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Aini is a Turkic language spoken in western China known as Aini, variously spelled Aynu, Ainu, Eyni or by the Uyghur Abdal, though it is unrelated to the Ainu language of Japan and Russia. It is a mixed language, having a mostly Turkic grammar, essentially Uyghur, but a mainly Iranian vocabulary. It is spoken by the Aini, a nomadic people. The Ainu language (Ainu: , aynu itak; Japanese: ainu-go) is spoken by the Ainu ethnic group on the northern Japanese island of HokkaidÅ. It was once spoken in the Kurile Islands, the northern part of HonshÅ«, and the southern half of Sakhalin. ...
For the county in Shanxi province, see Xinjiang County. ...
A language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common proto-language. ...
A mixed language is a language that arises when speakers of different languages are in contact and show a high degree of bilingualism. ...
Uyghur (‎/Uyghurche//, or ‎/Uyghur tili//)[1] is a Turkic language spoken by the Uyghur people in Xinjiang (also called East Turkestan or Uyghurstan), formerly also “Sinkiang†and “Chinese Turkestan,†a Central Asian region administered by China. ...
“Farsi†redirects here. ...
ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family. ...
ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages. ...
ISO 639-3 is an international standard for language codes. ...
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Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabetâ€. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ...
The Unicode Standard, Version 5. ...
The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean to Siberia and Western China, and are traditionally considered to be part of the proposed Altaic language family. ...
The Ainu language (Ainu: , aynu itak; Japanese: ainu-go) is spoken by the Ainu ethnic group on the northern Japanese island of HokkaidÅ. It was once spoken in the Kurile Islands, the northern part of HonshÅ«, and the southern half of Sakhalin. ...
A mixed language is a language that arises when speakers of different languages are in contact and show a high degree of bilingualism. ...
Uyghur (‎/Uyghurche//, or ‎/Uyghur tili//)[1] is a Turkic language spoken by the Uyghur people in Xinjiang (also called East Turkestan or Uyghurstan), formerly also “Sinkiang†and “Chinese Turkestan,†a Central Asian region administered by China. ...
Geographic distribution
Aini is spoken in Western China in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region on the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the Tarim Basin. For the county in Shanxi province, see Xinjiang County. ...
The Taklamakan is a desert of Central Asia, in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ...
Taklamakan Desert in the Tarim Basin. ...
Use as a secret language The only speakers of Aini are adult men. Uyghur is spoken with outsiders and with women, who do not speak Aini. Uyghur is spoken at home when it is not necessary to disguise one's speech.[citation needed]
Sounds
Consonants Labials are consonants articulated either with both lips (bilabial articulation) or with the lower lip and the upper teeth (labiodental articulation). ...
Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the superior teeth. ...
Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth). ...
Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum). ...
Uvulars are consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula, that is, further back in the mouth than velar consonants. ...
Glottal consonants are consonants articulated with the glottis. ...
A stop, plosive, or occlusive is a consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. ...
Affricate consonants begin as stops (most often an alveolar, such as or ) but release as a fricative (such as or or, in a couple of languages, into a fricative trill) rather than directly into the following vowel. ...
Fricatives (or spirants) are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. ...
A nasal consonant is produced when the velum—that fleshy part of the palate near the back—is lowered, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. ...
In phonetics, a flap or tap is a type of consonantal sound, which is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (such as the tongue) is thrown against another. ...
Laterals are L-like consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue, while air from the lungs escapes at one side or both sides of the tongue. ...
Approximants are speech sounds that could be regarded as intermediate between vowels and typical consonants. ...
Vowels
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References Hayasi, Tooru (1999). A Šäyxil vocabulary : a preliminary report of linguistic research in Šäyxil Village, southwestern Xinjiang. Kyoto: Faculty of Letters, Kyoto University.
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