Agusan del Sur is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Caraga region in Mindanao. Its capital is Prosperidad and borders, from the north clockwise, Agusan del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Davao Oriental, Compostela Valley, Davao del Norte, Bukidnon, and Misamis Oriental. Image File history File links Ph_seal_agusan_del_sur. ... Map of the Philippines showing the regions and their provinces (click for larger version). ... For a municipality in the province of Davao Oriental, see Caraga, Davao Oriental Caraga is an Administrative Region of the Philippines, on the northeastern portion of the island of Mindanao. ... Prosperidad is a 1st class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... Judiciary Supreme Court Chief Justice Reynato Puno Court of Appeals · Sandiganbayan Court of Tax Appeals · Ombudsman Elections Commission on Elections 2007 | 2004 | 2001 | 1998 1995 | 1992 | 1986 | All Foreign relations Human rights Other countries Politics Portal      A city (lungsod, sometimes siyudad, in Filipino and Tagalog) is a tier of local... Judiciary Supreme Court Chief Justice Reynato Puno Court of Appeals · Sandiganbayan Court of Tax Appeals · Ombudsman Elections Commission on Elections 2007 | 2004 | 2001 | 1998 1995 | 1992 | 1986 | All Foreign relations Human rights Other countries Politics Portal      A city (lungsod, sometimes siyudad, in Filipino and Tagalog) is a tier of local... A municipality (bayan, sometimes munisipalidad, in Filipino) is a local government unit in the Philippines. ... A barangay (Tagalog: baranggay , pronounced as ba-rang-gai, gai as in guy), also known by its former name, the barrio, is the smallest local government unit in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district or ward. ... Type Lower house Houses House of Representatives House Speaker Jose De Venecia, Jr. ... Cebuano, also known as Sugboanon, is an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines by about 20,000,000 people (according to Ethnologue). ... Maria Valentina Plaza Cornelio is the Governor of the Philippine province of Agusan del Sur. ... LAKAS is the ruling political party of the Philippines. ... Map of the Philippines showing the location of Agusan del Sur. ... Map of the Philippines showing the regions and provinces (click for larger version). ... For a municipality in the province of Davao Oriental, see Caraga, Davao Oriental Caraga is an Administrative Region of the Philippines, on the northeastern portion of the island of Mindanao. ... Map of the Philippines showing the regions and their provinces (click for larger version). ... Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost island in the Philippines. ... Prosperidad is a 1st class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... Agusan del Norte is a province of the Philippines located in the Caraga region in Mindanao. ... Surigao del Sur is a province of the Philippines located in the Caraga region in Mindanao. ... Davao Oriental is a province of the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. ... Compostela Valley is a province of the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. ... Davao, formerly Davao del Norte, is a province of the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. ... Bukidnon is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Northern Mindanao region. ... Misamis Oriental is a province of the Philippines located in the Northern Mindanao region. ...

Demographics

In 2000 the province had a population of 559,294. This represented an increase of 44,558 persons or 7.96 % since 1995. The annual population growth rate was 1.79 %. There were 103,637 households with an average household size of 5.39 persons. The population density was 62 persons per square kilometer with a male to female ration of 107:100.

The dominant religion is Roman Catholicism (79% of the population). Other major religions include the Seventh-day Adventist Church, Aglipay, Iglesia ni Cristo, and the United Church of Christ in the Philippines. The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated Adventist[1]) Church is a Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week, as the Sabbath. ... Aglipay is a 4th class municipality in the province of Quirino, Philippines. ... The Iglesia ni Cristo (IPA: ) (also known as INC or Iglesya ni Kristo ; literally Tagalog for Church of Christ) is an independent, nontrinitarian[1] Christian church that originated in the Philippines[2] The INC was incorporated in the Philippines by Felix Y. Manalo on July 27, 1914;[3] The church... Disambiguation: This article is about the United States denomination known as United Church of Christ. ...

Five tribal groups are found in the province: Aeta, Mamanwa, Bagobo, Higaonon, and Manobo. The Manobos live along the national highway and river towns towards the boundary with the Compostela Valley. The Higaonons live mostly on the western side of Agusan River, generally in Esperanza towards the boundary with Bukidnon. The Aeta are an indigenous people who live in scattered, isolated mountainous parts of the Philippines. ... Compostela Valley is a province of the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. ... The Agusan River is a river on Mindanao in the Philippines. ... Esperanza is a 1st class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... Bukidnon is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Northern Mindanao region. ...

The Agusan del Sur population is predominantly composed of immigrants from the Visayas. Intermarriages between immigrants and natives have pulled down the percentage of the lumad stock. Map of the Philippines showing Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao Visayas is one of the three island groupings in the Philippines along with Luzon and Mindanao. ...

Economy

Based on the 1995 census, 75% of the labor force is engaged in agriculture and forestry. Rice, corn and fruits are among the major agricultural crops. 1870 US Census for New York City A census is the process of obtaining information about every member of a population (not necessarily a human population). ... A decidous beech forest in Slovenia. ...

Human resources

Agusan del Sur has a labor force of 287,000 people, mostly in the agriculture and forestry sector. Several colleges, including a university, add to a well educated, highly trainable, English-speaking workforce. The province also keeps abreast of technological developments elsewhere, with some of these educational establishment offering skills development courses in Information Technology. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

Agriculture

Rice occupies the largest cultivated area, with 243.85 square kilometres of irrigated area with a yield of 410 t/km², and rainfed rice with an area of about 165.73 km² with a yield of 300 t/km². The province's rice production has the estimated capacity to feed 1,072,456 people -- far more than the provinces population. Ironically, rice insufficiency persists, especially in the upland and hard to reach barangays.

Corn plantations cover 255.25 km² for both white and yellow corn with a total production of 55,767 t in 2000 with surplus corn grits of 31,106 MT enough to feed more than 2 million people, four times greater than the province's population.

Banana is another abundant crop covering an area of 127.45 km² and could be seen everywhere but not in conventional plantation form. Banana chips are also processed in the province.

Oil palm plantation covers 118 km². The plantation is a Malaysian-Filipino joint venture, with agrarian reform beneficiaries as land owners. Crude oil is processed in the sites of Rosario, and Trento. Rosario is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... Trento is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ...

Coconut trees are widespread in the province, covering 393.36 km².

Poultry and Livestock

Despite of the government's efforts to increase poultry and livestock production, deficits in meat supply persist. Processed poultry and beef are imported from Davao City and Cagayan de Oro City. The City of Davao (Filipino: Lungsod ng Dabaw; Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Davao) is one of the most important cities in the Philippines and the de facto capital of the island of Mindanao. ... The City of Cagayan de Oro (abbreviated C.D.O. or Cag. ...

Fish

Agusan del Sur is highly dependent on Surigao del Sur and other provinces for the supply of marine products. However, the province has abundant supply of fresh water fish like mudfish, catfish and tilapia. Surigao del Sur is a province of the Philippines located in the Caraga region in Mindanao. ...

Geography

Political

Agusan del Sur is subdivided into 1 city and 13 municipalities. Judiciary Supreme Court Chief Justice Reynato Puno Court of Appeals · Sandiganbayan Court of Tax Appeals · Ombudsman Elections Commission on Elections 2007 | 2004 | 2001 | 1998 1995 | 1992 | 1986 | All Foreign relations Human rights Other countries Politics Portal      A city (lungsod, sometimes siyudad, in Filipino and Tagalog) is a tier of local... A municipality (bayan, sometimes munisipalidad, in Filipino) is a local government unit in the Philippines. ...

City

Bayugan city Bayugan is one of the newest city and the only city in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... A city (lungsod, sometimes siyudad, in Filipino) is a tier of local government in the Philippines. ...

Municipalities

Bunawan is one of the municipalities of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... Esperanza is a 1st class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... La Paz is a 1st class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... Loreto is a 1st class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... Prosperidad is a 1st class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... Rosario is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... San Francisco is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... San Luis is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... Santa Josefa is a 4th class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... Sibagat is a municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur in the Philippines. ... Talacogon is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... Trento is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... Veruela is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ...

Physical

Land area

In 1976, the province's land area was 8,568 square kilometres, making it the seventh largest province in the country. After claiming the disputed boundary between Davao del Norte, Butuan City and with the creation of Sibagat, Agusan del Sur now has an area of 8966 km². Davao, formerly Davao del Norte, is a province of the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. ... Butuan City is the regional center of the Caraga Region in the Philippines. ... Sibagat is a municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur in the Philippines. ...

The municipalities of Loreto, La Paz, Esperanza, and San Luis are the four largest municipalities in land area comprising almost 60 % of the provinces total land area. Santa Josefa and Talacogon, also river towns, have the smallest land area. Loreto is a 1st class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... La Paz is a 1st class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... Esperanza is a 1st class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... San Luis is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... Santa Josefa is a 4th class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ... Talacogon is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ...

Forestland constitutes 76% of the total land area or 6,827.5 km² while the alienable and disposable constitutes about 24% or 2,137.5 km². Present land use, however showed that settlements and commercial areas already occupy some of the forestlands.

Through the years, the province has lost so much of its forest resources because existing industries are extractive in nature.

Topography

Agusan del Sur is an elongated basin formation with mountain ranges in the eastern and western sides forming a valley, which occupies the central longitudinal section of the land. The Agusan River, which flows from Compostela Valley in the south towards Agusan del Sur in the north, runs almost in the middle of the valley and empties at Butuan Bay. The river has twelve tributaries: Wawa, Gibong and Simulao Rivers in the eastern side and Ojot, Pusilao, Kasilayan, Libang, Maasam, Adgawan, Cawayan, Umayam and Ihaon Rivers in the western side. These tributaries are fed by streams and creeks. The southern half of the province from the municipality of Veruela is an area filled with swamps and lakes, the biggest of which is Talacogon Lake. The Agusan River is a river on Mindanao in the Philippines. ... Compostela Valley is a province of the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. ... Map of Agusan del Norte showing the location of Butuan Bay and Butuan City. ... Veruela is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. ...

Climate

The province is geographically situated below the typhoon belt but is usually affected by depressions forming in the typhoon regions of Visayas and the province of Surigao del Norte. The climate map of the Philippines based on the modified coronas classification shows that the province falls under Type II.

Type II climate has no dry season with very pronounced wet season of heavy precipitation. Maximum rainfall generally occurs from December to January although there is no single dry month. Its average monthly rainfall is 355 mm. and average humidity is 27.15 degree Celsius. Areas characterized by this climate type are generally along or very near the eastern coast thus are open to the northeast monsoon.

History

The Agusan Valley was settled by a variety of cultural communities like the Manobos, Mamanwas and Higaonons. Archeological excavations in the lower Agusan valley plains have uncovered evidence of strong relationships between the region and the Southeast Asian states. A golden image of Javan-Indian design unearthed in the 1920s and molten jars uncovered in Prosperidad are indications that the region had commercial and cultural ties with the coast.

The Augustinian Recollects established a mission in Linao, in the vicinity of present day Bunawan, in 1614. However, mission work was hampered by the hostility of the surrounding Manobo tribes. At the height of the power of the Sultanate of Maguindanao in the mid-17th century, the Manobos of the Agusan Valley were in alliance with Sultan Kudarat. Linao was attacked several times during the 1629 Caraga Revolt and the 1649 Sumuroy Revolt. Nevertheless, the Recollects were able to establish themselves in their mission work, and remained there until the middle of the 19th century. Detail of St. ...

In the late 19th century, the Recollects (under protest) turned over many of their mission territories, including those in the upper Agusan region, to the reconstituted Jesuit order (the Jesuits had been banned by Papal edict in the 1760s, and ejected from the Philippines in 1768). Missionary work was interrupted by the Philippine Revolution when the Jesuits either fled or were arrested by revolutionaries. During the American occupation, lumbering became an important activity in Agusan del Sur. Visayan migrants settled in the cleared plains, pushing indigenous communities farther into the mountainous slopes.

The territory of Agusan del Sur was governed as part of the province of Caraga during most of the Spanish period. In 1860, it was placed under the comandancia of Butuan, a district of the province of Surigao. In 1914, the province of Agusan was created by the American government. Agusan was divided into Agusan del Norte and Sur in 1967 by Republic Act 4979. Republic Acts are laws in the Philippines, created by the Congress and signed by the president. ...

The province of Agusan del Sur was born on June 17, 1967 under Republic Act No. 4969 providing for the division of the province of Agusan into Agusan del Norte and Agusan del Sur. In January 1970 the first set of provincial officials assumed office after the provincial election of November, 1969. The same law provided that the capital of Agusan del Sur shall be the municipality of Prosperidad. The Government Center has been set up in Barangay Patin-ay.

Hon. Rufino C. Otero was elected as the first Provincial Governor and Honorable Democrito O. Plaza the first Congressman in the election of November 1969. The term of office of Congressman Democrito O. Plaza would have continued until December 1983 had it not for the proclamation of Martial Law on September 21, 1972, which in effect abolished the Congress. When the Interim Batasang Pambansa was convened in 1978 after almost a decade of absence under the martial Law, Hon. Edelmiro Amante represented the province in the National Assembly.

Cultural history

Agusan derived its name from the local dialect, "agasan", meaning "where the water flows", referring to the great river splitting the land and meandering south to north in a 250-kilometer rush to Butuan Bay. Agusan River - the third largest in the country - served as highway for the Spanish colonizers in gaining access to inner north-eastern Mindanao.

The history of Agusan del Sur is essentially linked with that of its sister province, Agusan del Norte, for most of their historical existence, they were but one province under one governor or under one local civil government.

Agusans pre-hispanic cultural history is traced back to the great influence of the Majapahit Empire through the discovery of an eight-inch (200 mm) tall image of a woman in pure gold at Maasam, Esperanza in the early 1920s and molten jars unearthed at Bah-bah, Prosperidad. The aborigines of Agusan del Sur are the ancestors of the present day Mamanwas, who were driven to the hinterlands by waves of Malay immigrants. These immigrants, in turn, sought the protection of the interior jungles because of the forays and the constant raids of "moro" pirates. The "moros" being sea-faring people confined themselves to the coastal areas, where they started their settlements.

Highlights

Gibong River

The Gibong River is a stretch of water with a view of unharmed vegetation in its banks. The river is the only gateway to Binaba Falls. It is also the source of water supply irrigating some 60 square kilometres of rice fields of three municipalities in the province.

Binaba Falls

The Binaba Falls is situated in the heart of a jungle-like foot of the mountain, with clear waters emitting from the springs, cascading onto boulders of limestone. The falls offer a very refreshing bath after a fifteen-minutes ride on a motor-banca from the mini wharf of Prosperidad town passing along the Gibong River.

Bega Falls

Reputed to be the haven of beautiful ladies according to legend, Bega falls has a forest breeze that will surely ease up tired visitors and tourists after an hour hike from an access road. Exotic hanging ornamental plants can also be seen in its vicinity and along the way.

Tugonan Falls

The name derived from the word "Tugon" meaning a promise, Tugonan waterfalls in Barangay San Lorenzo of Prosperidad Town offers a natural wonder where one will surely promise to come back after a visit. The towering trees on its vicinity with wild ornamental plants and orchids hanging on branches, one could have dreamed having gone to paradise.

Agusan Marsh

Agusan Marsh is one of the most ecologically significant wetlands in the Philippines. Found in the heart of Mindanao's Agusan Basin, this vast expanse of marsh covers an area roughly the size of Metro Manila. It contains nearly 15 % of the nation's fresh water resources in the form of swamp forests.

During the rainy season, when the water rises to create large lakes, vast number of ducks come to Agusan Marsh to nest. In the dry months, thousands of birds come from as faraway as Japan, China and Russia to escape the chilly winter winds of Northern Asia. Over 200 individual species have been known to spend at least part of the year in the marsh, making it one of Asia's most important transit points for wild birds.

In the very heart of the marsh is a semi-permanent lake where many square kilometres of lily pads, hyacinths and other hydrophytic plants spread out like an enormous green quilt. In the dark tea-colored waters live untold numbers of catfish, carp, soft-shell fresh water turtles, and crocodiles.

Agusan Marsh is also host to "Wonderland", where you can see natural "bonsai" trees crafted by nature. It can be reached from Barangay Caimpogan or from Barangay New Visayas in the municipality of San Francisco.

The tiny community of mostly ethnic Manobos have made their permanent homes deep within the marsh, living on floating homes. The small houses made of bamboo and nipa lashed to hard wood logs, freely rise or fall with the level of the marsh itself. The marsh provides virtually everything the Manobos need.

External links

• Agusan del Sur provincial profile at Philippine Provincial Profiles
• The Official Website of the Provincial Government of Agusan del Sur
• More info about Agusan del Sur at the Agusan–Surigao Historical Archive

Coordinates: 8°30′N, 125°50′E Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Philippines. ... This is a list of current and former national capital cities in the Philippines, which includes during the time of the Spanish colonization, the First Philippine Republic, the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the Second Republic of the Philippines (Japanese-Sponsored Republic), the Third Republic of the Philippines, the Fourth Republic... Nickname: Map of Metro Manila showing the location of Manila Coordinates: 14°35 N 121° E Country Philippines Region National Capital Region Districts 1st to 6th districts of Manila Barangays 897 Incorporated (city) June 10, 1574 Government  - Mayor Alfredo Lim (GO)  - Vice Mayor Isko Moreno (Asenso Manilenyo/PDP-Laban) Area... 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Romblon is an island province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region in Luzon. ... Samar, formerly Western Samar, is a province of the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region. ... Sarangani is a province of the Philippines located in the SOCCSKSARGEN region in Mindanao. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Shariff Kabunsuan Region: Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) Capital: Kabuntalan Founded: Population: 2000 census— () Density— per km² () Area: km² () Divisions: Highly urbanized cities—0 Component cities—0 Municipalities—10 Barangays— Congressional districts— Languages: Maguindanaoan Governor: (2004-2007) Shariff Kabunsuan is the newest province... Siquijor is an island province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas region. ... Sorsogon is a province of the Philippines located in the Bicol Region in Luzon. ... South Cotabato is a province of the Philippines located in the SOCCSKSARGEN region in Mindanao. ... Southern Leyte is a province of the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region. ... Sultan Kudarat is a province of the Philippines located in the SOCCSKSARGEN region in Mindanao. ... Sulu is an island province of the Philippines located in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). ... Surigao del Norte is a province of the Philippines located in the Caraga region in Mindanao. ... Surigao del Sur is a province of the Philippines located in the Caraga region in Mindanao. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Tarlac Region: Central Luzon (Region III) Capital: Tarlac City Founded: 1872 Population: 2000 census—1,068,783 (23rd largest) Density—350 per km² (14th highest) Area: 3,053. ... Tawi-Tawi is an island province of the Philippines located in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). ... Zambales is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Zamboanga del Norte Region: Zamboanga Peninsula (Region IX) Capital: Dipolog City Founded: June 23, 1635 and June 6, 1952 Population: 2000 census—823,130 (27th largest) Density—124 per km² (27th highest) Area: 6,618. ... Zamboanga del Sur is a province of the Philippines located in the Zamboanga Peninsula region in Mindanao. ... Zamboanga del Sur is a province of the Philippines located in the Zamboanga Peninsula region in Mindanao. ... The Philippines is divided into: Regions of the Philippines Provinces of the Philippines Municipalities of the Philippines and Cities of the Philippines Barangays Each division at each level is a local government unit (LGU). ... The Philippines is divided into three island groups. ... Map of the Philippines showing the regions and their provinces (click for larger version). ... Judiciary Supreme Court Chief Justice Reynato Puno Court of Appeals · Sandiganbayan Court of Tax Appeals · Ombudsman Elections Commission on Elections 2007 | 2004 | 2001 | 1998 1995 | 1992 | 1986 | All Foreign relations Human rights Other countries Politics Portal      A city (lungsod, sometimes siyudad, in Filipino and Tagalog) is a tier of local... A municipality (bayan, sometimes munisipalidad, in Filipino) is a local government unit in the Philippines. ... A barangay (Tagalog: baranggay , pronounced as ba-rang-gai, gai as in guy), also known by its former name, the barrio, is the smallest local government unit in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district or ward. ... The Legislative districts of the Philippines are the representations of the Philippines provinces and cities in the Philippine Congress. ... A territorial dispute is a disagreement over the possession/control of land between two or more states, or over the possession/control of land by one state after it has conquered it from a former state no longer currently recognized by the occupying power. ... State motto: Sabah Maju Jaya State anthem: Sabah Tanah Airku Capital Kota Kinabalu Ruling party Barisan Nasional  - Yang di-Pertua Negeri Ahmadshah Abdullah  - Ketua Menteri Musa Aman History    - Brunei Sultanate 16th century   - Sulu Sultanate 1658   - British North Borneo 1882   - Japanese occupation 1941-1945   - British control 1946   - Accession into Malaysia 1963... The Scarborough Shoal, more correctly described as a group of islands, atolls, and reefs then a shoal, is located in the Luzon Sea (South China Sea). ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...