NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Agriculture in Canada

Agriculture in Canada is the production of various food/feed/fiber commodities to fulfill domestic and international human and animal sustenance needs. Plant cultivation and livestock production have abandoned subsistence agricultural practices in favour of intensive technological farming resulting in cash crops which contribute to the economy of Canada. The particular commodity produced is dependant upon its particular biogeography or ecozone and can also be classified by Canadian province. Agricultural techniques and activities have evolved for food/feed/fiber production. The nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle and the ox and plow farmer proving up on his quarter section of land in no way resemble the present farmer operating huge amounts of land or livestock with their attendant technological mechanization.^[1] Challenges to the future of Canadian agriculture include developing sustainable water management strategies for a cyclical drought prone climate, updating dryland farming techniques, stabilizing organic definitions or protocols and the decision to grow, or not to grow genetically modified foods. Domestically and internationally, some commodities have faced increased scrutiny from disease and the ensuing marketing issues. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2272x1704, 729 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Steveston, British Columbia User:Buchanan-Hermit/photographs/richmond Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2272x1704, 729 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Steveston, British Columbia User:Buchanan-Hermit/photographs/richmond Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the... Download high resolution version (848x512, 25 KB)Grain Elevator - Alberta This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (848x512, 25 KB)Grain Elevator - Alberta This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Tillage (American English), or cultivation (UK) is the agricultural preparation of the soil to receive seeds. ... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ... Media:Example. ... In agriculture, a cash crop is a crop which is sold for money. ... An ecozone or biogeographic realm is the largest scale biogeographic division of the earths surface based on the historic and evolutionary distribution patterns of plants and animals. ... A province is a territorial unit, almost always a country subdivision. ... Communities of nomadic people move from place to place, rather than settling down in one location. ... In anthropology, the hunter-gatherer way of life is that led by certain societies of the Neolithic Era based on the exploitation of wild plants and animals. ...

Agriculture in Canada began with first nations tribal practices where the gentlemen follow livestock movement, a form of transhumance and the ladies and young remain at home carrying out a hunting and gathering lifesyle. Upon arrival of the fur trader and immigrants, plant cultivation combined with pastoralism or ranching began. The Dominion Land Act of 1872 offered pioneers an opportunity to prove up a quarter section of land (one hundred and sixty acres) in Western Canada for a $10.00 filing fee.^[2] The 1901 census showed 511,100 farms and the number of farms peaked in 1941 at a record 732,800 farms.^[3]. Canadian farms, fisheries and ranches produce a wide variety of crops, livestock, food, feed, fiber, fuel and other goods by the systematic raising of plants and animals which are dependant upon the geography of the province. In 2001 Canadian farms numbered only 246,923 at a size of 676 acres (2.74 km²) as the production of food and fiber for human or livestock sustenance has evolved into intensive and industrial practices. ^[4]^[5] As of 2002, wheat constituted the largest crop area at 12.6%. Canadian farmers received a record $36.3 billion in 2001 from livestock, crop sales and program payments. ^[6] In 2001, the accrued net income of farm operators from farm production amounted to 1,633 million dollars, which amounts to 0.147% of Canada's gross domestic product at market prices which is 1,108,200 million dollars. ^[7] Fisheries are also playing an important role while forestry plays a secondary role. Canada's evolution has abandoned subsistence techniques and now sees a mere 3% of Canada's population employed as a mechanized industrial farmer who are able feed the rest of the nation's population of 30,689.0 thousand people (2001) as well as export to foreign markets. ^[8]. (Canada's estimated population was 32,777,300 on January 1, 2007. ^[9]. ) Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ... Transhumance is the seasonal movement of livestock between mountainous and lowland pastures. ... In anthropology, the hunter-gatherer way of life is that led by certain societies of the Neolithic Era based on the exploitation of wild plants and animals. ... Tillage (American English), or cultivation (UK) is the agricultural preparation of the soil to receive seeds. ... In a draw in a mountainous region, a shepherd guides a flock of about 20 sheep amidst scrub and olive trees. ... Ranching is the raising of cattle or sheep on rangeland, although one might also speak of ranching with regard to less common livestock such as elk, bison or emu. ... The Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (FARMS) is an informal collaboration of academics devoted to Mormon apologetics. ... A fishery (plural: fisheries) is an organized effort by humans to catch fish or other aquatic species, an activity known as fishing. ... Ranching is the raising of cattle or sheep on rangeland, although one might also speak of ranching with regard to less common livestock such as elk, bison or emu. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ... Fodder growing from barley In agriculture, fodder or animal feed is any foodstuff that is used specifically to feed livestock, such as cattle, sheep, chickens and pigs. ... Fiber or fibre[1] is a class of materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces, similar to lengths of thread. ... Fuel is any material that is capable of releasing energy when its chemical or physical structure is changed or converted. ... An acre is the name of a unit of area in a number of different systems, including Imperial units and United States customary units. ... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ... Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. compactum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References: ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 For the indie rock group see: Wheat (band). ... A fishery (plural: fisheries) is an organized effort by humans to catch fish or other aquatic species, an activity known as fishing. ... A decidous beech forest in Slovenia. ... Media:Example. ...

Agriculture in Canada comprises five main agricultural production sectors of commodity production resulting in farm cash receipts from both domestic and foreign markets. ^[10]

Various factors affect the socio-economic characteristics of Canadian agriculture. Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ...

History of agriculture in Canada

First Nations inhabitants of Canada are the first to process plants and animals to produce food. There was the hunter-gather lifestyle of the mainland which combined the use of buffalo jump hunting methods, fishing, berry, and herb gathering. Indigenous agricultural mainstays varied depending on the geographical area. The animal hunted also varied depending on geographical area. The Inuit traditionally would take part in Aboriginal whaling; the Dene in caribou hunting; coastal native nations such as Haida would make use of ocean fishing. ^[13] ^[14] Image File history File links Kane_Assiniboine_hunting_buffalo. ... Image File history File links Kane_Assiniboine_hunting_buffalo. ... In anthropology, the hunter-gatherer way of life is that led by certain societies of the Neolithic Era based on the exploitation of wild plants and animals. ... A buffalo jump is a cliff formation which North American Indians historically used to kill plains bison by herding the bison and driving them over the cliff. ... Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish by hooking, trapping, or gathering animals not classifiable as insects which breathe in water or pass their lives in water. ... Several types of berries from the market. ... dvdsvdxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Herbs: basil Herbs (IPA: hÉ™()b, or É™b; see pronunciation differences) are plants grown for any purpose other than food, wood or beauty. ... A Hupa man. ... Aboriginal whaling is the hunting of whales carried out by aboriginal groups who have a tradition of whaling. ... {{ethnic group| |group=Haida |image= |poptime=c. ...

The East settled initially with European civilization as Upper Canada and Lower Canada before Rupert's Land and the Northwest Territories. Flag Map of Upper Canada (orange) Capital Newark 1792 - 1797 York 1797 - 1841 Language(s) English Religion Church of England Government Constitutional monarchy Sovereign - 1791-1820 George III - 1837-1841 Victoria Lieutenant-Governor See list of Lieutenant-Governors Legislature Parliament of Upper Canada - Upper house Legislative Council - Lower house Legislative... Map of Lower Canada (green) Lower Canada was a British colony on the lower Saint Lawrence River and the shores of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence (1791-1841). ...

With the arrival of the European fur trader , inland first nations developed animal trapping and many Woodland Cree relied on their skills as the area fur trapper. ^[15] Along the U.S.A. Canada border or medicine line, the land was more suitable for cattle grazing. As the buffalo population decreased, ranching ventures increased; as well the practice of extensive farming began. Rural sociology thus developed with a Canadian identity, and geography. The fur trade was a huge part in the early economic development of North America. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The human activity of trapping consists of hunting for animals to obtain their furs, which are then used for clothes and other artifacts, or sold / bartered (see fur trade). ... Extensive farming (as opposed to Intensive farming) is an agricultural production system over a vast area of land, such as the Great Plains. ... Rural sociology is a field of sociology associated with the study of life in small towns and the country. ...

The advent of Canada's confederation, presented the nation with the task of building a transcontinental railway. Railways were hesitant to build across the prairies, so an intensive immigration policy was implemented to encourage agricultural settlement. Agricultural science began developing many new styles of farming and strains of wheat and crops so that homesteading could become a successful venture. Farming methods were developed at places such as Indian Head Experimental Farm, Rosthern Experimental Station, and Bell Farm. The Better Farming Train traveled around rural areas educating pioneer farmers.^[16] Many western farms were a quarter section which would be 160 acres (a quarter square mile, 65 hectares). The industrial revolution modernized the farming industry as mechanized vehicles replaced the oxen ploughed land or the horse drawn cart. Farms became much larger, and mechanized evolving towards industrial agriculture. See also History of Agriculture. Agricultural science is a broad multidisciplinary field that encompasses the parts of exact, natural, economic, and social sciences that are used in the practice and understanding of agriculture. ... A hectare (symbol ha) is a unit of area, equal to 10 000 square metres, commonly used for measuring land area. ... A Watt steam engine. ... These female brood sows are confined most of their lives in gestation crates too small to enable them to turn around. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

One major difference in the perspective of agriculture between the nineteenth and twentieth century is that the hunter gatherer lifestyle was more of a subsistence lifestyle, and early homesteaders grew mainly subsistence crops which would feed their own family and livestock. With population growth, advances in agricultural science, permanent settled lifestyle farmers started growing cash crops which would provide money giving an economic base for the family. In agriculture, a cash crop is a crop which is sold for money. ...

The Canada Agriculture Museum preserves Canadian agricultural history. ^[17] The Canada Agriculture Museum (French: MusÃ©e de lagriculture du Canada) in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, houses a modern working farm. ...

Major agricultural products

Crops

In 1925, Saskatchewan produced over half of the wheat in the Dominion of Canada threshing in excess of 240,000,000 bushels (6,500,000 t) of wheat. ^[18] North America has many times led other international continents as the main producer of wheat in total world production. Rapeseed, alfalfa, barley, canola, flax, rye, and oats are other popularly grown grain crops. Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. compactum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References: ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 For the indie rock group see: Wheat (band). ... A bushel is a unit of volume, used (with somewhat different definitions) in the systems of Imperial units and U.S. customary units. ... A tonne (also called metric ton) is a non-SI unit of mass, accepted for use with SI, defined as: 1 tonne = 103 kg (= 106 g). ... Binomial name Brassica napus L. Rapeseed (Brassica napus), also known as Rape, Oilseed Rape, Rapa, Rapaseed and (one particular cultivar) Canola, is a bright yellow flowering member (related to mustard) of the family Brassicaceae. ... Binomial name Medicago sativa L. Subspecies subsp. ... Binomial name Hordeum vulgare L. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is a major food and animal feed crop, a member of the grass family Poaceae. ... In agriculture, Canola is a trademarked cultivar of genetically engineered rapeseed variants from which rapeseed oil is obtained. ... Binomial name Linum usitatissimum Linnaeus. ... Binomial name Secale cereale M.Bieb. ... Species References ITIS 41455 2002-09-22 Oats are the seeds of any of several cereal grains in the genus Avena. ...

Wheat is a staple crop from Canada. To help homesteaders attain an abundance harvest in a foreshortened growing season, varieties of wheat were developed at the beginning of the twentieth century. Red Fife was the first strain; it was a wheat which could be seeded in the fall and sprout in the early spring. Red Fife ripened a week and half sooner and was a harder wheat than other spring wheats. Dr. C. Saunders, experimented further with Red Fife, and developed Marquis Wheat, resistant to rust, and came to maturity within 100 days. Some other types of wheat grown are durum, spelt, and winter wheat. Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. compactum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References: ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 For the indie rock group see: Wheat (band). ... Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum durum) is the only tetraploid species of wheat widely cultivated today. ... Binomial name Triticum spelta L. Spelt (Triticum spelta) was an important wheat species in parts of Europe from the Bronze Age to medieval times. ... Winter wheat is a cereal. ...

Horticulture

Horticulture which includes garden crops, and fruits became easier to grow with the development of plant hardiness zones. ^[19] Apples, pears, plums and prunes, peaches, apricots, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, loganberries and fruit orchards are numerous and reach commercial size in the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Niagara Peninsula of Ontario and Okanogan Valley of British Columbia. Concern has been expressed that this article or section is missing information about: horticulture as used in anthropology, a label for agriculture as used in small-scale societies. ... This article is about the satellite APPLE. For the fruit apple, see Apple. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... It has been suggested that Prune (fruit) be merged into this article or section. ... Prune refers to any of more than 125 varieties of fruit, most grown for drying. ... Binomial name Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Binomial name Prunus armeniaca L. For other uses, see Apricot (disambiguation). ... Cherry tree redirects here. ... Strawberries Promo Strawberries is an album by The Damned released October 1982 on Bronze Records (catalogue #BRON 542). ... Raspberries has multiple meanings: For the tart fruit of the plant Rubus idaeus, see Raspberry. ... Binomial name Rubus loganobaccus L.H. Bailey The loganberry (Rubus loganobaccus) is a hybrid produced from crossing a blackberry and a raspberry. ... Annapolis Valley is a valley in western Nova Scotia, formed by a trough between two parallel mountain ranges along the shore of the Bay of Fundy. ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit(Latin) One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis - Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 11 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope restored) Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Official languages English, French (the only constitutionally bilingual province in the country) Government - Lieutenant-Governor HermÃ©nÃ©gilde Chiasson - Premier Shawn Graham (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 10 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Niagara Peninsula is the portion of Ontario, Canada lying on the south shore of Lake Ontario. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English (de facto) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation - House seats - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total - Land - Water (% of total) Ranked 4th 1,076... Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour without diminishment) Official languages English Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Lieutenant-Governor Iona Campagnolo Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Parliamentary representation - House seats - Senate seats 36 6 Area Total - Land - Water (% of total) Ranked 5th 944,735 kmÂ² 925,186 kmÂ² 19,549 km...

Hazelnuts are harvested in Eastern Canada. Maple syrup and maple sugar, maple butter, and maple taffy are products of Quebec along the St. Lawrence River. The main market for Canadian maple syrup and sugar is the U.S.A. Potatoes are an abundant harvest of the Maritime Provinces. Tobacco is an agricultural commodity from the Ontario tobacco belt adjacent to Lake Erie and Quebec. Sugar beets and beet root sugar are harvested in Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, and Alberta. Binomial name Corylus avellana L. The Common Hazel (Corylus avellana) is a shrub native to Europe and Asia. ... Eastern Canada, defined politically. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Binomial name Solanum tuberosum L. The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a perennial plant of the Solanaceae, or nightshade, family, grown for its starchy tuber. ... The Maritimes or Maritime provinces are a region of Canada on the Atlantic coast, consisting of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. ... Species Nicotiana acuminata Nicotiana alata Nicotiana attenuata Nicotiana benthamiana Nicotiana clevelandii Nicotiana excelsior Nicotiana forgetiana Nicotiana glauca Nicotiana glutinosa Nicotiana langsdorffii Nicotiana longiflora Nicotiana obtusifolia Nicotiana paniculata Nicotiana plumbagifolia Nicotiana quadrivalvis Nicotiana repanda Nicotiana rustica Nicotianasuaveolens Nicotiana sylvestris Nicotiana tabacum Nicotiana tomentosa Ref: ITIS 30562 as of August 26, 2005... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the eleventh largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, it is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Two sugar beets - the one on the left has been cultivated to be smoother than the traditional beet, so that it traps less soil. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English (de facto) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation - House seats - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total - Land - Water (% of total) Ranked 4th 1,076... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Official languages English and French, per mandate of the Constitution Act 1982 Government - Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard - Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation July 15, 1870 (5th... Motto: Fortis et liber (Latin: Strong and free) Official languages English (see below) Flower Wild rose Tree Lodgepole Pine Bird Great Horned Owl Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong Premier Ed Stelmach (PC) Parliamentary representation - House seats - Senate seats 28 6 Area Total - Land - Water (% of total...

Viticulture

Viticulture refers to the growing of grapes. Grapes require a mild winter season, which can be found in some Maritime locations, southern British Columbia, and locations on the Niagara Peninsula. ^[20] wine grapes Viticulture (from the Latin word for vine) refers to the cultivation of grapes, often for use in the production of wine. ... Species Vitis acerifolia Vitis aestivalis Vitis amurensis Vitis arizonica Vitis x bourquina Vitis californica Vitis x champinii Vitis cinerea Vitis x doaniana Vitis girdiana Vitis labrusca Vitis x labruscana Vitis lincecumii Vitis monticola Vitis mustangensis Vitis x novae-angliae Vitis palmata Vitis riparia Vitis rotundifolia Vitis rupestris Vitis shuttleworthii Vitis... Species Vitis acerifolia Vitis aestivalis Vitis amurensis Vitis arizonica Vitis x bourquina Vitis californica Vitis x champinii Vitis cinerea Vitis x doaniana Vitis girdiana Vitis labrusca Vitis x labruscana Vitis monticola Vitis mustangensis Vitis x novae-angliae Vitis palmata Vitis riparia Vitis rotundifolia Vitis rupestris Vitis shuttleworthii Vitis tiliifolia Vitis... From the latin maritimus, maritime refers to things relating to the sea. ... The Niagara Peninsula is the portion of Ontario, Canada lying on the south shore of Lake Ontario. ...

Livestock

115,000 cattle roamed the southern prairies by 1900. Livestock can include the raising of cows, also commonly called cattle. Recently domestication of the buffalo and elk has initiated a new food industry. Sheep have been raised for both wool and meat. Bovine or pig barns have been a part of livestock culture. Scientists have been making forward steps in swine research giving rise to intensive pig farming. The domestication of various farm animals meant that corresponding industries such as feedlots, animal husbandry and meat processing have also been studied, and developed. Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ... Binomial name Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Cattle (often called cows in vernacular and contemporary usage, or kye as the Scots plural of cou) are domesticated ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. ... Binomial name Bison bison (Linnaeus, 1758) Subspecies B. b. ... Elk may refer to two distinct species of large deer: In Europe it refers to Alces alces, which is called a Moose in North America In North America it refers to Cervus elaphus, which is called a Red Deer in Europe. ... Species See text. ... These female brood sows are confined most of their lives in gestation crates too small to enable them to turn around. ... Dogs and sheep were among the first animals to be domesticated. ... Beef cattle on a feedlot in the Texas Panhandle A feedlot or feedyard is a type of concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) which is used for fattening livestock, notably beefcattle, prior to slaughter. ... In a draw in a mountainous region, a shepherd guides a flock of about 20 sheep amidst scrub and olive trees. ... The meat packing industry is an industry that handles the slaughtering, processing and distribution of animals such as cattle, pigs, sheep and other livestock. ...

Poultry and eggs

Fowl, Poultry, Eggs, Chickens, Geese, Ducks and Turkeys are all part of a supply-managed system, ensuring production matches demand. ^[21] ^[22] A fowl is a bird of any kind, although some types of birds use the word specifically in their names (for example, Guineafowl and Peafowl). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... An egg is an ovum produced by a female animal for reproduction, often prepared as food. ... Alternate uses: Chicken (disambiguation) Binomial name Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758) A chicken is a type of domesticated bird which is usually raised as a type of poultry. ... Other uses: Goose (disambiguation) Genera Anser Branta Chen Cereopsis † see also: Swan, Duck Anatidae Goose (plural geese) is the general English name for a considerable number of birds, belonging to the family Anatidae. ... The word duck was also used as slang for the WWII amphibious vehicle called a DUKW. It is also a cricketing term denoting a batsman being dismissed with a score of zero; see golden duck. ...

Dairy

Dairy producing is also termed Dairy farming. ^[23] Butter production in Canada was on average 330,000,000 lb (150,000 t) in the 1940s; and cheese production between 95,000,000 lb and 208,000,000 lb (43,000 t to 94,000 t) in that same time. The United Kingdom received 50,000,000 lb (23,000 t) in 1949.^[24] Dairy farm near Oxford, New York A dairy is a facility for the extraction and processing of animal milk (mostly from cows, sometimes from buffalo, sheep or goats) and other farm animals, for human consumption. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Butter is commonly sold in sticks (pictured) or blocks, and frequently served with the use of a butter knife. ... Cheese is a solid food made from the milk of cows, goats, sheep, and other mammals. ...

Fisheries

The Fishery industry is a primary income source on Canada's east and west coastal oceans as well as inland lands and rivers. Fisheries are the oldest main industry of Canada.^[25] ^[26] A lobster boat unloading its catch in Ilfracombe harbour, North Devon, England. ...

Fiber

Hemp and wool from Sheep are the main areas of fiber production of the country of Canada. Wool production was on average 16,022,000 lb (7,267 t) in the 1930s and 9,835,000 lb (4,461 t) in 1949. ^[27] Fiber flax from flaxseed has been exported to the United Kingdom. Hemp stem and fibre. ... Hemp stem and fibre. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Species See text. ... Binomial name Linum usitatissimum Linnaeus. ...

Organic farming

In recent years more and more farmers are producing alternative crops and ways of being economically viable, and are turning to organic farming. Organic cultivation of mixed vegetables in Capay, California. ...

Other

Many crop growers will supplement their income with beeswax and honey and learn beekeeping which is overseen by the apiary branch. See also bee and western honey bee. Enterprising land owners have had success growing as well as packaging and marketing the sunflower seed. Crops are not only for human consumption but also for animal consumption, which opens a new market such as canary seed. Very few farmers engage in cuniculture, or rabbit farming to any significant extent, although they are a new grocery alternative to the red meat burger. Beeswax cake Fresh wax scales (in the middle of the lower row) Beeswax is a product from a bee hive. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Beekeeping, tacuinum sanitatis casanatensis (XIV century) Beekeeping (or apiculture, from Latin apis, a bee) is the practice of intentional maintenance of honey bee colonies, commonly in hives, by humans. ... Families Andrenidae Apidae Colletidae Halictidae Megachilidae Melittidae Stenotritidae Bee collecting pollen Bees are flying insects, closely related to wasps and ants. ... Binomial name Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 The Western honey bee or European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a species of honey bee comprised of several subspecies or races. ... The sunflower seed is the seed of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus). ... Cuniculture is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising domestic rabbits, usually for their meat, fur, or wool. ...

Production

Farming activities were very labour intensive before the industrial revolution and the advent of tractors, combines, balers, etc. In the late 1800s to mid 1900s, a great percentage of the Canadian labour force was engaged in high labour, smaller farming practices. After mechanization, scientific advancement, improved marketing practices farms became more efficient, larger and less labour intensive. The labour population was freed up and went to industry, government, transportation, trade and finance. ^[28] Agriculture, stock raising and horticulture employed one-fourth of the Canadian population according to the 1951 census as well as providing products for exports and Canadian manufacturing concerns. Map of countries by agricultural output Map of countries by industrial output Map of countries by services output This is a list of countries by GDP sector composition based on nominal GDP estimates and sector composition ratios provided by the CIA World Fact Book at market or government official exchange... A postage stamp of a combine honors Russian agriculture. ... A round baler A baler is a piece of farm machinery that is used to compress a cut, raked, crop (such as hay or straw) into bales and bind the bales with twine. ...

Trade

The marketing and economic movement of our various agriculture commodities has been a challenge. Domestic trade encompasses providing goods within Canada provincially and inter-provincial. Support agencies and services such as storage, railways, warehouses, stores, banking institutions all effect domestic trade. Trade of wheat from the 'Bread basket of the World' or Canada's prairies are monitored by the Canadian Wheat Board. Canada's depression of 1882-1897 brought a low of 64¼ cents per bushel ($24/t) as of 1893. This era during Laurier's administration saw thousands of homesteads cancelled. Wheat prices soared during World War I. In 1928, Canada exported high quantities of wheat, flour, and goods. The depression took its toll on Canada as exports sunk to approximately 40% of their 1928 amount. European markets stopped needing to import Canadian wheat as they started growing their own varieties, and then World War II events put a blockade on trade to European markets. Canada became more of an industrial entity during the time of this industrial revolution, and less of an agricultural nation. Following World War II the United Kingdom entered into contract for a large amount of agricultural commodities such as bacon, cheese, wheat, oats and barley. After the United Kingdom, the United Sates is our largest external trade partner. Between 1943 and 1953, the average export of Canadian wheat was 347,200,000 bushels (9,449,000 t). The three year International Wheat Agreement of 1955, included exports of wheat or flour to 28 of 44 importing countries including Germany, Japan, Belgium, UK, and the Netherlands.^[29]^[30] The Canadian Wheat Board (known at times as the Canada Wheat Board or by the acronym CWB) was established by the Parliament of Canada in 1935 as a producer marketing system for wheat and barley. ... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nikolay II Aleksey Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Robert Nivelle Herbert H. Asquith D. Lloyd George Sir Douglas Haig Sir John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna... Canada is sometimes considered to be the country hardest hit by the Great Depression. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

Agriculture by province/territory

Newfoundland

A very small percentage of the land is suitable in Newfoundland for horticultural or crop production as there is a lot of forested and tundra geography. They do have some dairy production, and farming concerns. Following World War II, farm training was available at the Government Demonstration Farm. Bonuses wee paid for such things as the purchase of pure-bred sires, land clearing, and agriculture exhibition assistance to name a few. A much larger agricultural contribution would be fish processing. Newfoundland fisheries, supply cod for the most part, followed closely by herring, haddock, lobster, rose fish, seals, and whales. The fishing industry depends very heavily upon exports and world conditions. For other uses, see Newfoundland (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Newfoundland (disambiguation). ... the world is coming to the end!!!!! cod is going to eat up alive and do us hard up the emmm. ... Species Clupea alba Clupea bentincki Clupea caspiopontica Clupea chrysotaenia Clupea elongata Clupea halec Clupea harengus Clupea inermis Clupea leachii Clupea lineolata Clupea minima Clupea mirabilis Clupea pallasii Clupea sardinacaroli Clupea sulcata Herrings are small oily fish of the genus Clupea found in the shallow, temperate waters of the North Atlantic... Binomial name Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Haddock is a marine fish distributed on both sides of the North Atlantic. ... For the magazine, see Lobster (magazine) Subfamilies and Genera Neophoberinae Acanthacaris Thymopinae Nephropsis Nephropides Thymops Thymopsis Nephropinae Homarus Nephrops Homarinus Metanephrops Eunephrops Thymopides Clawed lobsters comprise a family (Nephropidae, sometimes also Homaridae) of large marine crustaceans. ... Sebastidae Categories: Stub ... Families Odobenidae Otariidae Phocidae Pinnipeds (fin-feet, lit. ... A Fin Whale The term whale is ambiguous: it can refer to all cetaceans, to just the larger ones, or only to members of particular families within the order Cetacea. ...

Maritime Provinces

New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island primarily contribute dairy production, along with livestock and mixed farming ventures to the Canadian agricultural picture. A small percentage of land is put into use in fruit farming as well along Nova Scotia's North West coastal areas. Canadian historians until the 1960s tended to focus on economic history, including labour history. ... Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope restored) Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Official languages English, French (the only constitutionally bilingual province in the country) Government - Lieutenant-Governor HermÃ©nÃ©gilde Chiasson - Premier Shawn Graham (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 10 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit(Latin) One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis - Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 11 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Atlantic Provinces

Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island have access to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and the Atlantic Ocean. Halibut, hake, salmon, haddock, mackerel, cod, herring, and lobster are a few of the main catches along the main fishing banks. The Atlantic fisheries account for over one-half the marketed value of fish from Canada. Cod is the predominant catch with lobsters the second in value to the Atlantic fisherman. Clams, quahogs, oysters, scallops, mussels, winkles and crabs are caught on a smaller scale. Sardines are immature herrings and provide considerable cash income. Shore fisheries off the coastal land, are carried about by the family fisherman. Deep-sea fishing is carried out in waters further out than 15 miles (28 km) from the coastline by teams of fishermen in schooners. Fisheries for the most part are the main agricultural concern followed by dairy products, brewing, and meat processing. For other uses, see Newfoundland (disambiguation). ... Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope restored) Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Official languages English, French (the only constitutionally bilingual province in the country) Government - Lieutenant-Governor HermÃ©nÃ©gilde Chiasson - Premier Shawn Graham (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 10 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit(Latin) One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis - Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 11 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Fiorello LaGuardia with a 300-pound halibut at the Fulton Fish Market. ... The term hake refers to fish in either of: families Gadidae (subfamily Phycinae) families Merlucciidae (both subfamilies Merlucciinae and Steindachneriinae). ... Illustration of a male Coho Salmon The Chinook or King Salmon is the largest salmon in North America and can grow to 1. ... Binomial name Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Haddock is a marine fish distributed on both sides of the North Atlantic. ... Mackerel is a common name applied to a number of different species of fish, mostly, but not exclusively, from the family Scombridae. ... the world is coming to the end!!!!! cod is going to eat up alive and do us hard up the emmm. ... Species Clupea alba Clupea bentincki Clupea caspiopontica Clupea chrysotaenia Clupea elongata Clupea halec Clupea harengus Clupea inermis Clupea leachii Clupea lineolata Clupea minima Clupea mirabilis Clupea pallasii Clupea sardinacaroli Clupea sulcata Herrings are small oily fish of the genus Clupea found in the shallow, temperate waters of the North Atlantic... For the magazine, see Lobster (magazine) Subfamilies and Genera Neophoberinae Acanthacaris Thymopinae Nephropsis Nephropides Thymops Thymopsis Nephropinae Homarus Nephrops Homarinus Metanephrops Eunephrops Thymopides Clawed lobsters comprise a family (Nephropidae, sometimes also Homaridae) of large marine crustaceans. ... the world is coming to the end!!!!! cod is going to eat up alive and do us hard up the emmm. ... Clawed lobsters comprise a family (Nephropidae) of large marine crustaceans. ... Categories: Pages needing attention | Animal stubs ... Quahogs (pronounced KO-hog, IPA , kwag, or kwa-HOG, IPA ), mercenaria mercenaria or venus mercenaria, are also called hard-shell clams, and by terms referring to different sizes from smallest to largest, littlenecks, cherrystones, quahogs, and chowders. The Quahog takes its name from the Narragansett Indian word poquauhock (the word... Crassostrea gigas, Marennes-OlÃ©ron Crassostrea gigas, Marennes-OlÃ©ron Crassostrea gigas, Marennes-OlÃ©ron, opened The name oyster is used for a number of different groups of mollusks which grow for the most part in marine or brackish water. ... Genera Pecten Pedum Amusium Chlamys Decatopecten Argopecten Flexopecten Lissopecten Hyalopecten Nodipecten Patinopecten Semipallium Mimachlamys Equichlamys Mesopeplum Veprichlamys Notochlamys Delectopecten Cryptopecten Anguipecten Haumea Mirapecten Volachlamys Juxtamusium Annachlamys Gloripallium Excellichlamys Bractechlamys Minnivola Coralichlamys Serratovola Somalipecten Pseudohinnites Glorichlamys Scallops are the family Pectinidae of bivalve molluscs. ... Subclasses Pteriomorpha (marine mussels) Palaeoheterodonta (freshwater mussels) Heterodonta (zebra mussels) The term mussel is used for several families of bivalve molluscs inhabiting lakes, rivers, and creeks, as well as intertidal areas along coastlines worldwide. ... Winkle is the usual name in Britain for the common periwinkle, a mollusc often eaten in England. ... Superfamilies Dromiacea Homolodromioidea Dromioidea Homoloidea Eubrachyura Raninoidea Cyclodorippoidea Dorippoidea Calappoidea Leucosioidea Majoidea Hymenosomatoidea Parthenopoidea Retroplumoidea Cancroidea Portunoidea Bythograeoidea Xanthoidea Bellioidea Potamoidea Pseudothelphusoidea Gecarcinucoidea Cryptochiroidea Pinnotheroidea * Ocypodoidea * Grapsoidea * An asterisk (*) marks the crabs included in the clade Thoracotremata. ...

Quebec

The eastern province of Quebec agricultural sector relies heavily on its fruit and vegetable production. 1890 saw the beginning of a competition to encourage farmers to improve their farms to achieve the Agricultural Merit Order. County Farm Improvement Contests were begun about 1930 involving over 5,000 farms and their evolution over five years. They have some interests in livestock and mixed farming as well dairying as well. St. Hyacinthe operates an artificial insemination station in 1951 for breeders clubs. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ... Dairy farming is a class of agricultural enterprise, raising female cattle for long-term production of milk, which may be either processed on-site or transported to a dairy for processing and eventual retail sale. ...

Ontario

Northern Ontario is mainly tundra and forested area, whereas southern Ontario has lands suitable for livestock and general farming as well as geography suitable for pasture and dairying industries. Fruit farming and tobacco farms can also be found in Southern Ontario. Ontario is the largest producer of mixed grains, soybeans and shelled corn in the Dominion. Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English (de facto) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation - House seats - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total - Land - Water (% of total) Ranked 4th 1,076... Dairy farming is a class of agricultural enterprise, raising female cattle for long-term production of milk, which may be either processed on-site or transported to a dairy for processing and eventual retail sale. ...

Prairie Provinces

The open parkland area extends across the three prairie provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. Canada's production of wheat, oats, flaxseed, and barley come mainly from this area. Meat processing is the largest industry here, followed by dairy production, breweries, and the subisidiary industry of agricultural implements. The Crow Rate or Crows Nest Freight Rate was a subsidy offered to the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) by the Canadian government. ... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Official languages English and French, per mandate of the Constitution Act 1982 Government - Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard - Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation July 15, 1870 (5th... Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: From many peoples strength) Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart - Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (Split from NWT) (9th (province)) Area Ranked 7th... Motto: Fortis et liber (Latin: Strong and free) Official languages English (see below) Flower Wild rose Tree Lodgepole Pine Bird Great Horned Owl Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong Premier Ed Stelmach (PC) Parliamentary representation - House seats - Senate seats 28 6 Area Total - Land - Water (% of total... Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. compactum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References: ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 For the indie rock group see: Wheat (band). ... Species References ITIS 41455 2002-09-22 Oats are the seeds of any of several cereal grains in the genus Avena. ... Binomial name Linum usitatissimum L. Linnaeus, 17?? Common flax (also known as linseed) is a member of the Linaceae family, which includes about 150 plant species widely distributed around the world. ... Binomial name Hordeum vulgare L. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is a major food and animal feed crop, a member of the grass family Poaceae. ...

Manitoba

Manitoba has a combination of mixed grain, livestock, and mixed farming industries in its southernmost areas. Cattle ranching around Lake Manitoba is also quite successful. Northern Manitoba is quite extensively lakes and forested geographical areas. Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Official languages English and French, per mandate of the Constitution Act 1982 Government - Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard - Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation July 15, 1870 (5th...

Saskatchewan

Saskatchewan still has cattle ranching along the southwestern corner of the province, However, grain farming and growing crops such as wheat, oats, flax, alfalfa, and rapeseed (especially canola) dominate the parkland area. Mixed grain farming, dairy farms, mixed livestock and grazing lands dot the central lowlands region of this prairie province. Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: From many peoples strength) Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart - Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (Split from NWT) (9th (province)) Area Ranked 7th... Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: From many peoples strength) Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart - Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (Split from NWT) (9th (province)) Area Ranked 7th... Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. compactum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References: ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 For the indie rock group see: Wheat (band). ... Species References ITIS 41455 2002-09-22 Oats are the seeds of any of several cereal grains in the genus Avena. ... Binomial name Linum usitatissimum Linnaeus. ... Binomial name Medicago sativa L. Subspecies subsp. ... Binomial name Brassica napus L. Rapeseed (Brassica napus), also known as Rape, Oilseed Rape, Rapa, Rapaseed and (one particular cultivar) Canola, is a bright yellow flowering member (related to mustard) of the family Brassicaceae. ... In agriculture, Canola is a trademarked cultivar of genetically engineered rapeseed variants from which rapeseed oil is obtained. ... The Geography of Saskatchewan (suskÄƒchuwun, â€“wÃ¤n, sÄƒsâ€“) [key], province (2001 pop. ...

Alberta

Alberta is renowned still for its stampedes, and cattle ranching is a main industry. Their agricultural industry is supplemented by livestock and mixed farming and wheat crops. Alberta is the second largest producer of wheat in Canada. Grain and dairying also play a role in the livelihoods of Alberta farmers. Motto: Fortis et liber (Latin: Strong and free) Official languages English (see below) Flower Wild rose Tree Lodgepole Pine Bird Great Horned Owl Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong Premier Ed Stelmach (PC) Parliamentary representation - House seats - Senate seats 28 6 Area Total - Land - Water (% of total... Motto: Fortis et liber (Latin: Strong and free) Official languages English (see below) Flower Wild rose Tree Lodgepole Pine Bird Great Horned Owl Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong Premier Ed Stelmach (PC) Parliamentary representation - House seats - Senate seats 28 6 Area Total - Land - Water (% of total... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ... Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. compactum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References: ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 For the indie rock group see: Wheat (band). ...

British Columbia

The most westerly Canadian province, British Columbia, is covered in highlands as its eastern boundary is the Rocky Mountain Range. Livestock, cattle ranches, fruit farming and dairying dot the province however. Agriculture and fisheries are a small contribution to B.C. industry overshadowed by construction and forestry. British Columbia salmon along the Pacific Ocean coastline, at times surpasses fishery production in the east, but for the most part, the main Canadian fishing industry is a product of the Maritimes. Illustration of a male Coho Salmon The Chinook or King Salmon is the largest salmon in North America and can grow to 1. ...

Northern Territorial Region

Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Nunavut are covered with the Canadian Shield, rocky outcrops, sub arctic forest soils, and stony phases make up most of the geography. It is an area of comparatively smaller population, and not commercially exploited for the most part. Whaling, prawns, and trapping contribute to the agricultural production here. Motto: none Capital Yellowknife Largest city Yellowknife Official languages Chipewyan, Cree, English, French, Gwichâ€™in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey, TÅ‚Ä¯chÇ« [1] Government - Commissioner Tony Whitford - Premier Joe Handley (Consensus government (no party affiliations)) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 1 - Senate seats 1 Confederation 1870... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Motto: Nunavut Sannginivut (Inuktitut: Nunavut our strength or Our land our strength) Capital Iqaluit Largest city Iqaluit Official languages Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, English, French Government - Commissioner Ann Meekitjuk Hanson - Premier Paul Okalik (Consensus government) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 1 (Nancy Karetak-Lindell) - Senate seats 1 (Willie Adams) Confederation... Canadian Shield The Canadian Shieldâ€” also called the Precambrian Shield, Laurentian Shield, Bouclier Canadien (French), or Laurentian Plateauâ€” is a large shield covered by a thin layer of soil that forms the nucleus of the North American craton. ... The crew of the oceanographic research vessel Princesse Alice, of Albert Grimaldi (later Prince Albert I of Monaco) pose while flensing a catch. ... Suborders Not necessary complete list: Aristeidae Penaeidae Sergestidae Sicyoniidae Solenoceridae Nematocarcinidae Atyidae Pasiphaeoidae Rhynocinetidae Campylonotidae Palaemonidae Alpheidae Ogyrididae Hippolytidae Proussidae Pandalidae Crangonidae True shrimp are small, swimming, decapod crustaceans usually classified in the suborder Natantia, found widely around the world in both fresh and salt water. ... Trapper redirects here. ...

Farm equipment

The Oliver plow was in use by 1896 which could cut through the prairie sod. Binders which could cut and tie grain for the harvest season and grain elevators for storage were introduced in the late 1800s as well. ^[31] Plows {plough), tractors, spreaders, combines to name a few are some mechanized implements for the grain crop or horticultural farmer which are labour saving devices. Many Canadian museums such as Reynolds-Alberta Museum will showcase the evolution and variety of farm machinery. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 1595 KB) Farmer plowing, by de:Benutzer:Marcela Einscharpflug aufgenommen am 12. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 1595 KB) Farmer plowing, by de:Benutzer:Marcela Einscharpflug aufgenommen am 12. ... For the constellation known as The Plough see Ursa Major. ... New Reaper McCormick Harvester and Binder A modern compact binder For other uses, see Binder (disambiguation). ... This article is about grain elevators. ... The Reynolds-Alberta Museum, in Wetaskiwin, Alberta, Canada, one of 18 provincially owned and operated historic sites and museums, honours the spirit of the machine. It traces the mechanization of Albertas transportation, aviation, agricultural, and industrial past from the 1890s to the 1970s, as cars and trucks replaced horse... Agricultural machinery is one of the most revolutionary and impactful applications of modern technology. ...

Future challenges

Drought

The depression and drought of the Dirty Thirties was devastating. Prior to this decade, droughts were cyclical in nature, but did not last over many years as in the 1930s. This drought resulted in a mass exodus of population from the prairies, as well as new agricultural practices such as soil conservation, and crop rotation for a few. A drought is a period of time when there is not enough water to support agricultural, urban, human, or environmental water needs. ... Dust storm approaching Stratford, Texas, in 1935. ...

Soil conservation and reclamation

Soil conservation practices such as crop rotation, cover crops, and windbreaks to name a few were massively developed and set in forth upon recovering from the drought experiences of the dirty thirties. Literally layers and layers of topsoil would be blowing away during this time. Bow River Irrigation Project, Red Deer River Project and the St. Mary Irrigation project of Alberta, were a few of the major projects undertaken by the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Act (P.F.R.A.) resulting in many reservoirs, and distribution systems. Sheep pasture with macroscale erosion, Australia Soil Conservation is a set of management strategies for prevention of soil being eroded from the earthâ€™s surface or becoming chemically altered by overuse, salinization, acidification, or other chemical soil contamination. ... Satellite image of circular crop fields in Haskell County, Kansas in late June 2001. ...

Disease and pests

Wheat diseases such as wheat bunt and stinking smut can be successfully treated with a fungicide. Disease of plants and animals can break an agricultural producer. Tuberculosis in animals was an early threat, and cattle needed to be tested, and areas accredited in 1956. The newer disease such as chronic wasting disease or transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) affects both elk and deer. Elk and deer raising is a pioneer field of domestication, has had a setback with this disease.^[32] Mad cow disease in cattle ^[33] and scrapie of sheep ^[34] are monitored by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. The poultry sector was plagued by Pullorum disease, and by controlling the flock via poultry husbandry, this disease has been brought under control. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of deer and American elk (wapiti). ... Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs, also known as prion diseases) are a group of progressive conditions that affect the brain and nervous system of humans and animals and are transmitted by prions. ... Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or commonly mad cow disease) is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease of cattle, which infects by a mechanism that shocked biologists on its discovery in late 20th century and appears transmissible to humans. ... Scrapie is a fatal, degenerative disease that affects the nervous systems of sheep and goats. ... The Canadian Food Inspection Agency, or CFIA, which was created in April 1997, brought together inspection and related services previously provided through the activities of four federal government departments â€“ Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Health Canada and Industry Canada. ...

Genetically modified crops/animals

Plants whose traits can be modified to survive a disease or insect have made inroads into Canadian agricultural practices. Cereal rusts which can destroy the majority of acreages seeded to wheat, was controlled in 1938 by breeding strains which were rust-resistant. This strain was successful until around 1950, when again a new strain of rust broke out, and again a new strain called Selkirk was developed which was rust resistant. ^[35] Biotechnology is the center of new research and regulations affecting agriculture this century. ^[36] This article is about the fungus. ... The structure of insulin Biotechnology is technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine. ...

Canadian agricultural government departments

The Department of Agriculture set out in the British North America Act (B.N.A.) of 1867 states each province may have jurisdiction over agricultural concerns, as well as the Dominion Government may also make law in regards to agriculture. Newfoundland agricultural affairs were dealt with by the Agricultural Division of the Department of Natural Resources at confederation. The British North America Acts 1867–1975 are a series of Acts of the British Parliament dealing with the government of Canada. ...

The B.N.A. act states that the Dominion Government has sole authority in coastal and inland fishery matters. Provinces have rights over non-tidal waters and fishing practices there only.

The Department of Agriculture and Agri-Food, also referred to as Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, is the department of the government of Canada with responsibility for policies governing agriculture production, farming income, research and development, inspection, and the regulation of animals and plants. ... In the Cabinet of Canada, The Minister of Agriculture is responsible for overseeing the federal governments agriculture department, currently known as Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. ... The Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), also referred to as Fisheries and Oceans Canada (PÃªches et OcÃ©ans Canada), is the department within the government of Canada with responsibility for the management and safety of waters under federal jurisdiction. ... The Canadian Dairy Commission is a Canadian government Crown corporation created in 1966 and is responsible for providing efficient producers of milk and cream with the opportunity to obtain a fair return for their labour and investment and to provide consumers of dairy products with a continuous and adequate supply... The Canadian Grain Commission is a Canadian government department responsible for the grain industry. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), also referred to as Fisheries and Oceans Canada (PÃªches et OcÃ©ans Canada), is the department within the government of Canada with responsibility for the management and safety of Canadas waters. ...

Developmental and Educational Institutions

The Ontario Horticultural Association (OHA) is a horticultural society in Ontario, Canada. ... The Devonian Botanical Garden is Canadas most northerly botanical garden. ... The Nova Scotia Agricultural College is a university college located in the village of Bible Hill, Nova Scotia, Canada - a suburb of the town of Truro. ... // List Of Arboreta and Botanical Gardens of Canada Alberta Alberta Horticultural Research Center Route 1 Brooks Alberta Calgary Zoological Gardens St. ... The Central Experimental Farm (CEF) is an agricultural facility, working farm, and research centre of the Research Branch of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. ... The Fisheries Centre, located in at the University of British Columbia, promotes multidisciplinary study of aquatic ecosystems and broad-based collaboration with maritime communities, government, NGOs and other partners. ... The Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) is a multinational organization with a mandate to provide scientific advice and management of fisheries in the northwestern part of the Atlantic Ocean. ...

Research

Agricultural science is a broad multidisciplinary field that encompasses the parts of exact, natural, economic, and social sciences that are used in the practice and understanding of agriculture. ... Agricultural engineers develop engineering science and technology in the context of agricultural production and processing and for the management of natural resources. ... Agricultural soil science is a branch of soil science that deals with the study of edaphic conditions as they relate to the production of food and fiber. ... Agronomy is a branch of agricultural science that deals with the study of crops and the soils in which they grow. ... Rainforests are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on earth Biodiversity is the variation of taxonomic life forms within a given ecosystem, biome or for the entire Earth. ... Biological engineering (also biosystems engineering and bioengineering) is a broad-based engineering discipline that deals with bio-molecular and molecular processes, product design, sustainability and analysis of biological systems. ... High-altitude aerial view of irrigation in the Heart of the Sahara ( ) Irrigation is the replacement or supplementation of rainfall with water from another source in order to grow crops or plants. ... The Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration is a branch under Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, a department of the Federal Government of Canada. ...

Industry categories

According to Agriculture and Food Canada, there are a number of fact sheets available about the Canadian Agriculture Industry. ^[37] A few of these are:

Canadian industries

Some agricultural related companies of Canada are Cargill Ltd., Agricore United. Many individual farmers have been able to sustain the agricultural industry via the efforts by the Farm Credit Canada agency. See also Agriculture companies of Canada. Cargill Limited is one of Canadas largest international agricultural companies. ... Agricore United TSX: AU.LV is a farmer-directed agri-business in Canada. ... Farm Credit Canada (known as Farm Credit Corporation until 2001), or FCC, is Canadas largest agricultural term lender. ...

Contents

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