Agnes Campbell Macphail seen here on May 14, 1934 in Yousuf Karsh's Ottawa studio. Source: Library and Archives Canada

Agnes Campbell Macphail (March 24, 1890 – February 13, 1954) was the first woman to be elected to the Canadian House of Commons, and one of the first two women elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Active throughout her life in progressive Canadian politics, Macphail worked for two separate parties and promoted her ideas through column-writing, activist organizing, and legislation. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Yousuf Karsh - Self portrait Yousuf Karsh, CC (December 23, 1908 – July 13, 2002) was a Canadian photographer of Armenian birth, and one of the most famous and accomplished portrait photographers of all time. ... Library and Archives Canada (in French: Bibliothèque et Archives Canada) is a Canadian federal government department responsible for the collection and preservation of the documentary heritage of Canada through texts, pictures and other documents relevant to the culture of Canada and the politics of Canada. ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar). ... Type Lower House Speaker Peter Milliken, Liberal since January 29, 2001 Leader of the Government in the House of Commons Peter Van Loan, Conservative since January 4, 2007 Opposition House Leader Ralph Goodale, Liberal since January 23, 2006 Members 308 Political groups Conservative Party Liberal Party Bloc Québécois... The Provincial Parliament of Ontario, is the legislature of the Canadian province of Ontario. ... For other uses, see Progressivism (disambiguation). ... The politics of Canada function within a framework of constitutional monarchy and a federal system of parliamentary government with strong democratic traditions. ...

Agnes Macphail was born to Dougald McPhail and Henrietta Campbell in Proton Township, Grey County, Ontario on March 24, 1890. In the early years of her life, Agnes was called "McPhail", but after visiting Scotland on a trip this changed. She rediscovered her familial roots and the traditional spelling of "Macphail" (with no capital 'P' as in MacPhail). The community of Dundalk, Ontario, Canada, has a population of 2,000 (2006). ... Categories: Stub | Ontario counties and regions ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ...

Attending the teachers college in Stratford, she taught in schools in southwest Ontario. While working in Sharon, Macphail became active politically, joining the United Farmers of Ontario (UFO) and its women's organization, the United Farm Women of Ontario. She also became a columnist for the Farmers' Sun around this time. Stratford is a city on the Avon River in Perth County in southwestern Ontario, Canada with a population of 30,461, according to the 2006 census. ... Sharon is a former village which has been incorporated into the municipality of the Town of East Gwillimbury, Ontario, Canada, formerly the Township of East Gwillimbury. ... The United Farmers of Ontario (UFO) were a political party in Ontario, Canada. ...

After amendments to the Elections Act by the Conservative Party government in 1919, Macphail was elected to the House of Commons as a member of the Progressive Party of Canada for the Grey Southeast electoral district (riding) in the 1921 federal election. She was the first woman Member of Parliament (MP) in Canada. Macphail was re-elected in the 1925, 1926, and 1930 federal elections. Canada Elections Act is an Act of the Parliament of Canada respecting the election of members of parliament to the Canadian House of Commons, repealing other Acts relating to elections and making consequential amendments to other Acts. ... The Conservative Party of Canada has gone by a variety of names over the years since Canadian Confederation. ... The Progressive Party of Canada was a political party in Canada in the 1920s and 1930s. ... Grey Southeast was a federal electoral district represented in the Canadian House of Commons from 1917 to 1935. ... A constituency is any cohesive corporate unit or body bound by shared structures, goals or loyalty. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1921 election The Canadian federal election of 1921 was held on December 6, 1921 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a parliament. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1925 election The Canadian federal election of 1925 was held to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1926 election The Canadian federal election of 1926 was held to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1930 election The Canadian federal election of 1930 was held on July 28, 1930 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons to the 17th Parliament. ...

As a radical member of the Progressive Party, Macphail joined the socialist Ginger Group, faction of the Progressive Party that later led to the formation of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF). She became the first president of the Ontario CCF in 1933. However, she left the CCF in 1934 when the United Farmers of Ontario pulled out due to fears of Communist influence in the Ontario CCF. While Maphail was no longer formally a CCF member, she remained close to the CCF MPs and often participated in caucus meetings. The CCF did not run candidates against Macphail in her three subsequent federal campaigns. A ginger group is a formal or informal grouping of people within a larger organisation that actively works for more radical change to the policies, practices or office-holders of the organisation, while still supporting the goals of the organisation. ... The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) was a Canadian political party founded in 1932 in Calgary, Alberta, by a number of socialist, farm, co-operative and labour groups, and the League for Social Reconstruction. ... The Ontario New Democratic Party (formerly known as the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, Ontario Section) is a social democratic political party in Ontario, Canada. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In the 1935 federal election, Macphail was again elected, this time as a United Farmers of Ontario–Labour^[1]MP for the newly formed Grey—Bruce riding. She was allowed to use the party's name, even after it stopped being a political organization in 1934. She was always a strong voice for rural issues. Another one of Macphail's issues was penal reform; her efforts led to the formation of the investigative Archambault Commission in 1936. Macphail's concern for women in the criminal justice system led her, in 1939, to found the Elizabeth Fry Society of Canada, named after British reformer Elizabeth Fry. The Canadian parliament after the 1935 election The Canadian federal election of 1935 was held to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... Grey—Bruce was a federal electoral district represented in the Canadian House of Commons from 1935 to 1968. ... The Archambault Report was an influential study of the penitentiary system in Canada that was tabled in 1938. ... The Canadian Association of Elizabeth Fry Societies (CAEFS) is an association of groups operating under the Elizabeth Fry Society banner. ... Elizabeth Fry Elizabeth Fry (née Gurney; 21 May 1780 – 12 October 1845) was an English prison reformer, social reformer and, as a Quaker, a Christian philanthropist. ...

Causes she championed included pensions for seniors and workers' rights. Macphail was also the first Canadian woman delegate to the League of Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, where she worked with the World Disarmament Committee. Although a pacifist, she voted for Canada to enter World War II. Social security primarily refers to social welfare service concerned with social protection, or protection against socially recognized conditions, including poverty, old age, disability, unemployment and others. ... 1939–1941 semi-official emblem Anachronous world map in 1920–1945, showing the League of Nations and the world Capital Not applicable¹ Language(s) English, French and Spanish Political structure International organization Secretary-general  - 1920–1933 Sir James Eric Drummond  - 1933–1940 Joseph Avenol  - 1940–1946 Seán Lester Historical... Coat of arms of the Canton of Geneva Coat of arms of the City of Geneva Geneva (French: Genève, German: Genf, Italian: Ginevra, Romansh Genevra, Spanish: Ginebra) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zurich), located where Lake Geneva (French: Lac de Genève or Lac L... Pacifist redirects here. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

In the 1940 election, she was defeated. With the death of United Reform MP for Saskatoon City, Walter George Brown, a few days after the election, Macphail was recruited by the United Reform Movement to run in the by-election to fill the seat. On August 19, she was defeated by Progressive Conservative candidate Alfred Henry Bence. He received 4,798 votes, while Macphail placed second with 4,057 votes.^[2] It was her last federal campaign as a candidate. The Canadian parliament after the 1940 election The Canadian federal election of 1940 was the 19th general election in Canadian history. ... The United Reform Movement or United Reform was an attempt in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, to create a left wing farmer-labour coalition. ... For the major league baseball player, see Jumbo Brown Rev. ... is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Out of office, she wrote agricultural columns for the Globe and Mail newspaper in Toronto. Following a family tragedy in her home town, Macphail moved to the Toronto suburb of East York, Ontario and rejoined the Ontario CCF in 1942 becoming its farm organizer. The Globe and Mail is a large Canadian English language national newspaper based in Toronto. ... Coordinates: Country Canada Province Ontario Established 1967 Amalgamation 1998 with Toronto Government  - Mayor David Miller (Toronto Mayor)  - Governing Body Toronto City Council  - MPs Jack Layton, Maria Minna  - MPPs Michael Prue, Peter Tabuns Area  - Borough 21. ...

Unveiling of commemorative bust of Agnes Macphail

In the 1943 provincial election, Macphail was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a member of the Ontario CCF representing the suburban Toronto riding of York East. She and Rae Luckock were the first women elected to the Ontario Legislature. She was the first woman sworn in as an Ontario Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP). Although defeated in the 1945 provincial election, she was elected again in the 1948 election. Macphail was responsible for Ontario's first equal pay legislation, passed in 1951, but was unable to continue her efforts when she was defeated in elections later that year. At that time, Macphail was barely able to support herself through journalism, public speaking and organizing for the Ontario CCF. The Ontario general election of 1943 was held on August 4, 1943, to elect the 90 Members of the Legislative Assembly (Members of Provincial Parliament, or MPPs) of the Province of Ontario, Canada. ... The Provincial Parliament of Ontario, is the legislature of the Canadian province of Ontario. ... York East was the name of three federal electoral district represented in the Canadian House of Commons at different times and of a provincial district and located in the province of Ontario. ... Margaret Rae Morrison Luckock (October 15, 1893 - January 24, 1972) known as Rae Luckock was a feminist, social justice activist, peace activist and, with Agnes Macphail, one of the two first women elected to the Ontario legislature. ... A Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) is an elected member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario, Canada. ... The Ontario general election of 1945 was held to elect the 90 members of the Legislative Assembly (Members of Provincial Parliament, or MPPs) of the Province of Ontario, Canada. ... The Ontario general election of 1948 was held to elect the 90 members of the Legislative Assembly (Members of Provincial Parliament, or MPPs) of the Province of Ontario, Canada. ... The Ontario general election of 1951 was held to elect the 90 members of the Legislative Assembly (Members of Provincial Parliament, or MPPs) of the Province of Ontario, Canada. ...

Macphail never married. She died February 13, 1954, aged 63, in Toronto, just before she was to have been offered an appointment to the Canadian Senate. She is buried in Priceville, Ontario, with her parents and Gertha Macphail, one of her two sisters. Her tombstone is incorrectly spelled "McPhail". is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar). ... The Senate of Canada (French: Le Sénat du Canada) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the House of Commons. ... Priceville is a village in Grey County, Ontario, Canada. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ...

A prestigious public speaking contest is held in her name annually in East York, Toronto, Ontario. There is also an apartment building in Windsor, Ontario named after her ("Agnes Macphail Manor" at 860 Mercer Street). Coordinates: Country Canada Province Ontario Established 1967 Amalgamation 1998 with Toronto Government  - Mayor David Miller (Toronto Mayor)  - Governing Body Toronto City Council  - MPs Jack Layton, Maria Minna  - MPPs Michael Prue, Peter Tabuns Area  - Borough 21. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... Nickname: Motto: The river and the land sustain us. ...

In a contest run by former Ontario MPP Marilyn Churley, Agnes Macphail was voted as the Greatest Ontario Woman. On June 24 2006, a cairn commemorating Agnes Macphail's life was unveiled in Hopeville, Southgate Township, Grey County, Ontario. Signs, at the boundaries of the Grey Southeast riding that Miss Macphail represented from 1921 to 1940, have been placed on Grey County road signs, reminding travellers of the woman who was Canada's first woman MP and the people and area she represented. In 1981, a public school in Scarborough, Ontario was named after her.^[3] Prominent Ontario NDP member Marilyn Churley Marilyn Churley (born May 7, 1948 in Old Perlican, Newfoundland) is a Canadian politician, who represents the riding of Toronto—Danforth in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. ... is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Cairn (disambiguation). ... Entering Southgate Township Southgate is a township in western Ontario, Canada, in the southeast corner of Grey County. ... Categories: Stub | Ontario counties and regions ... Country Canada Province Ontario Established 1 January 1850 (township)   1 January 1967 (borough) Incorporated Amalgamation June 1983 (city) 1 January 1998 Government  - Mayor David Miller (Toronto Mayor)  - Governing Body Toronto City Council  - MPs John Cannis, Jim Karygiannis, Derek Lee, John McKay, Dan McTeague, Tom Wappel  - MPPs Bas Balkissoon, Lorenzo Berardinetti...

Reference and notes

1. ^ Candidates (HTML). History of Federal Elections since 1867. Elections Canada. Retrieved on 2007-05-06.
2. ^ By-Elections: SASKATOON CITY (1940/08/19) (HTML). History of Federal Elections since 1867. Elections Canada. Retrieved on 2007-05-06.
3. ^ Agnes Macphail PS (HTML). Schools. Toronto District School Board (2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-20.A public school in the TDSB is usually a school that goes from Junior Kindergarten to Grade 8.

Elections Canada is the non-partisan agency of the Government of Canada responsible for the conduct of federal elections and referendums. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Elections Canada is the non-partisan agency of the Government of Canada responsible for the conduct of federal elections and referendums. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Toronto District School Board, also known as TDSB, is the English-language public school board for Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Celebrating Women's Achievements - Agnes Campbell Macphail
• Federal Political Experience
• The Heritage Foundation History Minute film about Macphail's efforts at penal reform
• Agnes Macphail Website and Digital Collection