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Encyclopedia > Agorism
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Agorism is an anarchist political philosophy founded by Samuel Edward Konkin III and characterized by proponents as left-libertarian. The goal of agorists is a society in which all "relations between people are voluntary exchanges — a free market."[1]. The term comes from the Greek word "agora" an open place for assembly and market in ancient Greek city-states. Ideologically, it is a term representing a revolutionary type of free market anarchism.[2] The characteristic distinguishing it from other forms of market anarchism is its strategic emphasis on "counter-economics" - untaxed "black" market activity. Image File history File links Portal. ... Anarchist redirects here. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Political philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about the state, government, politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law and the enforcement of a legal code by authority: what they are, why (or even if) they are needed, what makes a government legitimate, what... Samuel Edward Konkin III (aka SEK3) was the author of The New Libertarian Manifesto and a proponent of the political philosophy which he called agorism. ... Left-libertarianism is a term that has been adopted by several different movements and theorists. ... A free market is an idealized market, where all economic decisions and actions by individuals regarding transfer of money, goods, and services are voluntary, and are therefore devoid of coercion and theft (some definitions of coercion are inclusive of theft). Colloquially and loosely, a free market economy is an economy... The classic understanding of market anarchism comes from mutualists (such as Proudhon) and some individualist anarchists (such as Tucker), who supported a market economy and a system of possession based upon labour and use. ...


The seminal and definitive treatise, Konkin's New Libertarian Manifesto[3], was published in 1980. However, the philosophy was presented fictionally previously in J. Neil Schulman's novel Alongside Night in 1979. He was inspired to portray Konkin's ideas in fictional form by the example of Ayn Rand's proto-libertarian novel Atlas Shrugged, and Konkin wrote an afterword 'How Far Alongside Night?' for the 1987 Avon paperback edition of Alongside Night. Joseph Neil Schulman (born April 16, 1953 in Forest Hills, New York, USA) is an author, screenwriter, journalist and radio personality. ... Alongside Night is a libertarian dystopian novel by Science Fiction Writer J. Neil Schulman. ... Ayn Rand (IPA: , February 2 [O.S. January 20] 1905 – March 6, 1982), born Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum (Russian: ), was a Russian-born American novelist and philosopher,[1] known for creating a philosophy she named Objectivism and for writing the novels We the Living, The Fountainhead, Atlas Shrugged and the... For the film, see Atlas Shrugged (film). ...


Agorists are propertarian market anarchists who consider that property rights are natural rights deriving from the primary right of self-ownership and are not opposed in principle to collectively held property if individual owners of the property consent to collective ownership by contract or other voluntary mutual agreement. Thus, agorism can be considered a type of anarcho-capitalism.[4] Agorists consider their ideas to be an evolution and superation of those of Murray Rothbard. Konkin describes agorists as "strict Rothbardians...and even more Rothbardian than Rothbard."[5] Propertarianism is the advocacy of the private individual or group ownership of legal, transferable, private property titles within a free market. ... The classic understanding of market anarchism comes from mutualists (such as Proudhon) and some individualist anarchists (such as Tucker), who supported a market economy and a system of possession based upon labour and use. ... This page deals with property as ownership rights. ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... Self-ownership or sovereignty of the individual or individual sovereignty is the condition where an individual has the exclusive moral right to control his or her own body and life. ... In politics and economics, voluntarism (or voluntaryism) is the idea that human relations should be based on voluntary cooperation and natural law, to the exclusion of any political compulsion. ... Anarcho-capitalism refers to an anti-statist philosophy that embraces capitalism as one of its foundational principles. ... Murray Newton Rothbard (March 2, 1926 – January 7, 1995) was an influential American economist, historian and natural law theorist belonging to the Austrian School of Economics who helped define modern libertarianism. ...


Strategically, agorists are advocates or conscious practitioners of counter-economics (peaceful black and grey markets). Agorism advocates achieving a market anarchist society through advocacy and growth of the underground economy or "black market" — the "counter-economy" as Konkin put it — until such a point that the State's perceived moral authority and outright power have been so thoroughly undermined that revolutionary market anarchist legal and security enterprises are able to arise from underground and ultimately suppress government as a criminal activity (with taxation being treated as theft, war being treated as mass murder, et cetera). The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into underground economy. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The classic understanding of market anarchism comes from mutualists (such as Proudhon) and some individualist anarchists (such as Tucker), who supported a market economy and a system of possession based upon labour and use. ... Advocacy is the act of arguing on behalf of a particular issue, idea or person. ... This box:      The underground economy or shadow economy consists of all commerce that is not taxed. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into underground economy. ... A private defense agency (PDA) is a hypothetical agency that provides defense voluntarily through the free market. ...

Contents

Early publications

This section does not cite any references or sources.
Please improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. (August 2007)

J. Neil Schulman, managing editor of Konkin's magazine New Libertarian at the time of its first publication in 1979, first promoted the philosophy of Agorism in his novel Alongside Night, which he began writing in 1974, when he was an editor for Konkin's magazine, New Libertarian Notes. On their cross-country automobile trip from New York to California in August 1975, Konkin and Schulman outlined a book to be co-authored by them titled CounterEconomics. When the outline and sample chapters for CounterEconomics failed to achieve a contract with an advance from a major publisher, Schulman went back to work finishing Alongside Night while Konkin devoted his energies to his own magazine publishing before eventually writing The New Libertarian Manifesto and An Agorist Primer, scheduled to be published by Victor Koman's KoPubCo, which published the most recent edition of The New Libertarian Manifesto. Before his death Konkin completed a manuscript for CounterEconomics which is also scheduled to be published by KoPubCo. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ...


Counter-economics as revolutionary theory

According to a short summary of the agorist conception of market anarchist revolution, Agorist Revolution in a Nutshell:

Agorism is revolutionary market anarchism.


In a market anarchist society, law and security will be provided by market institutions, not political institutions. Agorists recognize, therefore, that those institutions can not develop through political reform. Instead, they will come about as a result of market processes.


As government is banditry, revolution culminates in the suppression of government by market providers of security and law. Market demand for such service providers is what will lead to their emergence. Development of that demand will come from economic growth in the sector of the economy that explicitly shuns state involvement (and therefore can not turn to the state in its role as monopoly provider of security and law). That sector of the economy is the counter-economy — black and grey markets.

– Brad Spangler, Agorist Revolution in a Nutshell

Views on property

By preferring the term "free market" agorists feel they are not bound by the implications of the term "capitalism". Government-favored corporations are viewed by agorists to link the illegitimacy of the state to many such businesses. State restrictions that limit liability on corporations are believed to corrupt those businesses such that the upper management acts irresponsibly with corporate assets. For example, if such businesses excessively pay executives and are then unable to meet contractual debts, many state laws protect the wages of those responsible for the bankruptcy. Agorists argue that liability cannot simply disappear by act of government and so legitimate business will always have managers or owners who will be held responsible for any actions taken. A free market is an idealized market, where all economic decisions and actions by individuals regarding transfer of money, goods, and services are voluntary, and are therefore devoid of coercion and theft (some definitions of coercion are inclusive of theft). Colloquially and loosely, a free market economy is an economy... For other uses, see Capitalism (disambiguation). ... Limited liability (LL) is liability that is limited to a partner or investors investment. ...

Corporations are creatures of the State, created by it and having two privileges that protect them from market pressures. First, corporate liability for damages to others is automatically limited by fiat; and second, responsibility is shifted away from individuals to a fictional entity. Each of the Cadre assumes full responsibility for his or her actions, though liabilities may be insured.

– Merce Rampart, "Chairman of the Revolutionary Agorist Cadre" in Schulman's Alongside Night

Konkin was opposed to the concept of intellectual property rights, and wrote the article "Copywrongs" to explain and support this position. Schulman later took position against Konkin's arguments in "Informational Property: Logorights." While Konkin opposed state copyright and patent laws as constructs of the state, and creators of illegitimate monopoly, as did Benjamin Tucker before him. Schulman argued that the material identity displayed by an original creation could be owned as an exclusive natural property right. For the 2006 film, see Intellectual Property (film). ... Benjamin Ricketson Tucker Benjamin Ricketson Tucker (April 17, 1854 – June 22, 1939) was the leading proponent of American individualist anarchism in the 19th century. ...


Agorists may promote and argue for reconciliation between writings by authors as different as Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and David Friedman in part by acknowledging terminological differences, most evident by the word "property" itself.[citation needed] Theory and practice Issues History Culture By region Lists Related Anarchism Portal Politics Portal ·        Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (pronounced [ˈpruːd É’n] in British English, [pʁu dɔ̃] in French) (January 15, 1809 – January 19, 1865) was a French mutualist political philosopher of the socialist tradition. ... David D. Friedman (b. ...


Three types of capitalists

Many agorists, like all anarcho-capitalists, refer to the free market as capitalism. However, according to Konkin, agorists make a 3-part distinction between participants in capitalism.

entrepreneur[6] or venture capitalist non-statist capitalist pro-statist capitalist
(good) (neutral) (bad)
innovator, risk-taker, producer
the strength of a free market		 holders of capital
not necessarily ideologically aware
"relatively drone-like non-innovators"		 "the main Evil in the political realm"

Konkin claimed that anarcho-capitalists tend to conflate the first and second types, and implies that "Marxoids and cruder collectivists" conflate all three. [7]


Political action

Agorists tend to oppose voting and political participation, and at least do not believe that such could ever be an effective means to bring about a free society. They support education and direct action, with a particular focus on counter-economics. For the Canadian urban guerrilla group Direct Action, see Squamish Five. ... The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ...


Agorism might be considered an attempt to reconcile anarcho-capitalism with mutualism, left-libertarianism, and libertarian socialism. Anarcho-capitalism refers to an anti-statist philosophy that embraces capitalism as one of its foundational principles. ... Mutualism is an economic theory or system, largely associated with Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, based on a labor theory of value which holds that in extreme laissez-faire, market competition will cause the market values (prices) of commodities and services to align with the amount of labor embodied in those things. ... Left-libertarianism is a term that has been adopted by several different movements and theorists. ... Libertarian socialism is a group of political philosophies that aim to create a society without political, economic or social hierarchies - a society in which all violent or coercive institutions would be dissolved, and in their place every person would have free, equal access to tools of information and production, or...


See also

Economic secession is a term that John T. Kennedy introduced to refer to a libertarian/anarchist activist technique. ... Theory and practice Issues History Culture By region Lists Related Anarchism Portal Politics Portal ·        Individualist anarchism (also anarchist individualism, anarcho-individualism, individualistic anarchism) refers to any of several traditions that hold that individual conscience and the pursuit of self-interest should not be constrained by any collective body or public... Mutualism is an economic theory or system, largely associated with Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, based on a labor theory of value which holds that in extreme laissez-faire, market competition will cause the market values (prices) of commodities and services to align with the amount of labor embodied in those things. ... Geolibertarianism (also geoanarchism) is a liberal political philosophy that holds along with other forms of libertarian individualism that each individual has an exclusive right to the fruits of his or her labor, as opposed to this product being owned collectively by society or the community. ...

Notes

  1. ^ Konkin, Samuel Edward. New Libertarian Manifesto
  2. ^ Agorism is revolutionary market anarchism. Agorism.info
  3. ^ New Libertarian Manifesto
  4. ^ Agorism satisfies standard definitions of anarcho-capitalism, including the one in the anarcho-capitalism Wikipedia article. For a discussion, see Discussion on Agorism vs. Anarcho-Capitalism.
  5. ^ "Interview With Samuel Edward Konkin III"
  6. ^ Note that an entrepreneur in this instance is not necessarily a capitalist.
  7. ^ Interview with Samuel Edward Konkin III.

Anarcho-capitalism refers to an anti-statist philosophy that embraces capitalism as one of its foundational principles. ... An entrepreneur (a loanword from French introduced and first defined by the Irish economist Richard Cantillon) is a person who operates a new enterprise or venture and assumes some accountability for the inherent risks. ...

External links

  • Agorism.info
  • Agorist Action Alliance (A3)
  • The New Libertarian Manifesto
  • Interview With Samuel Edward Konkin III
  • http://127.0.0.1:8888/SSK@Ly3m~RoTy6qxyGMYTKyziSmAPb8PAgM,88PHE2a2FK2kYfxGUpbnJg/MLL/5// — You must be running Freenet 0.5 for this link to work.

 
 

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