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In the 1950s, a leftist party in the socioeconomic sense was a party that promoted social equality, expanded social services, supported progressive taxation, a large public sector, state intervention in the economy, and a utopian just society in the form of the kibbutz and the moshav.
The religious cleavage divides parties and population groups as Haredi (ultra-orthodox), national-religious, traditionalist, liberal and secular in the Jewish sector and Islamist and liberal-secular in the Arab sector.
Parties that are overwhelmingly liberal or secular are Shinui, Meretz, the Communist Party, and Sharanskys party.
The parties of the middle class cite the importance of the existence of a social stratum that represents the golden mean.
Agrarianparties strive for protective tariffs and other advantages (e.g., subsidies) for farmers; civil service parties aim at securing privileges for bureaucrats; regional parties are dedicated to gaining special advantages for the inhabitants of a certain region.
When the agrarianparties in the industrial countries present their demands, they include in what they call the "farm population" landless workers, cottagers, and owners of small plots of land, who have no interest in a protective tariff on agricultural products.
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