The September 11, 2001 attacks defined the first term of President George W. Bush and led to what he has called the Global War on Terrorism, or war against terrorism. The accuracy of describing it as a "war" and the political motivations and consequences are the topic of strenuous debate. The U.S. government increased military operations, economic measures and political pressure on groups it accused of being terrorists, as well as on governments and countries accused of sheltering them. October 2001 saw the first military action initiated by the U.S. Under this policy, the U.S. invaded Afghanistan in order to remove the oppressive Taliban regime (which harbored al-Qaeda) and to capture Al-Qaeda forces. The invasion was supported by a large number of countries. Prior to the invasion, the Taliban had refused to hand over bin Laden without being shown evidence of his connection to the attacks. While the primary objective of capturing bin Laden has failed so far, the invasion did succeed in uprooting the extremely oppressive Taliban from power, enabling the implementation of a government cooperative and supportive in the search for bin Laden and the general "War on Terrorism". The invasion removed a safe haven and base of operations for al-Qaeda.^[1] The U.S. government has also asserted that the U.S. invasion of Iraq is connected to 9/11.^[2] A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly... September 11, 2001 attacks timeline Background History 1972: One World Trade Center completed. ... THIS ARTICLE CONTAINS THE PHRASE FUCK THE US GOVERNMENT HIDDEN THROUGHOUT THE ARTICLE...IT REQUIRES IMMEDIATE CLEAN UP // According to the presidents of the United States and the Philippines, the September 11, 2001 attacks originated with Operation Bojinka (a plan that was not executed), which was conceived by Khalid Shaikh... The September 11, 2001 attacks, in addition to being a unique act of aggression, constituted a media event on a scale not seen since the advent of civilian global satellite links, round-the-clock television news organizations and the instant worldwide reaction and debate made possible by the Internet. ... All times, except where otherwise noted, in New York Time (EDT). ... All times, except where otherwise noted, in New York Time (EDT). ... // 2001 November Thursday, November 1, 2001 Afternoon: Deputy Mayor Anthony P. Coles meets with the two firefighter union leaders, Fire Capt. ... According to the 9/11 Commission, between 16,400 and 18,800 civilians were in the World Trade Center complex at the time of the 11 September 2001 attacks. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Flight 11 redirects here. ... United Airlines Flight 175 was a morning flight that regularly flew from Logan International Airport in East Boston, Massachusetts to Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) in Los Angeles, California. ... Security camera image showing American Airlines Flight 77 (highlighted) just before and after impact. ... For other uses of Flight 93 and United 93, see Flight 93. ... For other uses, see World Trade Center (disambiguation). ... This article is about the United States military building. ... Main Street in Shanksville. ... Box-cutter knives were apparently used in the September 11, 2001 attacks, though such knives are not usually considered weapons. ... The September 11, 2001, attacks had an important impact on the audiovisual entertainment business, not just in terms of television coverage. ... Many closings and cancellations followed the September 11, 2001 attacks, including major landmarks, buildings, as well as postponement or cancellation of major sporting and other events. ... A variety of conspiracy theories question the mainstream account of the September 11, 2001 attacks against the United States. ... Soon after the attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States Government began detaining people who fit the profile of the suspected hijackers: mostly male, Arabic or Muslim noncitizens. ... The September 11, 2001 attacks have been the subject of numerous films and other works of art and literature, including: // Hollywoods first reaction to the September 11 attacks was to alter, delay or even cancel films that unintentionally evoked the disaster. ... There has been growing concern over the health effects of the September 11, 2001 attacks in the Financial District of lower Manhattan. ... This article talks about the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... The following worldwide effects arose from the September 11, 2001 attacks: All Canadian military bases increased their level of security awareness. ... The response of the U.S. government to the September 11, 2001 attacks sparked investigations into the motivations and execution of the attacks, as well as the ongoing War on Terrorism in Iraq. ... A bucket brigade works to clear rubble and debris on September 14, 2001 The area surrounding the World Trade Center became the site of the greatest number of casualties and missing, and physical destruction. ... Charities and relief agencies raised over $657 million in the three weeks following the September 11, 2001 attacks, the vast bulk going to immediate survivors and victims families. ... Operation Yellow Ribbon is the name of the operation that Transport Canada created to handle the diversion of civilian airline flights following the September 11, 2001, attacks. ... The first memorials to the victims of the September 11, 2001 attacks began to take shape online, as hundreds of webmasters posted their own thoughts, links to the Red Cross, and other rescue agencies, photos and eyewitness accounts. ... Cartoon that PMW claim is part of a long tradition of celebrating the September 11, 2001 Attacks. ... The United States government identified 19 hijackers as being responsible for the September 11, 2001 attacks, and linked the attacks to Osama bin Laden. ... The September 11, 2001 attacks were carried out by 19 hijackers, with planning and organization of the attacks involving numerous additional members of al-Qaeda. ... Communications problems and successes played an important role in the September 11, 2001 attacks and their aftermath. ... Ground Zero debris with markup showing building locations. ... The September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States spawned a number of catchphrases, terms, and slogans, many of which continue to be used a half-decade after the event. ... For the anniversary of the beginning of the American Revolution, see Patriots Day. ... The Joint Inquiry into Intelligence Community Activities before and after the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001 is the official name of the inquiry conducted by the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence into the activities of the U.S. Intelligence Community in... The cover of the final 9/11 report 9/11 Commission Report, formally titled Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, is the official report of the events leading up to the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... PENTTBOM is the code-name for the FBI investigation into the September 11, 2001 attacks on New York and Washington, D.C, the largest criminal investigation in U.S. history. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... The War on terrorism or War on terror (abbreviated in policy circles as GWOT for global war on terror) is a global effort by the governments of several countries (primarily the United States and its principal allies) to destroy international groups it deems as terrorist (primarily radical Islamist terrorist groups... For other uses of War in Afghanistan, see War in Afghanistan. ... The Taliban (Pashto: - , also anglicised as Taleban) are a Sunni Islamist and Pashtun nationalist movement[2] that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001, when their leaders were removed from power by a cooperative military effort between the Northern Alliance and NATO countries. ... Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ...

Because the attacks on the United States were judged to be within the parameters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO declared section 5 of the military alliance to be met, making the US war on terror the first time since its inception that NATO would actually participate in a "hot" war. This article is about the military alliance. ...

Security

The September 11 attacks also precipitated a focus on domestic security issues and the creation of a new cabinet-level federal agency, the Department of Homeland Security. The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 was passed soon after the attacks, giving law enforcement agencies sweeping search and surveillance powers over U.S citizens. This led to the creation in 2002 of the Information Awareness Office (IAO), led by John Poindexter. The IAO has initiated a program called Total Information Awareness, amended in May 2003 to Terrorist Information Awareness (TIA), with the aim of developing technology that would enable it to collect and process massive amounts of information about every individual in the United States, and trace patterns of behavior that could help predict terrorist activities. The information the IAO would gather includes Internet activity, credit card purchase histories, airline ticket purchases, car rentals, medical records, educational transcripts, driver's licenses, utility bills, tax returns, and other available data. Critics of the IAO believe it goes too far in the sacrifice of civil liberties and privacy, putting in place an Orwellian infrastructure prone to abuse. Many major events the United States has hosted since September 11, 2001 have been designated National Special Security Events (NSSE), because of concerns of terrorism. Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia Chief Charles Ramsey made the point clear before the state funeral of former U.S. president Ronald Reagan: "In a post 9/11 world we have to be very concerned about that and aware of the potential for something to happen." DHS redirects here. ... In the United States, the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (Public Law 107-56), known as the USA PATRIOT Act or simply the Patriot Act, is an Act of Congress which President George W. Bush signed into law... For other uses, see Surveillance (disambiguation). ... Information Awareness Office seal The Information Awareness Office (IAO) was established by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense, in January 2002 to bring together several DARPA projects focused on applying information technology to counter transnational threats to... Rear Admiral John Poindexter USN (Ret. ... This article is about the payment system. ... An Airbus A380 of Emirates Airline An airline provides air transport services for passengers or freight. ... Car redirects here. ... In education a transcript refers to a copy of a students permanent academic record which usually means all courses taken, all grades received, all honors received and degrees conferred to a student. ... First German driving school in 1906, Aschaffenburg Current EU driving licence, German version - front 1. ... Taxes redirects here. ... Civil liberties is the name given to freedoms that protect the individual from government. ... Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to control the flow of information about themselves and thereby reveal themselves selectively. ... The adjective Orwellian describes the situation, idea, or societal condition that George Orwell identified as being inimical to the welfare of a free-society. ... United States Department of Homeland Security A National Special Security Event (NSSE) is declared by the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to assume federal control of security measures normally employed by local law enforcement. ... Not to be confused with United States Capitol Police. ... Chief of Police in United States usage is the title typically given to the head of a police department. ... Charles H. Ramsey is the current chief of the Washington Metropolitan Police Department (MPDC) in Washington, D.C. A native of Chicago, Illinois, he joined the Chicago Police Department as an 18 year old cadet in 1968. ... Former United States First Lady Nancy Reagan kisses the casket of her husband, Former U.S. President Ronald Reagan during the week long state funeral honoring him in June of 2004. ...

In the immediate aftermath of the September 11 attacks, the United States and other countries around the world were placed on a high state of alert against potential follow-up attacks. Civilian air travel across the U.S. and Canada was — for the first time ever — almost completely suspended for three days with numerous locations and events affected by closures, postponements, cancellations, and evacuations. Other countries imposed similar security restrictions. In the United Kingdom, for instance, civilian aircraft were forbidden to fly over London for several days after the attacks. Many closings and cancellations followed the September 11, 2001 attacks, including major landmarks, buildings, as well as postponement or cancellation of major sporting and other events. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

International reaction

Main article: International reactions to the September 11, 2001 attacks

The attacks had major world-wide political effects. Many other countries introduced tough anti-terrorism legislation and took action to cut off terrorist finances, including the freezing of bank accounts suspected of being used to fund terrorism. Law enforcement and intelligence agencies stepped up cooperation to arrest terrorist suspects and break up suspected terrorist cells around the world. The following worldwide effects arose from the September 11, 2001 attacks: All Canadian military bases increased their level of security awareness. ... A bank account is a monetary account with a banking institution recording the balance of money for a customer. ...

The attack prompted numerous memorials and services all over the world. In Berlin, 200,000 Germans marched to show their solidarity with America. The French newspaper of record, Le Monde, ran a front-page headline reading "Nous sommes tous Américains", or "We are all Americans". A national day of mourning was held in Ireland on Friday, September 14, the only country other than the U.S.A. to do so. In London, the U.S. national anthem was played at the Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace. (To mark the Queen's Golden Jubilee, New York City lit the Empire State Building in purple and gold, to say "thank you" for this action.) In the immediate aftermath, support for the United States' right to defend itself was expressed across the world, and by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1368.^[3] The first memorials to the victims of the September 11, 2001 attacks began to take shape online, as hundreds of webmasters posted their own thoughts, links to the Red Cross, and other rescue agencies, photos and eyewitness accounts. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... For the song by the Thievery Corporation, see Le Monde (song). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Contents // Categories: Stub | London attractions ... Buckingham Palace and the Victoria Memorial. ... Queen Elizabeth II makes an official appearance at the CBC Headquarters as part of her Jubilee goodwill tour, October 2002. ... A session of the Security Council in progress The United Nations Security Council is the most powerful organ of the United Nations. ...

Reaction to the attacks in the Muslim world was mixed. The great majority of Muslim political and religious leaders condemned the attacks — virtually the only significant exception was Saddam Hussein, then president of Iraq. Shortly after the attack, there were a number of reports of small celebrations in some countries by people opposed to U.S. policies in the Middle East. Images of these celebrations were broadcast on television and published in print. Less publicized were public displays of sympathy, including candlelight vigils in countries like Iran.^[4] Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was the fifth President of Iraq and Chairman of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council from 1979 until his overthrow by US forces in 2003. ... Cartoon that PMW claim is part of a long tradition of celebrating the September 11, 2001 Attacks. ...

Public response

September 13, 2001: A New York City firefighter looks up at what remains of the South Tower.

Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, George W. Bush's job approval rating soared to 86% ^[5]. On September 20, 2001, the president spoke before the nation and a joint-session of Congress, regarding the events of that day, the intervening nine days of rescue and recovery efforts, and his intent in response to those events. In the speech, he characterized the speech itself as being akin to the President's customary State of the Union address. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1312x2000, 1996 KB) Summary 010913-N-1350W-003 New York, N.Y. (Sept. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1312x2000, 1996 KB) Summary 010913-N-1350W-003 New York, N.Y. (Sept. ... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political...

The attacks also had immediate and overwhelming effects upon the United States population. People began rallying around the popularized phrase, "United We Stand," in hopes of being resilient and keeping the American spirit alive in the face of a devastating attack. Many people joined together to help the victims. Gratitude toward uniformed public-safety workers, and especially toward firefighters, was widely expressed in light of both the drama of the risks taken on the scene and the high death toll among the workers. Many people paid tribute to the police officers and fire fighters by wearing NYPD and FDNY hats. The number of casualties among the emergency service personnel was unprecedented. The highly visible role played by Rudy Giuliani, the Mayor of New York City, won him high praise nationally and in New York City. ^[6] He was named Person of the Year by Time magazine for 2001, and at times had a higher profile in the U.S. than President George W. Bush. Rudolph William Louis Rudy Giuliani (pronounced ;[1] born May 28, 1944) is an American lawyer, businessman, and politician from the state of New York who was Mayor of New York City from 1994 to 2001. ... Person of the Year is an annual issue of United States (U.S.) newsmagazine Time that features a profile on the man, woman, couple, group, idea, place, or machine that [1] // The tradition of selecting a Man of the Year began in 1927, when Time editors contemplated what they could... This article is about the concept of time. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ...

New York City bore the brunt of the attacks. Blood donations saw a surge in the weeks after 9/11. According to a report by the Journal of the American Medical Association, "...the number of blood donations in the weeks after the September 11, 2001, attacks was markedly greater than in the corresponding weeks of 2000 (2.5 times greater in the first week after the attacks; 1.3–1.4 times greater in the second to fourth weeks after the attack)."^[7] JAMA, published continuously since in 1883, is an international peer-reviewed general medical journal published 48 times per year. ...

At the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show that took place in February 2002, a touching tribute was paid to the search and rescue dogs who not only assisted in locating survivors and bodies from the rubble, but were also inside the World Trade Center buildings before they collapsed. The Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show is a two-day benched conformation show that takes place at Madison Square Garden in New York City every year. ...

Other major public reactions to the attacks were a surge of pronounced Patriotism not seen since World War II, and an unprecedented level of respect, sympathy, and admiration for New York City and New Yorkers as a group by Americans from other parts of the U.S. Some criticized this particular reaction, noting that not everyone who died was from New York (for example, some of the passengers on the planes), and that the Arlington, Virginia community also suffered in the attacks. Defence of the fatherland is a commonplace of patriotism: The statue in the courtyard of École polytechnique, Paris, commemorating the students involvement in defending France against the 1814 invasion of the Coalition. ... Arlington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Virginia (which calls itself a commonwealth), directly across the Potomac River from Washington, DC. By an act of Congress July 9, 1846, the area south of the Potomac was returned to Virginia effective in 1847 As of 2000...

There were some incidents of harassment and hate crimes against Middle Easterners and other, "Middle Eastern-looking" people, particularly Sikhs, due to the fact that Sikh males usually wear turbans, stereotypically associated with Muslims in the United States. A total of nine people were murdered within the United States as part of retaliation.^{[citation needed]} Balbir Singh Sodhi, one of the first victims of this backlash, was shot dead on September 15. He, like others, was a Sikh who was mistaken for a Muslim. A Sikh man wearing a turban The adherents of Sikhism are called Sikhs. ... The Turban (Arabic عمامة; ‘imamah, Persian dulband) is a headdress, of obscure Oriental origin, consisting of a long scarf wound round the head or an inner hat. ... Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Ethnocracy Anti-discriminatory Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation Integration Equal opportunity Counter-discriminatory Affirmative action Racial quota... Balbir Singh Sodhi (1949 - September 15, 2001) was a Phoenix, Arizona gas station owner who was murdered in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... Backlash has meaning in both socio-political and engineering contexts. ... is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Religions Sikhism Scriptures Guru Granth Sahib Languages English, Punjabi] A Sikh (English: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is an adherent to Sikhism. ...

Economic aftermath

The attacks had significant economic repercussions for the United States and world markets. The New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange and NASDAQ did not open on September 11 and remained closed until September 17. New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) facilities and remote data processing sites were not damaged by the attack, but member firms, customers and markets were unable to communicate due to major damage to the telephone exchange facility near the World Trade Center. When the stock markets reopened on September 17, 2001, after the longest closure since the Great Depression in 1933, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (“DJIA”) stock market index fell 684 points, or 7.1%, to 8920, its biggest-ever one-day point decline. By the end of the week, the DJIA had fallen 1369.7 points (14.3%), its largest one-week point drop in history. U.S. stocks lost $1.2 trillion in value for the week. The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), nicknamed the Big Board, is a New York City-based stock exchange. ... The American Stock Exchange (AMEX) is an American stock exchange situated in New York. ... NASDAQ in Times Square, New York City. ... is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Linear graph of the DJIA from 1901 until today Logarithmic graph of the DJIA from 1901 until today The Dow Jones Industrial Average (NYSE: DJI, also called the DJIA, Dow 30, or informally the Dow Jones or The Dow) is one of several stock market indices created by nineteenth-century...

The attacks led to decreased travel, and as of 2006, the U.S. airline industry has not fully recovered. 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... An Airbus A380 of Emirates Airline An airline provides air transport services for passengers or freight. ...

Health effects

Further information: Health effects of September 11, 2001 attacks

The pulverized concrete which filled the streets with voluminous dust has led through time to serious lung and cardiovascular disorders. These are covered in a recent article, Tracing Lung Ailments That Rose With 9/11 Dust, May 13, 2006. Although at the time of the tower collapses the EPA advised that there was no danger from air contamination, it has subsequently come to light that toxic fumes were very much in evidence. In February 2006, under pressure from New York's congressional delegation, the Bush administration appointed Dr. John Howard, the director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), to coordinate the screening and treatment of the rescue personnel who were exposed to toxic fumes at Ground Zero.[4] September 11 from space: Manhattan spreads a large smoke plume Into 2006 there has been growing concern over the health effects of the September 11, 2001 attacks in the Financial District of lower Manhattan. ...

Insurance claims and claims against the airlines

The attack on the World Trade Center led to huge insurance claims, with many insurance companies throughout the world having to disclose the impact of the attack in their financial statements. In April 2004, a jury of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York rejected claims by World Trade Center leaseholder, Larry Silverstein, that two planes hitting the Twin Towers should, within the terms of his insurance policies, be considered two separate incidents, which would have entitled him to $7 billion in insurance reimbursements. The insurers, Swiss Reinsurance Co. and others, initially argued successfully that the attacks in New York were one incident and that Silverstein was only entitled to $3.5 billion. In December 2004, a federal jury decided that the September 11 attack on the World Trade Center was, for insurance purposes, two occurrences, which means that Silverstein stands to collect up to $4.6 billion. [5] Historical financial statement Financial statements (or financial reports) are formal records of a business financial activities. ... 2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December Deaths in April • 18 Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara • 19 Norris McWhirter • 22 Pat Tillman • 24 Estée Lauder Other recent deaths Ongoing events EU Enlargement Exploration of Mars: Rovers Haiti Rebellion Reconstruction of Iraq – Occupation & Resistance Israeli... The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (S.D.N.Y.) is the federal district court whose jurisdiction comprises the following counties: New York (Manhattan), Bronx, Westchester, Putnam, Rockland, Orange, Dutchess, and Sullivan. ... 7 World Trade Center Larry A. Silverstein (born 1932) is an American billionaire real estate investor and operator and the head of Silverstein Properties, a real estate development group. ... For other uses, see World Trade Center (disambiguation). ... ← - 2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- → Deaths in December • 30 Artie Shaw • 29 Julius Axelrod • 28 Jacques Dupuis • 28 Jerry Orbach • 28 Susan Sontag • 26 Reggie White • 26 Sir Angus Ogilvy • 23 P. V. Narasimha Rao • 23 Doug Ault • 19 Renata Tebaldi • 16...

In 2003, Judge Alvin Hellerstein of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York agreed to hear a consolidated master case against three airlines, ICTS International NV and Pinkerton's airport security firms, the World Trade Center owners, and Boeing Co., the aircraft manufacturer. The case was brought by people injured in the attacks, representatives of those who died, and entities that suffered property damage. In September 2004, just before the three-year statute of limitations expired, the insurers for the World Trade Center filed suit against American Airlines, United Airlines, and Pinkerton's airport security firm, alleging their negligence allowed the planes to be hijacked. Because the Air Transportation Act, which was passed after September 11, limits the liability of airlines aircraft manufacturers, and airports to the amount of their insurance coverage, this case will likely be combined with the consolidated master case filed in 2003. Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Judge Alvin Hellerstein is a judge for the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York and has been involved in several high-profile cases. ... Pinkerton guards escort strikebreakers in Buchtel, Ohio, 1884 The Pinkerton National Detective Agency was a private U.S. security guard and detective agency established by Allan Pinkerton in 1850. ... The Boeing Company (NYSE: BA, TYO: 7661) is a major aerospace and defense corporation, originally founded by William Edward Boeing. ... September 2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December See also: September 2004 in sports Events Deaths in September • 27 Tsai Wan-lin • 24 Françoise Sagan • 20 Brian Clough • 18 Russ Meyer • 15 Johnny Ramone • 12 Fred Ebb • 11 Peter VII of Alexandria • 8... American Airlines, Inc. ... United Airlines is a major airline of the United States. ... An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, and/or spacecraft. ... Airport - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Market Activity Investigations

The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (also known as the "9/11 Commission") investigated these rumors and found that although some unusual (and initially seemingly suspicious) trading activity did occur in the days prior to September 11, it was all coincidentally innocuous and not the result of insider trading by parties with foreknowledge of the 9/11 attacks:

Highly publicized allegations of insider trading in advance of 9/11 generally rest on reports of unusual pre-9/11 trading activity in companies whose stock plummeted after the attacks. Some unusual trading did in fact occur, but each such trade proved to have an innocuous explanation. For example, the volume of put options — instruments that pay off only when a stock drops in price — surged in the parent companies of United Airlines on September 6 and American Airlines on September 10 — highly suspicious trading on its face. Yet, further investigation has revealed that the trading had no connection with 9/11. A single U.S.-based institutional investor with no conceivable ties to al Qaeda purchased 95 percent of the UAL puts on September 6 as part of a trading strategy that also included buying 115,000 shares of American on September 10. Similarly, much of the seemingly suspicious trading in American on September 10 was traced to a specific U.S.-based options trading newsletter, faxed to its subscribers on Sunday, September 9, which recommended these trades. The SEC and FBI, aided by other agencies and the securities industry, devoted enormous resources to investigating this issue, including securing the cooperation of many foreign governments. These investigators have found that the apparently suspicious consistently proved innocuous. A put option (sometimes simply called a put) is a financial contract between two parties, the buyer and the seller of the option. ... SEC is a TLA which can refer to: In general context, an abbreviation for second. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ...

—9/11 Commission Report ^[8]

The cover of the final 9/11 report 9/11 Commission Report, formally titled Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, is the official report of the events leading up to the September 11, 2001 attacks. ...

Rescue and recovery

Rescue and recovery efforts took months to complete. It took weeks simply to put out the fires burning in the rubble of the WTC, and the clean-up was not completed until May 2002. Many relief funds were immediately set up to assist victims of the attacks. The task of providing financial assistance to the survivors and the families of victims is still ongoing. A bucket brigade works to clear rubble and debris on September 14, 2001 The area surrounding the World Trade Center became the site of the greatest number of casualties and missing, and physical destruction. ... Charities and relief agencies raised over $657 million in the three weeks following the September 11, 2001 attacks, the vast bulk going to immediate survivors and victims families. ... According to the 9/11 Commission, between 16,400 and 18,800 civilians were in the World Trade Center complex at the time of the 11 September 2001 attacks. ...

A small number of survivors and surprisingly few intact victims' remains were found in the rubble of the WTC. The forces unleashed by the towers' disintegration were so great that many of those trapped in the buildings were pulverized in the collapse. Some victims had to be identified by a few scraps of flesh or individual teeth. Most bodies were never found, presumably because the heat of the fires incinerated them. On January 18, 2002, the last hospitalized survivor of the World Trade Center attack was released from the hospital. As late as April 2006 [6], small fragments of human remains were still being found on adjacent buildings in New York. is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ...

Fires burned amidst the rubble of the World Trade Center for weeks after the attack.

Over 1.5 million tons of debris produced by the collapse of the WTC posed unique problems for the cleanup effort. A fully occupied skyscraper had never collapsed before, and the environmental and health consequences of such an event were unknown. About 100 tons of asbestos used in the construction of the WTC had not yet been fully removed. The attacks released dense clouds of dust containing pulverized cement, glass fibers, asbestos, and other airborne contaminants. Caption: 010914-N-1350W-002 New York, N.Y. (Sept. ... Caption: 010914-N-1350W-002 New York, N.Y. (Sept. ... For other uses, see Asbestos (disambiguation). ...

By 2004, nearly half of more than 1,000 screened rescue-and-recovery workers and volunteers reported new and persistent respiratory problems, and more than half reported persistent psychological symptoms. [7] Because of the long latency period between exposure and development of asbestos-related diseases, exposed Manhattan residents, especially rescue-and-recovery workers, may suffer future adverse health effects. The January 6, 2006 death of NYPD James Zadroga was ruled by a New Jersey coroner as directly due to clean-up at the WTC site.[8] This ruling was unequivocally rejected in October 2007 by the New York City Chief Medical Examiner, Dr. Charles Hirsch, and Medical Examiner Michele Slone.[9] This article is about the borough of New York City. ... is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Six months after the attack, the 1.5 million tons of debris had been removed from the WTC site, and work continued below ground level, despite concerns that the slurry wall encompassing the site foundation — known as the Bathtub — might collapse. Ceremonies marking the completion of debris removal took place at the end of May 2002. Slurrywall excavator A slurry wall is a type of wall used to build tunnels, open cuts and foundations in areas of soft earth close to open water or with a high ground water table. ... The Bathtub refers to the underground foundation area at the site of the World Trade Center and accompanying buildings in New York City in the United States of America. ...

Effects on children

On September 11, as many as 10,000 children lost a parent in the World Trade Center. A few lost both mother and father; many more were robbed of the only parent they had. A startling number were ... young family men, fellows who still had the stamina to work Wall Street hours or the strength to charge up dozens of flights of stairs with 80 pounds of firefighting equipment on their backs." ^[9].

The attacks were regarded by some as particularly disturbing to children, in part because of the frequency with which the images were replayed on television. Many schools closed early, especially those with children whose parents worked in Washington, D.C. and NYC.

Emma E. Booker Elementary School in Sarasota, Florida became a part of history because of the presence of President George W. Bush at the time of the attacks.

In Sarasota, Florida, Emma E. Booker Elementary School became a part of history because President George W. Bush was there when the attacks happened. US President George W. Bush being told about the second plane hitting the WTC in a classroom at Emma E. Booker Elementary School classroom in Sarasota, Florida on September 11, 2001. ... US President George W. Bush being told about the second plane hitting the WTC in a classroom at Emma E. Booker Elementary School classroom in Sarasota, Florida on September 11, 2001. ... The huge plume of smoke and fire seen coming from the North Tower. ... Cà dZan - a 1925 Sarasota residence that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places Sarasota is a city located in Sarasota County on the central west coast of Florida, USA. Its official limits include Sarasota Bay and several barrier islands between the bay and the Gulf of... The huge plume of smoke and fire seen coming from the North Tower. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ...

When asked for her thoughts on the attacks, the first lady, Laura Bush, a former school librarian, gave a very strong warning to parents: don't let your children see the pictures over and over, especially with young children, but even elementary school-aged children shouldn't be watching it all the time. She felt it was too frightening for them and warned parents to turn off the televisions so that children don't see the replays over and over. [10] She gave the warning based on how children reacted to the bombing in Oklahoma City. She also composed open letters to children, which she distributed through state education officials. A "Dear Students" letter went to middle and high school students [11], while elementary school students received one beginning "Dear Children." [12] First Lady Laura Bush and former first ladies (from left to right) Rosalynn Carter, Sen. ... Laura Lane Welch Bush (born November 4, 1946) is the current First Lady of the United States and the wife of the forty-third and current President of the United States George W. Bush. ... Damage to the Murrah building before cleanup began. ...

See also

• 9/11 Commission Report
• 9/11 conspiracy theories
• Fahrenheit 9/11 — a documentary by Michael Moore
• Health effects of September 11, 2001 attacks
• September 11, 2001 attacks
• War games in progress on September 11, 2001

The cover of the final 9/11 report 9/11 Commission Report, formally titled Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, is the official report of the events leading up to the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... A variety of conspiracy theories question the mainstream account of the September 11, 2001 attacks against the United States. ... Fahrenheit 9/11 is a controversial, award-winning documentary film by American left-wing filmmaker Michael Moore which presents a critical look at the presidency of George W. Bush, the War on Terrorism, and its coverage in the American news media. ... Michael Francis Moore (born April 23, 1954) is an American political-activist, a film director, author, social commentator, and political humorist. ... September 11 from space: Manhattan spreads a large smoke plume Into 2006 there has been growing concern over the health effects of the September 11, 2001 attacks in the Financial District of lower Manhattan. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly... During the September 11, 2001 attacks, the US was holding multiple annual and one-time war games with at least one resembling the actual attacks. ...

External links

• The Arab and Iranian Reaction to 911
• "Complete 911 Timeline" from Nov. 2001 through present - Provided by the Center for Cooperative Research.
• "Environmental impact of 911 attacks" - Provided by the Center for Cooperative Research.
• How 9/11 changed America: In statistics. 11 September: Five years on. BBC (2006). Retrieved on 2006-09-06.

Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References