places such as the Americas, (including the United States, Canada, the Caribbean, Central America, and South America); Europe and Asia. ... West Indies redirects here. ...

History

The origins of African art lie long before recorded history. African rock art in the Sahara in Niger preserves 6000-year-old carvings.^[4] The earliest known sculptures are from the Nok culture of Nigeria, made around 500 BCE. Along with sub-Saharan Africa, the cultural arts of the western tribes, ancient Egyptian artifacts, and indigenous southern crafts also contributed greatly to African art. Often depicting the abundance of surrounding nature, the art was often abstract interpretations of animals, plant life, or natural designs and shapes. This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC - 470s BC - 460s BC - 450s BC Events and trends September 13, 509 BC - The temple of Jupiter on Romes Capitoline Hill is... The pyramids are the most recognizable symbols of the civilization of ancient Egypt. ...

More complex methods of producing art were developed sub-Saharan Africa around the 10th century, some of the most notable advancements include the bronzework of Igbo Ukwu and the terracottas and metalworks of Ile Ife Bronze and brass castings, often ornamented with ivory and precious stones, became highly prestigious in much of West Africa, sometimes being limited to the work of court artisans and identified with royalty, as with the Benin Bronzes. As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... Igbo-Ukwu Ceremonial mask. ... A bronze cast depicting the head of an Ooni, or king, from 1100s-1200s Ife. ... This article is about the metal alloy. ... Brazen redirects here. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A gemstone is a mineral, rock (as in lapis lazuli) or petrified material that when cut or faceted and polished is collectible or can be used in jewellery. ...  Western Africa (UN subregion)  Maghreb[1] West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ... This article is about the monarchy-related concept. ... The Benin Bronzes are a collection of more than 1,000 brass plaques from the royal palace of the Kingdom of Benin. ...

Influence on Western art

At the start of the twentieth century, artists like Picasso, Matisse, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin and Modigliani became aware of, and inspired by, African art. In a situation where the established avant garde was straining against the constraints imposed by serving the world of appearances, African Art demonstrated the power of supremely well organised forms; produced not only by responding to the faculty of sight, but also and often primarily, the faculty of imagination, emotion and mystical and religious experience. These artists saw in African Art a formal perfection and sophistication unified with phenomenal expressive power. The study of and response to African Art, by artists at the beginning of the twentieth century facilitated an explosion of interest in the abstraction, organisation and reorganisation of forms, and the exploration of emotional and psychological areas hitherto unseen in Western Art. By these means, the status of visual art was changed. Art ceased to be merely and primarily aesthetic, but became also a true medium for philosophic and intellectual discourse, and hence more truly and profoundly aesthetic than ever before.^{[citation needed]} Picasso redirects here. ... Henri Matisse (December 31, 1869 – November 3, 1954) was a French artist, noted for his use of color and his fluid, brilliant and original draughtsmanship. ... van Gogh redirects here. ... Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903) was a leading Post-Impressionist painter. ... Amedeo Clemente Modigliani (July 12, 1884 – January 24, 1920) was an Italian artist, practicing both painting and sculpture, who pursued his career for the most part in France. ... Aesthetics (or esthetics) (from the Greek word αισθητική) is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty. ...

Traditional art

Traditional art describes the most popular and studied forms of African art which are typically found in museum collections. For other uses, see Museum (disambiguation). ...

Wooden masks, which might either be human or animal or of mythical creatures, are one of the most commonly found forms of art in western Africa. In their original contexts, ceremonial masks are used for celebrations, initiations, crop harvesting, and war preparation. The masks are worn by a chosen or initiated dancer. During the mask ceremony the dancer goes into deep trance, and during this state of mind he "communicates" with his ancestors. The masks can be worn in three different ways: vertically covering the face: as helmets, encasing the entire head, and as crest, resting upon the head, which was commonly covered by material as part of the disguise. African masks often represent a spirit and it is strongly believed that the spirit of the ancestors possesses the wearer. Most African masks are made with wood, and can be decorated with: Ivory, animal hair, plant fibers (such as raffia), pigments (like kaolin), stones, and semi-precious gems also are included in the masks. For other uses, see Mask (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Kaolin Kaolinite (Aluminium Silicate Hydroxide) Kaolinite is a mineral with the chemical composition Al2Si2O5(OH)4. ... For other uses, see Gemstone (disambiguation). ...

Statues, usually of wood or ivory, are often inlaid with cowrie shells, metal studs and nails. Decorative clothing is also commonplace and comprises another large part of African art. Among the most complex of African textiles is the colorful, strip-woven Kente cloth of Ghana. Boldly patterned mudcloth is another well known technique. Cowry shells (also spelled cowrie), are marine snails of the genus Cypraea (family Cypraeidae), found chiefly in tropical regions, especially around the Maldives or the East Indies. ... A man weaves kente cloth using a traditional loom in Bonwire village, Ashanti region, Ghana. ... A Mud Cloth Shirt Bogolan Mud Cloth Bògòlanfini (sometimes bogolan) is a traditional Malian fabric dyed with fermented mud, particularly associated with the Bambara. ...

Contemporary art

Sculpture. Medium: wood. Attributed to Zimbabwean artist Gideon Chidongo, 4th quarter of 20th century.

Africa is home to a great and thriving contemporary art culture. This has been sadly understudied until recently, due to scholars' and art collectors' emphasis on traditional art. Notable modern artists include Zerihun Yetmgeta, Odhiambo Siangla, Olu Oguibe, Lubaina Himid, and Bill Bidjocka. Art biennials are held in Dakar, Senegal, and Johannesburg, South Africa. Many contemporary African artists are represented in museum collections, and their art may sell for high prices at art auctions. Despite this, many contemporary African artists tend to have difficult times finding a market for their work. Many contemporary African arts borrow heavily from traditional predecessors. Ironically, this emphasis on abstraction is seen by Westerners as an imitation of European and American cubist and totemic artists, such as Pablo Picasso, Amedeo Modigliani and Henri Matisse, who, in actuality were heavily influenced by traditional African art. This became the first step of evolution in Western art where people started becoming more open-minded and came out of their shell to explore the different aspects of art.^{[citation needed]} Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (927x1980, 221 KB)Sculpture, attributed to Gideon Chidongo, Zimbabwe, 2nd half of 20th century. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (927x1980, 221 KB)Sculpture, attributed to Gideon Chidongo, Zimbabwe, 2nd half of 20th century. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Olu Oguibe is a Nigerian-American artist and public intellectual. ... Look up Biennial in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Biennial is a term referring to a period of two years, much in the same way centennial refers to 100 years. ... (City of Dakar, divided into 19 communes darrondissement) City proper (commune) Région Dakar Département Dakar Mayor Pape Diop (PDS) (since 2002) Area 82. ... This article is about the city in South Africa. ... An auctioneer and her assistants scan the crowd for bidders An auction is a process of buying and selling goods by offering them up for bid, taking bids, and then selling the item to the winning bidder. ... Picasso redirects here. ... Amedeo Clemente Modigliani (July 12, 1884 – January 24, 1920) was an Italian artist, practicing both painting and sculpture, who pursued his career for the most part in France. ... Henri Matisse (December 31, 1869 – November 3, 1954) was a French artist, noted for his use of color and his fluid, brilliant and original draughtsmanship. ...

Comtemporary African Art was pioneered in London by the October Gallery in London and many famous collectors like Jean Pigozzi and Gianni Baiocchi in Rome taught other Art collectors like Olivier Doria d'Angri the secrets of collecting nice and cheap works. Exhibiting artists at the Venice Biennale (every calendar year) and Documenta helped the movement ready to benefit from the explosion in auctions Art prices. Of course works do not come for free but are extremely cheap to buy or easy to find, get. Recently online video games installations have also taken part in the price action. It is noy unreasonable to envisage further positive developments thanks to the sponsoring of web sites, Casinos and listed companies from South Africa, acting as a hub for all the continent's works. Other emerging artists from Australia , Canada, Japan, China and Europe have also had the same slow start, but, once the people realised how cheap the works were compared to the USA contemporary Art theatre, then the movement began a fast trajectory to visibility and success.

By country

Botswana

In the northern part of Botswana, tribal women in the villages of Etsha and Gumare are noted for their skill at crafting baskets from Mokola Palm and local dyes. The baskets are generally woven into three types: large, lidded baskets used for storage large, open baskets for carrying objects on the head or for winnowing threshed grain, and smaller plates for winnowing pounded grain. The artistry of these baskets is being steadily enhanced through color use and improved designs as they are increasingly produced for commercial use. Gumare is a town located in the North-West District of Botswana. ... Four styles of household basket. ... Look up dye in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The oldest evidence ancient paintings from both Botswana and South Africa. Depictions of hunting, both animal and human figures were made by the Khoisan (Kung San!/Bushmen dating before civilization over 20,000 years old within the Kalahari desert. This article is about modern humans. ... Khoisan (increasingly commonly spelled Khoesan or Khoe-San) is the name for two major ethnic groups of southern Africa. ... |group = Bushmen |image = |poptime = 82,000 |popplace = Botswana (55,000), Namibia (27,000) |rels = San Religion |langs = various Khoisan languages |related = Khoikhoi, Xhosa, Zulu, Griqua }} The Bushmen, San, Basarwa, ǃKung or Khwe are indigenous people of the Kalahari Desert, which spans areas of South Africa, Botswana, Namibia and Angola. ... The Kalahari Desert is a large, arid to semi-arid sandy area in southern Africa that covers about 500,000 km². It covers 70% of Botswana, and parts of Zimbabwe, Namibia and South Africa. ...

Côte d'Ivoire

"Childsoldier in the Ivory Coast", Gilbert G. Groud, 2007, mixed materials: tusche and wax crayon

The Baoulé, the Senoufo and the Dan peoples are skilled at carving wood and each culture produces wooden masks in wide variety. The Côte d'Ivorian peoples use masks to represent animals in caricature to depict deities, or to represent the souls of the departed. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 487 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1080 × 1329 pixel, file size: 179 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Côte dIvoire Military use... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 487 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1080 × 1329 pixel, file size: 179 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Côte dIvoire Military use... A Chinese Nationalist soldier, age 10, member of a Chinese division boarding planes in Myitkyina (Burma) bound for China, May 1944. ... Côte dIvoire (often called Ivory Coast in English; see below about the name) is a country in West Africa. ... October 2006 in Switzerland Gilbert G. Groud (* ~1956 in Toulepleu, Côte dIvoire) is a painter, illustrator and author from Côte dIvoire. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Map showing the approximate distribution of Senufo peoples and some neighbouring peoples in Mali, Côte dIvoire, Burkina Faso and Ghana. ... Look up Dan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Mask (disambiguation). ... For the book of comics by Daniel Clowes, see Caricature (Daniel Clowes collection). ...

As the masks are held to be of great spiritual power, it is considered a taboo for anyone other than specially trained persons or chosen ones to wear or possess certain masks.

These ceremonial masks each are thought to have a soul, or life force, and wearing these masks is thought to transform the wearer into the entity the mask represents.

Côte d'Ivoire also has modern painters and illustrators. Gilbert G. Groud criticizes the ancient beliefs in black magic, as held with the spiritual masks mentioned above, in his illustrated book Magie Noire. October 2006 in Switzerland Gilbert G. Groud (* ~1956 in Toulepleu, Côte dIvoire) is a painter, illustrator and author from Côte dIvoire. ... For other uses, see Black magic (disambiguation). ... Magie Noire (Black Magic) is a very artisitic designed Cartoon of the ivorian Painter and Author Gilbert G. Groud. ...

Tanzania and Mozambique

The art of the Makonde must be subdivided into different areas. The Makonde are known as master carvers throughout East Africa, and their statuary can be found being sold in tourist markets and in museums alike. They traditionally carve household objects, figures and masks. Since the 1950s years the socalled Modern Makonde Art has been developed. An essential step was the turning to abstract figures, mostly spirits (Shetani) that play a special role. Makonde are also part of the important contemporary artists of Africa today. An outstanding position is taken by George Lilanga.

Egypt

Persisting for 3000 years and thirty dynasties, the "official" art of Egypt was centred on the state religion of the time. The art ranged from stone carvings of both massive statues and small statuettes, to wall art that depicted both history and mythology. In 2600 BC the maturity of Egyptian carving reached a peak it did not reach again for another 1500 years during the reign of Rameses II. (27th century BC - 26th century BC - 25th century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) Events 2900 - 2334 BC – Mesopotamian wars of the Early Dynastic period. ... Nomen: Ramesses meryamun Ramesses (Re has fashioned him), beloved of Amun. ...

A lot of the art possesses a certain stiffness, with figures poised upright and rigid in a most regal fashion. Bodily proportions also appear to be mathematically derived, giving rise to a sense of fantastic perfection in the figures depicted. This most likely was used to reinforce the godliness of the ruling caste.

See also

• Culture of Africa

Download high resolution version (1624x1824, 535 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Culture of Africa encompasses and includes all cultures which were ever in the continent of Africa. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... The Culture of Africa encompasses and includes all cultures which were ever in the continent of Africa. ... The architecture of Africa, like other aspects of the culture of Africa, is exceptionally diverse. ... This is a list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Africa. ... This film, television, or video-related list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... Cinema of Africa A list of African films by country of orign: // A proposito dellAngola (1973) Burned By Blue (2001) Camarada Faz la Coregem Caravana (1992) Carnaval da vitoria (1978) Comboio da Canhoca (1989) Des fusils pour Banta (1970) O Desassossego de Pessoa (2002) Dissidence (1998) O Golpe O... The cuisine of Africa reflects indigenous traditions, as well as influences from Arabs, Europeans, and Asians. ... Ignorance about African cultures can lead to accidental breaches of etiquette. ... African literature generally refers to the novels, short stories, and poetry written by African writers during the 20th century. ... African Writers (by country): This is a list of prominent and notable literary figures from the African continent, listed by country, including poets, novelists, childrens writers, essayists, and scholars, listed by country. ... Hand drumming is significant throughtout Africa The music of Africa is as vast and varied as the continents many regions, nations and ethnic groups. ... This is a list of African musicians and musical groups. ... For other uses, see Africa (disambiguation). ... This is a list of African countries/dependencies by population. ... This is a list of African countries/dependencies by population density in inhabitants/km2. ... The HIV/AIDS epidemics spreading through the countries of Sub-saharan Africa are highly varied. ... The following is a list of the 50 most populous cities in Africa. ... This is a list of the largest metropolitan areas in Africa. ... This is a list of the countries in Africa in order of Gross domestic product (GDP), Values are given in Billion USDs. ... Human Development Index is a comparative measure of life expectancy, literacy, education, and standards of living for countries worldwide. ... Countries using CFA franc There are two African currency unions; the West African Banque Centrale des Etats de lAfrique de lOuest (BCEAO) and the Central African Banque des Etats de lAfrique Centrale (BEAC). ... African nations typically fall toward the bottom of any list measuring economic activity, such as per capita income or per capita GDP, despite a wealth of natural resources. ... The developing nations of Africa are ideal locations for the application of renewable energy technology. ... This is an alphabetical list of African countries and dependencies. ... The vegetation of Africa follows very closely the distribution of heat and moisture. ... This List of impact craters in Africa includes all confirmed impact craters as listed in the Earth Impact Database. ... This is a list of islands of Africa. ... This is a list of rivers of Africa. ... The continent of Africa can be conceptually subdivided into a number of regions. ... The History of Africa begins from the emergence of modern human beings to its current state as a politically developing continent. ... Map showing European claimants to the African continent in 1913. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... The slave trade in Africa has existed for thousands of years. ... Cecil Rhodes: Cape-Cairo railway project. ... The Decolonisation of Africa was the withdrawal of colonial powers from Africa after World War II.[1] // Main article: Scramble for Africa Cecil Rhodes: Cape-Cairo railway project. ... It is today believed that humanity originated in Africa and as soon as human societies formed so did economic activity. ... There have been a number of African Empires of varying size and influence throughout recorded history. ... The military history of Africa includes many diverse civilizations from antiquity to the modern day. ... A, thus far incomplete, list of conflicts in Africa (arranged by Country), including; Wars between African nations Civil Wars within African nations Colonial Wars/Conflicts in Africa Wars of Independence in African nations Secessionist/Separatist Conflicts in Africa Major episodes of violence (riots, massacres, etc. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa. ... Anthem Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together [1] Administrative Centre Working languages Arabic English Spanish French Portuguese Swahili Membership 53 African states Leaders  -  Chairman Jakaya Kikwete  -  Jean Ping Establishment  -  as the OAU May 25, 1963   -  as the African Union July 9, 2002  Area  -  Total 29,757,900 km² (1st1... This page lists the most recent (direct) national elections in African countries. ... The situation of human rights in Africa is generally reported to be highly mixed at best, and typically seen as an area of grave concern according to the UN, governmental, and non-governmental observers. ... Pan-Africanism is a term which can have two separate, but related meanings. ... African Philosophy is a disputed term, used in different ways by different philosophers. ... Countries in Africa who have societies with caste systems within their borders include Mali, Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Niger, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Algeria, Nigeria, Chad, Ethiopia and Somalia. ... This is a list of radio stations in Africa. ... This is a list of African television stations. ... The African Cricket Association is an international body which oversees cricket in African countries. ... The All-Africa Games, sometimes called the African Games or Pan African Games, are a regional multi-sport event held every four years, organized by the Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa (ANOCA). ... Australian rules football in Africa is currently only played at an organised level in South Africa, although there have been attempts to introduce the sport in other African nations. ... The 53 member CAF (Confederation of African Football) , (French : Confédération Africaine de Football) , (Arabic : الإتحاد الأفريقى لكرة القدم) represents international football in Africa, and organises the African Cup of Nations, CAF Confederation Cup and the African Champions League. ... The African Cup of Nations, also referred to as the African Nations Cup (ANC) is the main international football competition in Africa. ... The CAR logo. ... The Africa Cup is an annual rugby union tournament involving African nations, organised by the Confederation of African Rugby (CAR). ... FIBA Africa is a zone within the FIBA association which contains all 53 national African FIBA federations, it was founded in 1961. ... Stade des Martyrs has the joint largest capacity in Africa. ... The Tour dAfrique is one of the longest and toughest bicycle races in the world. ... // International organisations African Union See also : African Union The first summit of chiefs of state of the African Unions Peace and Security Council was held in Libreville (Gabon) on January 10 and January 11, 2005. ... ... 2007 in Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

Notes

1. ^ Blier, Suzanne: "Africa, Art, and History: An Introduction", A History of Art in Africa, pp. 15-19
2. ^ Blier, Suzanne, "Africa, Art, and History: An Introduction", A History of Art in Africa, p. 16
3. ^ A History of Art in Africa, p. 49
4. ^ “New” Giraffe Engravings Found. The 153 Club. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.

Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 151st day of the year (152nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Sources

• A history of art in Africa (2001) Monica Blackmun Visonà et al. Prentice Hall, New York ISBN 0-13-442187-6

External links

• Ijele: Art eJournal of the African World
• Learn about African art, the region and the people who make them
• Photos of Kuba cloth from Zaire
• Map of Contemporary Africa and African Art
• African Sculptural Art