Afrobeat is a combination of Yoruba music, jazz, Highlife, and funk rhythms, fused with African percussion and vocal styles, popularized in Africa in the 1970s. The music of the Yoruba people of Nigeria is best known for an extremely advanced drumming tradition, especially using the dundun hourglass tension drums. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... Highlife is a musical genre that originated in Ghana, Sierra Leone and Nigeria in the 1920s and spread to other West African countries. ... For other uses, including related musical genres, see Funk (disambiguation). ... Rhythm (Greek = flow, or in Modern Greek, style) is the variation of the length and accentuation of a series of sounds or other events. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Percussion redirects here. ... In music a singer or vocalist is a type of musician who sings, i. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ...

Afrobeat's main creator and best known artist was the Nigerian multi-instrumentalist and bandleader Fela Kuti, who coined the term Afrobeat, shaped the musical structure and also the political context of the genre. He launched Afrobeat in the early 60s. Kuti had earlier played a fusion of jazz and highlife (For which he first used the term 'Afrobeat') with his Koola Lobitos Band. The distinctive production sound of Afrobeat's rhythms are the hallmark of drummer Tony Allen, a long-standing musical collaborator and band-leader with Fela. While Afrobeat as a concept existed prior to Allen's involvement, Allen must be correctly credited with securing the role and pattern of the (Afro) "beat" through his distinctive syncopated and polyrhythmic minimal playing style. “Instrumentalist” redirects here. ... A bandleader is the director of a band of musicians. ... Fela Anikulapo Kuti (born Olufela Olusegun Oludotun Ransome-Kuti, October 15, 1938 - August 2, 1997), or simply Fela, was a Nigerian multi-instrumentalist musician and composer, pioneer of Afrobeat music, human rights activist, and political maverick. ... Highlife is a musical genre that originated in Ghana, Sierra Leone and Nigeria in the 1920s and spread to other West African countries. ... Tony Oladipo Allen (born August 12, 1940 in Lagos, Nigeria) is a Nigerian drummer, composer, and songwriter. ...

Characteristics of Afrobeat are:

• Big bands: A large group of musicians playing various instruments (Fela Kuti's band in the 80s Egypt 80 did not feature 80 musicians);
• Energy: Energetic, exciting and with high tempo, polyrhythmic percussion;
• Repetition: The same musical movements are repeated many times;
• Improvisation: Performing without set music;
• Combination of genres: A mixture of various musical influences.
• Vocals tend to be sung in Yoruba and Pidgin English as Kuti, who spoke perfect English, regarded this as being the language best understood across all of Africa's borders.

A big band is a type of musical ensemble associated with playing jazz music and which became popular during the Swing Era from the early 1930s until the late 1940s, although there are many big-bands around nowadays. ... Polyrhythm is the simultaneous sounding of two or more independent rhythms. ... Improvisation is the practice of acting and reacting, of making and creating, in the moment and in response to the stimulus of ones immediate environment. ... Pidgin English is a non-specific name used to refer to any of the many pidgin languages derived from English. ...

Origins

Afrobeat originated from the southern part of Nigeria in the 60s where Kuti experimented with many different forms of contemporary music of the time. Prevalent in his music are native African harmonies and rhythms, taking different elements and combining, modernizing and improvising upon them. Politics are essential to the genre of Afrobeat, since founder Kuti was deeply concerned in social criticism to pave way for social change. His message can be described as confrontational and controversial, which can be related to the political climate of most of the African countries in the 60s, many of which were dealing with political injustice and military corruption while recovering from the transition from colonial governments to self-determination. For other uses, see Politics (disambiguation). ...

As the genre spread throughout the African continent many bands took up the style. The recordings of these bands and their songs were rarely heard or exported outside the originating countries but many can now be found on compilation albums and CDs from specialist record shops.

Influence

Many jazz musicians have been attracted to Afrobeat. From Roy Ayers in the seventies to Randy Weston in the nineties, there have been collaborations which have resulted in albums such as Africa: Centre of the World by Roy Ayers, released on the Polydor label in 1981. In 1994 Branford Marsalis, the American jazz saxophonist, included samples of Fela's "Beast of No Nation" on his Buckshot leFonque album. Roy Ayers (born September 10, 1940, Los Angeles) is a funk, soul and jazz vibraphone player. ... Randy Weston (b. ... Branford Marsalis. ...

Afrobeat has profoundly influenced important contemporary producers like Brian Eno, who credits Fela Kuti as an influence. Brian Eno (pronounced ) born on 15 May 1948 in Woodbridge, Suffolk, England) is an English electronic musician, music theorist and record producer. ...

New generation DJs of the 2000s who have fallen in love with both Kuti's material and other rare releases have made compilations and remixes of these recordings, thus re-introducing the genre to new generations of listeners and fans of Afropop and Groove.

Afrobeat Today

This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can (July 2007).

Post-Fela, the Afrobeat scene is spreading and the music has taken solid root on the World Café. There is a diverse group of bands influenced by the music operating out of different countries. A list of acts to watch would definitely include Femi Kuti (Fela's first son and a saxophonist) and the Positive Force; Dele Sosimi's Gbedu Resurrection (former keyboardist and musical director of Fela's band and cofounder of Femi Kuti's positive force); Seun Kuti (another of Kuti's sons, now fronting his father's original band); Ayetoro (a group led by Nigerian pianist/composer Funsho Ogundipe); Akoya Afrobeat Ensemble; Antibalas (Brooklyn, New York based multiracial Afrobeat Orchestra formed by baritone saxophonist Martin Perna); Chicago Afrobeat Project who released their second album "(A) Move to Silent Unrest" in fall 2007; Afrobeat Down,Started in 2002, working with Sandra Izsadore (Fela's Africa 70); Tony Allen, the man who held the drum chair during Fela's productive "Africa 70" phase, and whose drumming was, according to James Brown's autobiography, the influence behind his 'Discovery' of funk.^{[citation needed]} Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Femi Kuti Femi Kuti is an award winning Nigerian musician, and the oldest son of legendary Afrobeat pioneer Fela Kuti. ... ‹ The template below (Expand) is being considered for deletion. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Antibalas (pronounced ahn-tee-BAH-lahs, Spanish for bulletproof) is a Bushwick, Brooklyn based afrobeat band that is modelled after Fela Kutis Africa 70 band and Eddie Palmieris Harlem River Drive Orchestra. ... This article is about the borough of New York City. ... Chicago Afrobeat Project (CAbP) is a dynamic musical collective rooted in 70s funk and jazz-infused afrobeat. ... Tony Oladipo Allen (born August 12, 1940 in Lagos, Nigeria) is a Nigerian drummer, composer, and songwriter. ... For other persons named James Brown, see James Brown (disambiguation). ...

References

• Extensive Article on Fela - Jay Babcock
• BBC Afrobeat Documentary
• The AfroFunk Music Forum Daily news, music reviews and commentary on Afrobeat and related music from Africa, The Caribbean and The Americas.
• The Afro Caribbean Website Afro Caribbean videos website, watch movies, music videos and more.