Path of Flight 358. Dotted lines indicate the normal landing procedures.

Air France Flight 358, a flight from Paris, France to Toronto, Ontario, Canada using an Airbus A340 airliner, departed Paris without incident at 11:53 UTC August 2, 2005, later touching down on runway 24L-06R at Toronto Pearson International Airport at 20:01 UTC (16:01 EDT). The aircraft failed to stop and plunged into a nearby shallow ravine, coming to rest and bursting into flames approximately 300 metres past the end of the runway. The Airbus A340-313X had 309 people aboard (297 passengers and 12 crew), all of whom survived without life-threatening injuries. Image:Loc35. ... Highway 401 redirects here. ... is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... YYZ redirects here. ... For the road in England, see A340 road. ... Air France (formally Société Air France) is Europes largest airline company. ... Charles de Gaulle International Airport (IATA: CDG, ICAO: LFPG) (French: ), also known as Roissy Airport (or just Roissy in French), in Paris, is one of worlds principal aviation centres, as well as Frances main international airport. ... Image File history File links Airfrance_flight358. ... Image File history File links Airfrance_flight358. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor David C. Onley Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 107 Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... For the road in England, see A340 road. ... is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... YYZ redirects here. ... A ravine is a very small valley, which is often the product of streamcutting erosion. ... For the road in England, see A340 road. ...

Many flights departing and arriving at Pearson were cancelled, and many subsequent flights to Toronto Pearson were diverted to other Canadian airports in Ottawa, London, Hamilton, Montreal, and Winnipeg [1], as well as Syracuse, New York [2] and Buffalo, New York. Flights from Vancouver were turned back. Some 540 flights were cancelled. This article is about the capital city of Canada. ... For other places with the same name, see London (disambiguation). ... Motto: Together Aspire - Together Achieve Location in the province of Ontario, Canada Coordinates: , Country Province Incorporated June 9, 1846[1] Government  - Mayor Fred Eisenberger  - City Council Hamilton City Council  - MPs List of MPs Dean Allison Chris Charlton David Christopherson Wayne Marston David Sweet  - MPPs List of MPPs Sophia Aggelonitis Andrea... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Province Region Montréal Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3]  - City 365. ... For other uses, see Winnipeg (disambiguation). ... Syracuse Hancock International Airport (IATA: SYR, ICAO: KSYR) is a public airport located 4 miles (6 km) northeast of Syracuse, in Onondaga County, New York, off of Interstate 81 near Mattydale, New York. ... FAA diagram of Buffalo Niagara International Airport (BUF) Buffalo Niagara International Airport (IATA: BUF, ICAO: KBUF) is an airport located in the town of Cheektowaga in Erie County, New York. ... For other uses, see Vancouver (disambiguation). ...

The crash of Air France Flight 358 was the biggest crisis to hit Toronto Pearson since the airport's involvement in Operation Yellow Ribbon. Operation Yellow Ribbon is the name of the operation that Transport Canada created to handle the diversion of civilian airline flights following the September 11, 2001, attacks. ...

Jean Lapierre, the Canadian Minister of Transport, referred to Flight 358 as a "miracle" due to the fact that all of the passengers survived ^[1]. Other press sources described the accident as the "Miracle in Toronto," ^[2][1] the "Toronto Miracle," ^[3] and the Miracle of Runway 24L" ^[4] Hon. ... The Minister of Transport (French: Ministre des Transports) is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for overseeing the federal governments transportation regulatory and development department, Transport Canada. ...

Aircraft details

• Airline: Air France
• Aircraft type: Civilian, Passenger
• Aircraft model: Airbus A340-313X
• Registration Number of Aircraft: F-GLZQ (1999)
• Model service: 14 years
• Aircraft service: 6 years
• Passenger Seats: 295
• Engine: 4 CFM56-5C4
• Max. mach speed: 0.86
• Range: 13 350km
• Maximum take off weight: 276,000kg
• Wing span: 60.3m
• From: Charles De Gaulle (CDG/LFPG), near Paris, France
• Destination: Toronto Pearson International Airport (YYZ/CYYZ), near Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Air France (formally Société Air France) is Europes largest airline company. ... For the road in England, see A340 road. ...

Passengers

Nationality	Total
Canada	104
France	101
India	8
Italy	19
United Kingdom	7
United States	19	Germany	2
Total	307

^[5] Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ...

The passengers consisted of businessmen, vacationers, and students.^[6]

Narrative

The accident occurred on 2 August 2005 20:03 UTC (16:03 EDT). Air France Flight 358, an Airbus A340-313X with 297 passengers and 12 crew, overshot the end of runway 24L at Toronto Pearson International Airport (in Mississauga, Ontario) and came to rest in a small ravine 300 metres past the end of the runway. All passengers and crew evacuated successfully. 43 minor injuries and no fatalities resulted from the accident. A post-crash fire destroyed the aircraft. is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Air France (formally Société Air France) is Europes largest airline company. ... For the road in England, see A340 road. ... YYZ redirects here. ... For the First Nation, see Mississaugas. ...

The flight landed during reports of exceptionally bad weather — severe winds, heavy rain, and localized thunderstorms near the airport (see weather, below), and touched down further along the runway than usual. Some passengers report that the plane was rocking from side to side before landing, possibly due to turbulence and gusting winds associated with the storm systems. One passenger described the crash as like a "car accident, but it keeps going and going, non-stop."^[7] In an accident resulting from excessive speed, this concrete truck rolled over into the front garden of a house. ...

The plane was cleared to land at 16:04 EDT on Runway 24L, which at 9,000 feet (2,743 m) in length is the shortest runway at Pearson Airport. After touchdown, the aircraft did not stop before the end of the runway, but continued for 300 meters until it slid into the Etobicoke Creek ravine, on the western edge of the airport near the interchange of Dixie Road and Highway 401. The fire began in the middle of the plane, blocking some of the emergency exits, but the plane was evacuated within the regulated 90 second evacuation time. Emergency response teams responded to the incident and were on site within 52 seconds of the crash occurring. ^[8] Some emergency exit slides failed to deploy, forcing some passengers to jump out of the aircraft. The first officer was the last to leave the plane. ^[9] Etobicoke Creek is one of the many creeks running through Toronto, Ontario and the Toronto Area into Lake Ontario, often characterised by their winding paths through deep ravines and distinctive shale banks. ... A major north-south throughfare in the Cities of Mississauga and Brampton in Peel Region, and the first street west of Toronto Pearson International Airport. ... Highway 401 redirects here. ...

After the crash some passengers, including those who were injured, scrambled up the ravine to Highway 401 which runs slightly parallel to the runway. Peel Regional Police located the co-pilot and several passengers along Highway 401, receiving assistance from motorists who were passing the airport when the crash occurred. Some motorists took injured people, including the pilot, directly to hospitals. The main fire burned for two hours, ending just before 18:00 EDT. All fires were out by early afternoon 3 August 2005, and investigators were able to begin their work. This article is about the Ontario 400-series highway. ... Peel Regional Police Logo The Peel Regional Police (PRP) provides policing services for Peel Region in Ontario, Canada. ... is the 215th day of the year (216th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The accident caused the cancellation or diversion of hundreds of flights, with ripple effects throughout the North American air traffic system. By that night, four of the five runway surfaces were back in service, but the flight (and passenger) backlog continued through the next day.

The burnt wreckage of Flight 358 at Toronto Pearson International Airport. Note the Etobicoke Creek bridges in the background carrying Highway 401 traffic.

The accident also snarled traffic throughout Toronto's highway system. Highway 401, one of the world's busiest highways, is the main route through the Greater Toronto Area, and the crash occurred near the highway's widest point where 18 lanes of traffic travel between Highway 403, Highway 410 and Highway 427. Though the fire was extinguished within hours, there was considerable congestion on the highway for days after the crash, due to motorists slowing down or even pulling over to get a look at the wreckage. Traffic flow was slowed due to numerous fender-benders, prompting the Ontario Provincial Police to increase patrols along that stretch. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x1019, 962 KB) Summary Air France Flight 358 at Toronto Pearson International Airport outside Toronto, Canada Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Air France Metadata This... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x1019, 962 KB) Summary Air France Flight 358 at Toronto Pearson International Airport outside Toronto, Canada Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Air France Metadata This... YYZ redirects here. ... Etobicoke Creek is one of the many creeks running through Toronto, Ontario and the Toronto Area into Lake Ontario, often characterised by their winding paths through deep ravines and distinctive shale banks. ... Highway 401 redirects here. ... A map of Torontos Census Metropolitan Area, which contains a large portion of the Greater Toronto Area. ... Highway 403 as part of the 400-series network Highway 403 is a 400-Series Highway in Ontario, Canada that extends 126 km (78. ... Highway 410 is a 400-Series Highway in Ontario, Canada that connects Highway 401 and Highway 403 to Torontos northern suburbs, specifically Brampton and Caledon. ... Highway 427 as part of the 400-series network Highway 427 is a 400-Series Highway in the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario, Canada, that runs from immediately south of the Queen Elizabeth Way/Gardiner Expressway interchange (its exact southern terminus is on the Browns Line at Coules Court... For other uses, see Highway (disambiguation). ... A car accident in Yate, near Bristol, England, in July 2004. ... The Ontario Provincial Police (O.P.P.) is the provincial police force for the province of Ontario, Canada. ...

In 1978, Air Canada Flight 189 slid into Etobicoke Creek, the site of the AF358 crash, resulting in two deaths. The Air Canada DC-9 used the 24R-06L runway, crashing north of the AF358 crash scene and deeper into the ravine. The runway the Air France plane landed on, 24L-06R, is an east-west runway with a length of 2.7 kilometers (9,000 feet), so the plane did not land very far off the runway, as reported by CablePulse 24. After the crash of AF358, there were some calls for the ravine to be filled or spanned by a bridge. Others said that such an undertaking would have been prohibitively expensive.^[10] Air Canada Flight 189 was an Air Canada flight from Ottawa to Vancouver via Toronto and Winnipeg. ... Etobicoke Creek is one of the many creeks running through Toronto, Ontario and the Toronto Area into Lake Ontario, often characterised by their winding paths through deep ravines and distinctive shale banks. ... The Douglas DC-9 is a twin-engined jet airliner, first manufactured in 1965 and, in much modified form and under a succession of different names. ... A kilometer (Commonwealth spelling: kilometre), symbol: km is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1,000 metres (from the Greek words χίλια (khilia) = thousand and μέτρο (metro) = count/measure). ... CablePulse 24 (commonly known as CP24) is a 24 hour Canadian cable television specialty news channel. ...

According to the Toronto Star,^{[citation needed]} this is the first time an Airbus A340 series has been involved in a crash, ending its 14 year clean record. The plane entered service in 1999 and had its last maintenance check done in France on 5 July 2005. The plane made 3,711 flights for a total of 28,418 flight hours. is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

One passenger took four photographs of the evacuation with his camera, which were released to the media.^{[11][12][13][14][8][15]} The final Transportation Safety Board of Canada report refers to the photographs and draws conclusions about the nature of the disaster based on the photographs.^[16] Mark Rosenker, the acting chairman of the National Transportation Safety Board, criticized the concept of passengers taking photographs of disasters, stating, "Your business is to get off the airplane. Your business is to help anybody who needs help." Therefore, according to Rosenker, taking photographs during an evacuation of an airliner is "irresponsible." Helen Muir, an aerospace psychology professor at Cranfield University in the United Kingdom, stated that pausing during evacuations "is just what we don't want people to do." Muir added that photographs are "very valuable to accident investigators." Ben Sherwood, an executive producer at Good Morning America, believed that the photographer was unlikely to have disrupted rescue efforts whilst taking his pictures.^[14] The Transportation Safety Board (Bureau de la sécurité des transports du Canada) is the Canadian agency responsible for maintaining transportation safety in Canada. ... The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is an independent organization responsible for investigation of accidents involving aviation, highway, marine, pipelines and railroads in the United States. ... Cranfield University is a British postgraduate university based on three campuses. ... Good Morning America is a weekday morning news show that is broadcast on the ABC television network. ...

Weather

A METAR (weather observation) for the Pearson Airport was released almost exactly at the time of the accident. It stated that the weather at 20:04 UTC (16:04 EDT) consisted of winds from 340° true (north-northwest) at 24 knots (44 km/h) gusting to 33 knots (61 km/h), with 1 1/4 statute miles (2 km) visibility in heavy thunderstorms and rain. The ceiling was overcast at 4,500 feet (1,400 m) above ground level with towering cumulus cloud. The temperature was 23 °C (74 °F). According to the Air Canada Pilot, runway 24L has a heading of 227° true (237° magnetic), and the minima for the ILS approach are ceiling 250 feet (75 m) above ground level and visibility 1 statute mile (1.6 km) runway visual range (RVR). The METAR for 21:00 UTC (17:00 EDT), nearly an hour after the accident, shows wind backing to the south and improving conditions generally, but includes in its remarks "FU ALF" to indicate smoke aloft from the burning plane. METAR (for METeorological Aerodrome Report) is a format for reporting weather information. ... A mile is any of several units of distance, or, in physics terminology, of length. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Localizer station at Hanover/Langenhagen International Airport in Hanover, Germany. ... Runway Visual Range (RVR) is an aeronautical term essentially meaning the visibility distance on the runway of an airport. ...

The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation reported that the crash occurred two hours after a ground stop was declared at the airport because of severe thunderstorms in the area ("red alert" status, which, for safety reasons, halts all ground activity on the apron and gate area. Aircraft can still land, and take off if still in queue). Visibility at the time of the accident was reported to be very poor. There was lightning, strong gusty winds, and hail at the time and the rain just began as the plane was landing. Within two hours the winds increased from 5 to 30 km/h (3 to 20 mph) and the temperature dropped from 30 to 23 °C (86 to 74°F). A severe thunderstorm warning was in effect since 11:30 a.m. and all outbound flights and ground servicing operations had been canceled but landings were still permitted. Radio-Canada redirects here. ... A severe thunderstorm is a thunderstorm with winds 58 mph or greater, 3/4 inch or larger hail, or tornadoes. ... Not to be confused with lighting. ... This article is about the precipitation. ... Severe thunderstorm with a clear slot near main updraft core. ...

This accident is also featured on The Weather Channel television program Storm Stories. An episode of the National Geographic Channel's Mayday (Air Crash Investigation, Air Emergency) series also features this incident. The Weather Channel (TWC) is a cable and satellite television network that broadcasts weather and weather-related news 24 hours a day. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... The National Geographic Channel is a subscription television network that features documentaries produced by the National Geographic Society. ... This article is about a TV series. ...

• LLWSAS
• Microburst
• Downburst
• NEXRAD
• Wind shear

A Low level windshear alert system (LLWAS) measures wind speed and direction at remote sensor station sites situated around an airport. ... A photograph of the surface curl soon after an intense microburst impacted the surface A microburst is a very localized column of sinking air, producing damaging divergent and straight-line winds at the surface that are similar to but distinguishable from tornadoes which generally have convergent damage. ... The curl phase soon after an intense microburst impacted the surface Downburst damages in a straight line. ... NEXRAD Radar at NSSL NEXRAD or Nexrad (Next-Generation Radar) is a network of 158 high-resolution Doppler radars operated by the National Weather Service, an agency of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), in the United States. ... For the Marvel Comics character, see Windshear (comics). ...

Injuries

None of the passengers on Flight 358 were killed; approximately 43 suffered various injuries. According to passenger reports, the leap from the aircraft to the ground caused many of the injuries, including broken legs, twisted ankles, sore necks, and ruptured vertebrae.^[4] The pilot sustained back and head injuries during the impact of the crash when his seat lifted off, causing him to hit his head against the overhead controls. Those injured were taken to various Greater Toronto Area hospitals: A diagram of a thoracic vertebra. ...

• Humber River Regional Hospital - Finch campus
  • The hospital treated seven people for smoke inhalation ^[17]
• William Osler Health Centre
  • Etobicoke General Hospital (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) ^{[5] [18][19]}
  • Peel Memorial Hospital (Brampton, Ontario, Canada) ^[19]
• Hospital for Sick Children - downtown Toronto ^{[20] [21]}
  • The hospital treated a nine month-old baby for smoke inhalation.
• Credit Valley Hospital - Mississauga ^[22]
• St. Joseph's Health Centre - downtown Toronto^{[citation needed]}

At the crash site were a number of emergency services: The William Osler Health Centre (WOHC) is one of the largest hospital corporations in the Canadian province of Ontario. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... {http://www. ... The Hospital for Sick Children, also known as SickKids, is a world-renowned childrens hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... Credit Valley Hopsital Logo Credit Valley Hosptial serves Peel Region in Ontario, Canada, and is located in Mississauga. ...

• Greater Toronto Airport Authority Emergencies Services - on-site with six airport tenders
• Peel Regional Paramedic Services - on-site ^[23]
• Peel Regional Police - on-site ^[23]
• Mississauga Fire and Emergency Services - on-site
• Toronto EMS - on-site
• Royal Canadian Mounted Police - on-site
• Ontario Provincial Police - on Highway 401 ^[23]
• Toronto Transit Commission - two buses to transport passengers to Terminal 3

A class-action lawsuit was filed approximately a week after the crash in Ontario Superior Court of Justice; the lawsuit seeks C$269 million in damages for trauma, any future medical expenses, and loss of property and earnings. The GTTA is responsible for operating Torontos three airports: Lester B Pearson International Airport - Malton Toronto City Centre Airport (formerly Toronto Island Airport) Buttonville Municipal Airport - Markham The agency took over day to day operations from Transport Canada and is one of many non-profit airport operators in Canada. ... Peel Regional Police Logo The Peel Regional Police (PRP) provides policing services for Peel Region in Ontario, Canada. ... Mississauga Fire is responsible for fire fighting service in the City of Mississauga. ... Toronto Emergency Medical Services (EMS) provides ambulatory and paramedic care for the city of Toronto. ... RCMP redirects here. ... The Ontario Provincial Police (O.P.P.) is the provincial police force for the province of Ontario, Canada. ... Highway 401 redirects here. ... The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) is a public transport authority that operates buses, streetcars, subways, and rapid transit lines in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... // Superior Court of Justice (Ontario) The Superior Court of Justice for Ontario, Canada is the successor to the former Ontario Court of Justice (General Division), and was created on April 19, 1999. ... C$ redirects here. ...

Investigation

Panoramic picture of the aftermath of Flight 358

Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1600x506, 267 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Portal:Aviation/Historical anniversaries/August in aviation Portal:Aviation/Historical anniversaries/August in aviation/August 2 Air France... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1600x506, 267 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Portal:Aviation/Historical anniversaries/August in aviation Portal:Aviation/Historical anniversaries/August in aviation/August 2 Air France...

Representation

The Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB) took control of the accident site once emergency response teams had finished their work. The TSB will lead the investigation, with the cooperation of several other organizations: The Transportation Safety Board (Bureau de la sécurité des transports du Canada) is the Canadian agency responsible for maintaining transportation safety in Canada. ...

• Transport Canada - Ministerial observer for Minister of Transport
• French Department of Transport
• Airbus
• Air France
• GE-Aviation
• United States National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)

International protocol regarding the investigation of civil aviation accidents mandates that representatives from the manufacturer's nation participate. As GE-Aviation is headquartered in Evendale, Ohio, the Transportation Safety Board of Canada invited representatives from the NTSB to assist in the investigation.[3] Transport Canada is the department within the government of Canada which is responsible for developing regulations, policies and services of transportation in Canada. ... The Minister of Transport (French: Ministre des Transports) is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for overseeing the federal governments transportation regulatory and development department, Transport Canada. ... The French Ministry of Transport (Ministère des Transports, de lÉquipement, du Tourisme et de la Mer) is the national government department responsible for transportation issues in France. ... Airbus S.A.S. (pronounced in English, in French, and in German) is an aircraft manufacturing subsidiary of EADS, a European aerospace concern. ... Air France (formally Société Air France) is Europes largest airline company. ... GE-Aviation, a subsidiary of General Electric, is headquartered in Evendale, Ohio (a Cincinnati suburb). ... The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is an independent organization responsible for investigation of accidents involving aviation, highway, marine, pipelines and railroads in the United States. ... Evendale is a village located in Hamilton County, Ohio. ...

Evidence

The flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder (black boxes) were sent to France for analysis. Preliminary results indicate that the plane landed 1,220 metres (4,000 ft) from the start of the 2,743 metre (9,000 ft) runway (much further along than normal) at a ground speed of 148 knots (274 km/h, 170 mph, 140 knots being considered normal) with a tailwind, skidded down the runway and was traveling over 70 knots (145 km/h, 90 mph) as it tore off the tarmac and plunged into the 30 metre (100 ft) deep ravine. Tire marks extend 1,600 ft (490 m) indicating emergency braking action. An example of a FDR (Flight Data Recorder). ... Cockpit Voice Recorder (Exhibit in Deutsches Museum, Munich, Germany). ... Both side views of a cockpit voice recorder, one type of flight recorder A flight recorder is a recorder placed in an aircraft for the purpose of facilitating the investigation of an aircraft accident or incident. ...

Réal Levasseur, the TSB's lead investigator for the accident, said the plane landed too far down the runway to have been able to stop properly on such wet pavement. Investigators have found no evidence of engine trouble, brake failure, or problems with the spoilers or thrust reversers. Why evacuation chutes failed to deploy from two exits remains under study. Some fleeing passengers were forced to jump some two metres (six feet) to the ground.

Irregularities

The final report of the TSB investigation can be found at the TSB website (PDF document). The TSB update states - During the flare, the aircraft entered a heavy shower area, and the crew's forward visibility was significantly reduced as they entered the downpour.- This speaks for the possibility that the plane was hit in heavy weather by a wet downburst, causing the Airbus to land long. Based on the Air France A340-313 Quick Reference Handbook (QRH), page 34G, "Landing Distance Without Autobrake", the minimum distance of 1155 m (3,788 ft) would be used in dry conditions to bring the aircraft to a complete stop. In wet conditions the braking distance increases with a 5-knot tailwind, reversers operative, and a 6.3 mm (1/4 inch) of downpour on the runway to 2016 m (6,614 ft ). This runway length was obviously not available at touch down of AF 358. The curl phase soon after an intense microburst impacted the surface Downburst damages in a straight line. ... Braking distance refers to the distance a vehicle will travel from the point where its brakes are fully applied to when it comes to a complete stop. ...

Other possible irregularities mentioned in a government report on the accident ^[24]:

• Passenger oxygen tanks supposedly exploded in the heat of the fire. (Emergency passenger oxygen is provided via a chemical oxygen generator but the aircraft would have been carrying therapeutic oxygen for passengers requiring a constant supply throughout the flight and first aid situations.)
• The copy of the "E.R.S. Aircraft Crash Chart" at Pearson International Airport did not include blueprints for the Airbus A340 model of planes at the time of the crash. The blueprints would have contained vital information with regards to search and rescue efforts, and provide the location of fuel and pressurised gas tanks so that rescue crews can avoid them.

Other irregularities that were not confirmed nor denied by officials: A chemical oxygen generator is a device that releases oxygen created by a chemical reaction. ...

• 12 seconds elapsed between the moment the plane touched down and when pilots applied the thrust reversers, which are used to assist braking ^[25]
• One of the aircraft doors opened on its own during the landing, according to witnesses.^[26] Black boxes are unable to reveal this data.

KLM Fokker 70 with reverse thrust applied. ...

Conclusions

The TSB concluded in their final report that the pilots had missed cues that would prompted them to review their decision to land.^[27] In their report ^[28], the TSB cited that

• Air France had no procedures related to distance required from thunderstorms during approaches and landings
• After the autopilot had been disengaged, the pilot flying increased the thrust in reaction to a decrease in airspeed and a perception that the aircraft was sinking. The power increase contributed to an increase in aircraft energy and the aircraft deviated above the flight path.
• At 300 feet above ground level, the wind changed from a headwind to a tailwind
• While approaching the threshold, the aircraft entered an intense downpour and the forward visibility became severely reduced.
• When the aircraft was near the threshold, the crew members committed to the landing and believed their go-around option no longer existed.
• The pilot not flying did not make the standard callouts concerning the spoilers and thrust reversers during the landing roll. This contributed to the delay in the pilot flying selecting the thrust reversers.
• There were no landing distances indicated on the operational flight plan for a contaminated runway condition at the Toronto / Lester B. Pearson International Airport.
• The crew did not calculate the landing distance required for runway 24L despite aviation routine weather reports (METARs) calling for thunderstorms. The crew were not aware of the margin of error.
• The topography at the end of the runway beyond the area and the end of Runway 24L contributed to aircraft damage and injuries to crew and passengers.

The TSB advised changes to bring Canadian runway standards in line with those used abroad, either by extending them to have a 300 m runway safety area (or Runway End Safety Area) or, where that is impossible, providing an equivalently effective backup method of stopping aircraft.^[29][30] Other recommendations that the TSB made includes having the Department of Transport establishing clear standards limiting approaches and landings in convective weather for all operators at Canadian airports, and mandate training for all pilots involved in Canadian air operations to better enable them to make landing decisions in bad weather.^[31] A runway safety area (RSA) is defined as the surface surrounding the runway prepared or suitable for reducing the risk of damage to airplanes in the event of an undershoot, overshoot, or excursion from the runway. ...

Compensation

Within one week of the crash, cash payments ranging from C$1,000 to C$3,700 (all figures in this article in Canadian dollars unless otherwise stated) were given to passengers for interim emergency use. These funds were given to passengers through an emergency centre set up in the Novotel Hotel in Mississauga, near the airport. These payments were independent of the claims process, which has been started for passengers who have not retained counsel. It is expected that the insurers of Air France will pay for all damages as well as extra compensation for having passengers go through the ordeal; however, only amounts of €6,000-€9,000 have been offered, prompting passengers to turn to the lawsuit to seek legal action. The insurance is handled by the Societé de Gestion & D'Expertises D'Assurances in France. All passengers have also been offered a free return ticket to any Air France destination in the world in the same fare class they were originally booked in on AF358. C$ redirects here. ... Motto: Pride in our past, Faith in our future Area: 288. ...

Class action lawsuit

Within a few days after the accident, a class action suit was filed on behalf of all passengers on board by representative plaintiff Suzanne Deak to the Ontario Superior Court of Justice. The attorneys representing Deak and the passengers are Gary R. Will and Paul Miller from Will Barristers in Toronto. The plaintiffs are seeking payments for general and aggravated damages in the amount of $75 million, and payments for special damages and pecuniary damages in the amount of $250 million. In law, a class action is an equitable procedural device used in litigation for determining the rights of and remedies, if any, for large numbers of people whose cases involve common questions of law and fact. ...

A second class action lawsuit was also filed by plaintiffs Sahar Alqudsi and Younis Qawasmi (her husband) for $150 million a few days later. However, both suits have since merged as only one lawsuit is allowed to proceed to court.

Air France stated that it will not lose any money from the lawsuits as it is covered by its insurers. Also, Air France did not provide further contacts and assistance to those who retained counsel of the lawsuit until an agreement has been made between both sides' lawyers. The lawsuit has not been certified by the courts.

Aftermath

As with many post-aircraft-crash flight numbers ^[32], Air France Flight 358 no longer exists. The flight number has been changed to Air France Flight 352, which uses either an Airbus A340-300 (the same type of aircraft involved in the accident) or a Boeing 747-400, depending on the time of year. Virgin Atlantic Airbus A340. ... The Boeing 747-400 is the latest version of the Boeing 747 in service. ...

An inquiry by the Transportation Safety Board of Canada found runway safety zones at the end of runways at Canadian airports are below international standards and need to improve. As well the TSB suggest precautions needed to be taken (by airlines and airports) when landing in bad weather. ^[33][30] The Transportation Safety Board (Bureau de la sécurité des transports du Canada) is the Canadian agency responsible for maintaining transportation safety in Canada. ... A runway safety area (RSA) is defined as the surface surrounding the runway prepared or suitable for reducing the risk of damage to airplanes in the event of an undershoot, overshoot, or excursion from the runway. ...

Modern Media

This crash appeared in modern media in an episode of Mayday (Air Crash Investigation, Air Emergency), "Miracle Landing," portrays the Flight 358 disaster.^[34] This article is about a TV series. ...

See also

Wikinews has related news:

All passengers survive Toronto plane crash

• List of accidents and incidents involving airliners by airline
• Microburst
• NEXRAD
• LLWSAS
• Runway safety area
• Engineered materials arrestor system
• Ground effect in aircraft

Image File history File links WikiNews-Logo. ... Wikinews is a free-content news source and a project of the Wikimedia Foundation. ... A photograph of the surface curl soon after an intense microburst impacted the surface A microburst is a very localized column of sinking air, producing damaging divergent and straight-line winds at the surface that are similar to but distinguishable from tornadoes which generally have convergent damage. ... NEXRAD Radar at NSSL NEXRAD or Nexrad (Next-Generation Radar) is a network of 158 high-resolution Doppler radars operated by the National Weather Service, an agency of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), in the United States. ... A Low level windshear alert system (LLWAS) measures wind speed and direction at remote sensor station sites situated around an airport. ... A runway safety area (RSA) is defined as the surface surrounding the runway prepared or suitable for reducing the risk of damage to airplanes in the event of an undershoot, overshoot, or excursion from the runway. ... An Engineered materials arrestor system (EMAS) is a bed of lightweight, crushable concrete built at the end of a runway. ... Aircraft may be affected by a number of Ground effects, aerodynamic effects due to a flying bodys proximity to the ground. ...

Runway overshoots

• Qantas Flight 1
• Southwest Airlines Flight 1248
• Southwest Airlines Flight 1455
• Aeroméxico Flight 250
• Garuda Indonesia Flight 200
• TAM Airlines Flight 3054
• Lion Air Flight 538
• One-Two-GO Airlines Flight 269

Qantas Flight 1 (QF1, QFA1) is the flight number of the flagship Sydney to London route of Australias Qantas Airways. ... Southwest Airlines Flight 1248 (WN1248, SWA1248) was a scheduled passenger flight from Baltimore-Washington International Airport to Chicago Midway International Airport. ... Excessive speed, a descent angle of 7 degrees, a late turn to final approach, a short and wet runway and failure to comply with company procedures regarding use of an onboard computer system and lack of standardized callouts all contributed to this accident. ... Garuda Indonesia Flight 200 (GA200) was the scheduled domestic passenger flight of a Boeing 737 operated by Garuda Indonesia between Jakarta and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. ... Lion Air Flight JT 538 was flight from Jakarta to Surabaya with a transit in Surakarta, Indonesia carrying 146 passengers. ... Location of Phuket One-Two-GO Airlines Flight 269 was a scheduled flight from Bangkoks Don Mueang International Airport to Phuket International Airport in the Thai resort island of Phuket. ...

References

This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Cable News Network, commonly known as CNN, is a major cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. ... Fox News Channels slogan is We Report, You Decide The Fox News Channel is a U.S. cable and satellite news channel. ... The Toronto Star is Canadas highest-circulation newspaper, though its print edition is distributed almost entirely within Ontario. ... CBC redirects here, as this is the most common use of the abbreviation. ... KREM-TV is the CBS affiliate serving the Spokane–Coeur dAlene television market. ... Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Cipher-block chaining ... CTV National News is a newscast on CTV, which airs at 11pm local time on the main network across Canada. ... This article is about a TV series. ... Airliners. ... The Toronto Star is Canadas highest-circulation newspaper, though its print edition is distributed almost entirely within Ontario. ... Airliners. ... USA Today is a national American daily newspaper published by the Gannett Company. ... This article is about a British tabloid. ... The Transportation Safety Board (Bureau de la sécurité des transports du Canada) is the Canadian agency responsible for maintaining transportation safety in Canada. ... The Cable News Network, commonly known as CNN, is a major cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... CTV National News is a newscast on CTV, which airs at 11pm local time on the main network across Canada. ... Credit Valley Hopsital Logo Credit Valley Hosptial serves Peel Region in Ontario, Canada, and is located in Mississauga. ... is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... USA Today is a national American daily newspaper published by the Gannett Company. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The National Geographic Channel is a subscription television network that features documentaries produced by the National Geographic Society. ...

External links

• Transport Safety Board chronology of events
• Transport Safety Board photos
• CBS News Special Report - Air France Flight crashes in Toronto, Canada. (Video)
• Weather satellite imagery with Quicktime animation
• Media madness from Toronto: God, lightning and the quasi-crash of Air France flight 358. Salon
• Pre-crash photos of F-GLZQ at Airliners.net

Coordinates: 43°39′23.2″N, 79°37′29.0″W Screenshot of Salon. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...