Ahmed Mohamed Kathrada (sometimes nicknamed Kathy) (born 21 August 1929^[1]) is a South African politician and was an anti-apartheid activist and political prisoner. August 21 is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... A segregated beach in South Africa, 1982. ... A political prisoner is someone held in prison or otherwise detained, perhaps under house arrest, because their ideas or image are deemed by a government to either challenge or threaten the authority of the state. ...

In addition to being a veteran of the anti-apartheid movement, Kathrada is best known for being one of the famous Rivonia Trialists as well as a long-serving political prisoner on Robben Island and in Pollsmoor Prison. He was also an African National Congress (ANC) leader and a South African member of parliament. The Rivonia Trial was an infamous trial which took place in South Africa between 1963 and 1964, in which ten leaders of the African National Congress were tried for 221 acts of sabotage designed to ferment violent revolution. // Origins It was named after Rivonia, the suburb of Johannesburg where 19... Prison buildings on Robben Island. ... Pollsmoor Prison, officially, Pollsmoor Maximum Security Prison is a harsh prison in the suburbs of Cape Town, South Africa. ... For political parties with similar names in other countries, see Northern Rhodesian African National Congress and Zambian African National Congress. ...

Early life

Kathrada was born in the small country town of Schweizer-Reneke in the Western Transvaal^[1], to Indian immigrant parents. Schweizer-Reneke (sometimes colloquially referred to as Schweizer) is a town in the North West Province of South Africa. ... Flag of Transvaal For the Russian theme park, see Transvaal Park. ...

Due to the apartheid policies of the time, he could not be admitted to any of the "European" or "African" schools in the area and thus he had to move to Johannesburg to be educated. Once in Johannesburg, he was influenced by leaders of the Transvaal Indian Congress such as Dr. Yusuf Dadoo, IC Meer, Moulvi and Yusuf Cachalia, and JN Singh^[1]. Consequently, he became a political activist at the early age of 12 when he joined the Young Communist League of South Africa. He took part in various activities such as handing out leaflets and performing volunteer work in the individual passive resistance against the Pegging Act in 1941. During World War II, he was involved in the anti-war campaign of the Non-European United Front. City motto: Unity in Development Province Gauteng Mayor Amos Masondo Area  - % water 1,644 km² 0. ... The South African Indian Congress was an organization founded in 1924 in Natal (now KwaZulu-Natal), South Africa. ... ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

He obtained his matric at Johannesburg Indian High. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Political activist

At the age of 17 he left school to work full-time for the Transvaal Passive Resistance Council in order to work against the "Asiatic Land Tenure and Indian Representation Act", commonly referred to as the "Ghetto Act", which sought to give Indians limited political representation and defined the areas where Indians could live, trade and own land.

Kathrada was one of the two thousand volunteers imprisoned as a result of the campaign – he spent a month in a Durban jail^[1]. This was his first jail sentence for civil disobedience. Reportedly, he gave an incorrect age to the police so that he would not be treated as a juvenile, but sent to an adult prison instead. Later, he was elected as secretary-general of the Transvaal Indian Youth Congress. Durban (Zulu: eThekwini (IPA: ) is the second most populous city in South Africa, forming part of the eThekwini metropolitan municipality. ...

While Kathrada was a student at the University of the Witwatersrand, he was sent as a delegate of the Transvaal Indian Youth Congress to the World Youth Festival of 1951 in Berlin^[2]. He was elected as the leader of the large multi-racial South African delegation. He remained in Europe in order to attend a congress of the International Union Students in Warsaw, Poland and finally travelled to Budapest and worked at the headquarters of the World Federation of Democratic Youth for nine months. The University of the Witwatersrand (pronounced vit-vaters-rant, with flat vowels -- see South African English) is a leading South African university situated in Johannesburg. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany. ... Motto: Contemnit procellas (It defies the storms) Semper invicta (Always invincible) Coordinates: Country Poland Voivodeship Masovia Powiat city county Gmina Warszawa Districts 18 boroughs City Rights turn of the 13th century Government  - Mayor Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz (PO) Area  - City 516. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

As result of the growing co-operation between the African and Indian Congresses in the 1950s, Kathrada came into close contact with African National Congress leaders such as Nelson Mandela and Walter Sisulu; he was one of 156 accused in the four year Treason Trial, which lasted from 1956 to 1961. Eventually, all of the accused were found not guilty. // Recovering from World War I and its aftermath, the economic miracle emerged in West Germany and Italy. ... Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (IPA )) (born July 18, 1918) was the first President of South Africa to be elected in fully-representative democratic elections. ... Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu (May 18, 1912 – May 5, 2003) was a South African anti-apartheid activist and member of the African National Congress (ANC). ... The Treason Trial was a trial in which 156 people including Nelson Mandela were arrested in a raid and accussed of treason in 1956. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ...

After the ANC and various other anti-apartheid organisations were banned in 1960, Kathrada continued his political activities despite repeated detentions and increasingly severe house arrest measures against him. In order to be free to continue his activities, Kathrada went underground in early 1963. 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ...

Rivonia trial

On 11 July 1963, Kathrada was arrested at the South African internal headquarters of Umkhonto we Sizwe ("The Spear of the Nation" - the military wing of the ANC) in Rivonia, near Johannesburg. Although Kathrada was not a member of Umkhonto we Sizwe, he became one of the accused in the famous Rivonia Trial, which started in October 1963. He was charged with sabotage and attempting to overthrow the government by violent means. July 11 is the 192nd day (193rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 173 days remaining. ... For other uses of Umkhonto, see Umkhonto (disambiguation) Umkhonto we Sizwe (or MK), translated Spear of the Nation, was the military wing of the African National Congress (ANC). ... Rivonia is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. ... City motto: Unity in Development Province Gauteng Mayor Amos Masondo Area  - % water 1,644 km² 0. ...

The trial ended in June 1964; Kathrada was sentenced to life imprisonment along with Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu, Govan Mbeki, Andrew Mlangeni, Elias Motsoaledi, Raymond Mhlaba and Dennis Goldberg. 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... Govan Archibald Mvuyelwa Mbeki (1910 - 2001) was a South African politician, and father of Thabo Mbeki, the current President of South Africa. ... Elias Motsoaledi (July 26, 1924- May 9, 1994) was one of the eight men sentenced to life imprisonment at the Rivonia Trial. ... Raymond Mhlaba (February 12, 1920-February 20, 2005) was an anti-apartheid activist and leader of the African National Congress (ANC). ... DENNIS gOLDBERG IS STILL ACTIVE IN sOUTH aFRICAN POLITICS , ALBEIT AT A VERY LOW LEVEL. hE IS A MINISTERIL ADVSER TO A sOUITH aFRICAN cABINET mINISTR ? ...

Imprisonment

For the following 18 years, Kathrada was confined to the Robben Island Maximum Security Prison along with most of his Rivonia Trial "colleagues". In October 1982, he was moved to Pollsmoor Maximum Prison near Cape Town to join others such as Mandela, Sisulu, Mhlaba and Mlangeni who had been moved there a few months before. 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

While in jail on Robben Island and in Pollsmoor, Kathrada completed Bachelor degrees in History/Criminology and Bibliography as well as Honours degrees in History and African Politics through the University of South Africa. (The prison authorities refused to allow him or the other prisoners to pursue postgraduate studies.) A bachelors degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course that generally lasts three or four years. ... A bachelors degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts three or four years. ... Note: UniSA can also refer to the University of South Australia. ...

With the exception of Nelson Mandela, all the Rivonia Trialists were released from prison in October 1989. 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Politician and current activities

After the unbanning of the ANC in February 1990, Kathrada served on the interim leadership committees of both the ANC and the South African Communist Party. He resigned from the latter position when he was elected to the ANC National Executive Committee in July 1991. During the same year, he was appointed as head of ANC public relations as well as a fellow of the University of the Western Cape’s Mayibuye Centre. MCMXC redirects here; for the Enigma album, see MCMXC a. ... SACP symbol South African Communist Party (SACP) is a political party in South Africa. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ... The University of the Western Cape is a university located in the Belville suburb of Cape Town, South Africa. ...

Kathrada went on the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca in 1992. This article does not cite its references or sources. ... This article is about the city in Saudi Arabia. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ...

In the first all-inclusive democratic South African elections in 1994, Kathrada was elected as a member of parliament for the ANC; in September 1994 he was appointed as the political advisor to President Mandela in the newly created post of Parliamentary Counsellor. In June 1999, Kathrada left parliamentary politics. 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... The President of South Africa, in full, the President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under South Africas Constitution. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...

In 1994 and 1995, Kathrada was elected as chairperson of the Robben Island Council. Currently, he still serves as the chairperson of the Robben Island Museum Council. 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Honours and awards

In addition to receiving the Isitwalandwe Award (the ANC’s highest possible accolade) whilst still in prison, Kathrada has also been awarded four Honorary Doctorates, including one from the University of Missouri. The University of Missouri System is the designated public research and land-grant university system of the state of Missouri. ...

Kathrada was also voted 46th in the Top 100 Great South Africans in 2004. Great South Africans was a South African television series that aired on SABC3 and hosted by Noeleen Maholwana Sangqu and Denis Beckett. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

He was awarded the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman by the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs in 2005. The Pravasi Bharatiya Samman is an award constituted by the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs in conjunction with the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas, to honor exceptional and meritorious contribution in their chosen field/profession. ... The Government of India (Hindi: भारत सरकार Bhārat Sarkār), officially referred to as the Union Government, and commonly as Central Government, was established by the Constitution of India, and is the governing authority of a federal union of 28 states and 7 union territories, collectively called the Republic of India. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Pravasi Bharatiya Samman
• Pravasi Bharatiya Divas

The Pravasi Bharatiya Samman is an award constituted by the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs in conjunction with the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas, to honor exceptional and meritorious contribution in their chosen field/profession. ... The Government of India recognizes the first week of January as the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (Hindi: Pravasi - Non-resident or diaspora, Bharatiya - Indian, Divas - day). ...

References