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Encyclopedia > Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an oral commensal found also in severe infections in the oral cavity, mainly the periodontium. A. actinomycetemcomitans, previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, is a gram negative facultative non motile rod. It is also associated with non oral infections. The mouth, also known as the buccal cavity or the oral cavity, is the opening through which an animal or human takes in food. ... PeBold textriodontium is a word of Medical terminology for the specialized tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. ... Gram-negative bacteria are those that retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining protocol. ...

Contents

Importance

It is one of the bacteria which might be implicated in destructive periodontal disease. Although it has been found more frequently in localized aggressive periodontitis, LAP[1], prevalence in any population is rather high. It has also been isolated from actinomycotic lesions (mixed infection with certain Actinomyces species, in particular Actinomyces israelii). It possesses certain virulence factors that enable it to invade tissues, such as leukotoxin. Phyla Actinobacteria Aquificae Chlamydiae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Lentisphaerae Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Verrucomicrobia Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are unicellular microorganisms. ... Periodontitis a disease involving inflammation of the gums (gingiva), often persisting unnoticed for years or decades in a patient, that results in loss of bone around teeth. ... Virulence is either the relative pathogenicity or the relative ability to do damage to the host of an infectious agent. ...


Virulence Factors

- Leukotoxin; kills PMN's and monocytes. Eosinophil granulocyte Basophil granulocyte Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells characterised by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. ... MONOCYTES: Plural of monocyte. ...


- Immunosuppression factors that inhibit blastogenesis, antibody production and activate T-suppressor cells Each antibody binds to a specific antigen; an interaction similar to a lock and key. ...


- Inhibition of PMN's functions Eosinophil granulocyte Basophil granulocyte Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells characterised by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. ...


- Resistant to complement mediated killing. A complement protein attacking an invader. ...


A. actinomycetemcomitans Serotypes

- a strain, for example ATCC 29523, frequently in oral cavity, variable leukotoxin expression.


- b strain Y4, most frequently in LAP, leukotoxin expression.


- c strain ATCC 33384, low leukotoxin.

 and others (serotypes d, e) 

Nomenclature

Recent studies have shown a phylogenetic similarity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus, Haemophilus paraphrophilus, and Haemophilus segnis suggesting the new genus Aggregatibacter for them[2]. For other uses of the word, please see Genus (disambiguation). ...


References

  1. ^ Slots J. Scand J Dent Res; 1976 Jan;84(1):1-10.
  2. ^ Norskov-Lauritsen N., Kilian M. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2006 Sep;56(Pt 9):2135-46.


 
 

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