Aiud (-Romanian; Hungarian: Nagyenyed; German: Straßburg am Mieresch) is a large town located in Alba county, Transylvania, Romania. The town has a population of 31,894 people. It has the status of municipality (municipiu) in Alba county and is the second-largest city in the county after Alba Iulia. The Aiud administrative region has is 142.2 square kilometres in area. Alba (Hungarian: Fehér) is a Romanian county (JudeÅ£) in Transylvania. ... Transylvania (Romanian: Transilvania or Ardeal, Hungarian: Erdély, German: Siebenbürgen, Serbian: Трансилванија / Transilvanija, Bulgarian: Трансилвания (Transilvaniya) or Седмоградско (Sedmogradsko), Седмиградско (Sedmigradsko), Turkish: Erdel, Slovak: Sedmohradsko or Transylvánia, Polish: Siedmiogród) forms the western and central parts of Romania. ... A municipality or general-purpose district (compare with: special-purpose district) is an administrative local area generally composed of a clearly defined territory and commonly referring to a city, town, or village government. ... Alba Iulia (Hungarian: Gyulafeh r, German: Karlsburg) is a city in Alba county, Transylvania, Romania with a population of 66,369, located on the Mureş river. ...

Administration

The municipality of Aiud is made up of the town proper and of 3 urban localities and 6 localities which are located outside the town proper but belong to the municipality. The three urban localities are: Gâmbas, Măgina and Pădiga. The rural localities are: Ciumbrud (0.81 km²), Sincrai (0.65 km²), Gârbova de Jos (1.04 km²), Ţifra (0.06 km²), Gârbova de Sus (0.52 km²) and Gârboviţa (0.28 km²).

Population Breakdown

As of 1992, the total population is 31,894, made up of 17,287 males and 14,607 females. 54% of the population are males.

Localities

The total population of 31,894 is made up of the population of the following town proper, localities, villages, etc:

• Aiud Town Proper - 24,618
• Aiudul de Sus - 2,276
• Ciumbrud - 1,504
• Sincrai - 1,023
• Măgina - 628
• Gâmbaş - 578
• Gârbova de Jos - 464
• Gârbova de Sus - 357
• Pagida - 165
• Gârboviţa - 164
• Ţifra - 116

Ethnicity

• Romanians - 24,880 (78% of total population)
• Hungarians - 5,699 (17.9%)
• Germans - 55 (0.2%)
• Roma - 1,214 (3.8%)

The Roma people (pronounced rahma, singular Rom, sometimes Rroma, and Rrom) along with the closely related Sinti people are commonly known as Gypsies in English, and as Tsigany in most of Europe. ...

Religion

• Orthodox - 18,000 (62.5% of the total population)
• Reformed - 3,402 (12.07%)
• Greek Catholics - 1,175 (4.0%)
• Roman Catholics - 738 (2.5%)
• Unitarian - 299 (1.03%)
• Other - 5174 (17.9%)

Separate articles treat Eastern Orthodox Christianity and Orthodox Judaism. ... The Reformed churches are a group of Protestant denominations historically related by a similar Zwinglian or Calvinist system of doctrine but organizationally independent. ... The term Eastern Rites may refer to the liturgical rites used by many ancient Christian Churches of Eastern Europe and the Middle East that, while being part of the Roman Catholic Church, are distinct from the Latin Rite or Western Church. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Historic Unitarianism believed in the oneness of God as opposed to traditional Christian belief in the Trinity (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit). ...

Climate

The town is located in the Aiud Valley and therefore has a mountain-type climate. It has a characteristic Transylvanian continental temperate climate. The average winter temperature is -2.6°C and the average summer temperature is 19.2°C.

Education

Education infrastructure in Aiud is very good for a town of its size. There are many schools, with many students, due to fact that it is renowned as the education hub for the area, with students pouring in from other communities in the area. The first school was opened in Magina in 1611, with Romanian language courses. Today, the following educational institutions operate in the municipality: Events June 23 - Henry Hudsons crew maroons him, his son and 7 others in a boat November 1 - At Whitehall Palace in London, William Shakespeares romantic comedy The Tempest is presented for the first time. ...

• "Titu Maiorescu" College (605 students; 46 staff)
• "Bethlen Gabor" College (1011 students; 81 staff)
• "Avram Iancu" High School (505 students; 37 staff)
• "Alexandru Borza" Agricultural High School (487 students; 51 staff)
• General School 1 (1306 students; 63 staff)
• General School 2 (189 students; 13 staff)
• General School 3 (1089 students; 58 staff)
• Pre-school centre with extended hours No. 1 (41 students; 5 staff)
• Pre-school centre with extended hours No. 2 (113 students; 9 staff)
• Pre-school centre with extended hours No. 3 (45 students; 6 staff)
• Pre-school centre with standard hours No. 1 (27 students; 1 staff)
• Pre-school centre with standard hours No. 2 (28 students; 1 staff)
• Pre-school centre with standard hours No. 3 (80 students; 4 staff)
• Pre-school centre with standard hours No. 4 (122 students; 6 staff)
• Pre-school centre with standard hours No. 5 (89 students; 5 staff)
• Pre-school centre with standard hours No. 6 (108 students; 5 staff)
• Pre-school centre with standard hours No. 7 (34 students; 2 staff)
• Pre-school centre with standard hours No. 8 (20 students; 1 staff)
• Pre-school centre with standard hours No. 9 (77 students; 4 staff)
• Pre-school centre with standard hours No. 10 (62 students; 3 staff)
• Children's Club (885 students, 7 staff)

Famous People from Aiud

Due to its favourable location and its good education facilities, Aiud bred many Romanian famous people. They include Mihail Halici, Francisc Papai Pariz, Bolyai Farkas, Ion Barac, Ovidiu Hulea, Naftali Simion, Romulus Rusan, Adalbert Vikler, Bazil Gruia, Kovacs Gyorgy, Suto Andras, Alexandru Domsa and Ion Horea.

Tourism

Aiud is an important tourism centre in terms of agrotourism, ecotourism and cultural tourism. Agritourism is a style of vacation in which hospitality is offered on farms. ... Ecotourism essentially means ecological tourism, where ecological has both environmental and social connotations. ...

Cultural Attractions

The town centre is historical and is home to many majestic buildings, such as the Aiud Citadel, Town Hall, museums and churches.

Aiud Citadel

Aiud Citadel (Cetatea Aiudului in Romanian) is located in the centre of Aiud, and was built during medieval times (14th century), comprising of many buildings. It is the main tourist attraction of Aiud. The citadel is fairly small, with a perimeter of 350 metres, and it is in the form of a pentagon. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... This article is about a type of fortification. ... In geometry, a pentagon is any five-sided polygon. ...

The Students' Monument

Due to its strong educational culture, which dates back to the foundations of the city, the Students' Monument (Monumentul studentesc) is the oldest monument in Aiud. It is located in the beautiful City Park, and was erected in memory of the students who fought against the Habsburg invasion in 1704. The monument was erected in 1904, 200 years after the invasion. Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. ... Events Building of the Students Monument in Aiud, Romania. ... 1904 is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The "Calvarul Aiudului" Monument

The "Calvarul Aiudului" Monument is a modern monument in remembrance of the suffering and deaths during the Communist regime of Romania. The monument, started in 1992, is made up of many crosses (6 metres tall), symbolising the traditions of Romania. In the Communist era, Aiud was an important centre where the elite of the Communist resistance were buried, and the "Calvarul Aiudului" monument seeks to remember those. The monument is located just outside the town centre, in the southwest. Communism - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ... 1992 was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ...

The Town Hall

The Town Hall of Aiud is located right in the centre of the town, at No. 1 Cuza Vodă street, close to the Aiud Citadel. The edifice, built in the 1890s, is built in the majestic style of those times, with balconies, statues, decorations and wonderful interiors.

Museums

Aiud is home to two major, public museums. They are the Museum of History and the Museum of Natural Sciences. The history museum was built in 1796 and is housed in a historical building. There is a large collection of coins, as well as medieval and pre-medieval artefacts. The collection of the Museum of Natural Sciences dates back from 1720. It is based mainly on zoology, as well as botany, paleontology and geology. A museum is typically a non-profit, permanent institution in the service of society and of its development, open to the public, which acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits, for purposes of study, education enjoyment, the tangible and intangible evidence of people and their environment. ... 1796 was a leap year starting on Friday. ... An artifact (also artefact) is a term coined by Sir Julian Huxley meaning any object or process resulting from human activity. ... // Events January 6 - The Committee of Inquiry on the South Sea Bubble publishes its findings February 11 - Sweden and Prussia sign the (2nd Treaty of Stockholm) declaring peace. ... Zoology (Greek zoon = animal and logos = word) is the biological discipline which involves the study of animals. ... Botany is the scientific study of plant life. ... A paleontologist carefully chips rock from a column of dinosaur vertebrae. ... Geology (from Greek γη- (ge-, the earth) and λογος (logos, word, reason)) is the science and study of the Earth, its composition, structure, physical properties, history, and the processes that shape it. ...

Churches

Most of Aiud's population are Christian, but they also come from a variety of denominations, including Catholicism and Orthodoxism and well as Reformed, Unitarian, Baptist and Evangelical faiths. Therefore, there are places of worship for all these religions. As a noun, Christian is an appellation and moniker deriving from the appellation Christ, which many people associate exclusively with Jesus of Nazareth. ... A religious denomination, (also simply denomination) is a large, long-established subgroup within a religion that has been in existence for many years. ... This article considers Catholicism in the broadest ecclesiastical sense. ... The Reformed churches are a group of Protestant denominations historically related by a similar Zwinglian or Calvinist system of doctrine but organizationally independent. ... Historic Unitarianism believed in the oneness of God as opposed to traditional Christian belief in the Trinity (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit). ... Baptist churches are part of a Christian movement often regarded as an Evangelical, Protestant denomination. ... The word evangelicalism usually refers to a conservative tendency in diverse branches of Protestantism, typified by an emphasis on evangelism, a personal experience of conversion, biblically-oriented faith, and a belief in the relevance of Christian faith to cultural issues. ...

The Orthodox Cathedral is located in the southeast of the city, and is an impressive building with high ceilings and wonderful domes. It was built after the unification of Transylvania with the rest of Romania (Wallachia and Moldavia) in 1 December 1918. The construction started in 1927 and went on for some decades. The architecture was inspired from the St. Sofia church in Istanbul, and is built in Byzantine style. Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ... Moldavia (Moldova in Romanian) was a Romanian principality, originally created in the Middle Ages, now divided between Romania, Moldovan Republic and Ukraine. ... December 1 is the 335th (in leap years the 336th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Shows the Location of the Province İstanbul Istanbul (Turkish: İstanbul; a contraction of Greek εις την πολιν into the city, the former Constantinople, Κωνσταντινούπολις) is the largest city in Turkey, and arguably the most important. ... The 11th-century monastery of Hosios Lukas in Greece is representative of the Byzantine art during the rule of Macedonian dynasty. ...

The Roman Catholic Church, albeit being smaller and less imposing that the Orthodox Cathedral, is still very beautiful, built in baroque style. Also, it is situated in Cuza Vodă Square, surrounding the medieval Aiud Citadel, making the Church very ideal in terms of surroundings. The church contains a large organ as well as stained glass windows which were painted by an artist from Budapest. Budapest seen from north. ...

The Reformed Church mainly serves the Hungarian minority of Aiud, which played a big role in the identity of the city in terms of education, art, architecture and more. Their church is arguably the most memorable of the three main churches, because it is located right in the Aiud Citadel, and is medieval in architecture style, being the oldest church in Aiud.

Monasteries

The most famous monastery in Aiud is the Râmeţ monastery, which was built in the 15th century. Its architecture is classically Romanian, resembling the painted monasteries of Moldavia such as Voronet. In the monastery there is also a museum. In addition to Râmeţ monastery, there are also monasteries at Magina and Cicau. Moldavia (Moldova in Romanian) was a Romanian principality, originally created in the Middle Ages, now divided between Romania, Moldovan Republic and Ukraine. ... Voronet is a monastery in Romania, found near the town of Gura Humorului. ...

Historical Colleges

The "Bethlen Gabor" college, with 1011 students today and a rich history, is Aiud's most important educational institution. The college was founded in 1622 in Alba Iulia, the capital city of Alba, and it was then moved to Aiud. Later on, it was also moved to Cluj-Napoca for a short time. Today, the institution is located in a 19th century historical building, and it is also home to an important library. Events January 1 - In the Gregorian calendar, January 1 is declared as the first day of the year, instead of March 25. ... Alba Iulia (Hungarian: Gyulafeh r, German: Karlsburg) is a city in Alba county, Transylvania, Romania with a population of 66,369, located on the Mureş river. ... Alba (Hungarian: Fehér) is a Romanian county (JudeÅ£) in Transylvania. ... Map of Romania showing Cluj_Napoca Cluj_Napoca (Hungarian: Kolozsvár, German: Klausenburg, Latin: Claudiopolis), the seat of Cluj county, is one of the most important academic, cultural and industrial centers in Romania. ... Modern-style library In its traditional sense, a library is a collection of books and periodicals. ...

Natural Attractions

As well as rich culture, Aiud is also littered with wonderful scenic tourist attractions in terms of the environment. There are also many activities available throughout the year, especially in fishing and hunting. This provides a strong base for ecotourism in the area, as there are beautiful forests, hills and mountains and fresh air. Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish. ... Hunting is, in its most general sense, the pursuit of a target. ...

Accessibility and Transport

Aiud is easily accessible from all parts of Romania due to its position in the centre of the country and its road network. The town is located on the national road running from Bucharest to Oradea and then crossing the Hungarian border to Budapest. Therefore, most public coach services running between Budapest and Bucharest via Oradea stop at Aiud. The Dâmboviţa River in central Bucharest Along a small tributary of Dâmboviţa, named Colentina, several lakes stretch across the city, the most important being Lake Floreasca, Lake Tei and Lake Colentina. ... Oradea (-Romanian, Hungarian: Nagyvárad, sometimes Várad; German: Großwardein) is a city located in the county of Bihor (BH), in Transylvania, Romania. ... Budapest seen from north. ...

Railways

Aiud is an important railway hub and is served frequently by CFR national trains. It is located on the main line from Oradea to Bucharest via Cluj-Napoca. Consequently, there are 46 trains passing daily through Aiud (with very frequent connections to main cities), to and from the following main cities: Căile Ferate Române (Romanian Railways, abbreviated as CFR) is the official designation of the state railway carrier of Romania. ...

• Cluj-Napoca - 18 trains daily
• Alba Iulia - 10 trains daily
• Braşov, Sighişoara and Ploieşti - 5 trains daily
• Bucharest, Deva, Târgu Mureş and Timişoara - 4 trains daily
• Sibiu - 3 trains daily
• Oradea, Huedin, Arad, Satu Mare, Constanţa, Mangalia, Suceava, Iasi - 2 trains daily
• Craiova and Sighetu Marmaţiei - 1 train daily

NOTE: The number of trains daily indicates trains in both directions. For example, to Cluj-Napoca there are 18 trains daily, meaning there are 18 trains TO Cluj-Napoca and 18 trains FROM Cluj-Napoca (a total of 36 services). Map of Romania showing Cluj_Napoca Cluj_Napoca (Hungarian: Kolozsvár, German: Klausenburg, Latin: Claudiopolis), the seat of Cluj county, is one of the most important academic, cultural and industrial centers in Romania. ... Alba Iulia (Hungarian: Gyulafeh r, German: Karlsburg) is a city in Alba county, Transylvania, Romania with a population of 66,369, located on the Mureş river. ... Braşov (Hungarian: Brassó, German: Kronstadt) is a city in Romania, residence of Braşov county. ... Sighişoara (Hungarian: Segesvár, German: Schäßburg) is a town in Mureş, Transylvania, Romania. ... Ploieşti on the map of Romania Ploieşti (older spelling: Ploeşti) is a city in Prahova county in the Wallachia region of Romania, 56 km (35 miles) north of Bucharest, with a population of about 250,000. ... The DâmboviÅ£a River in central Bucharest Along a small tributary of DâmboviÅ£a, named Colentina, several lakes stretch across the city, the most important being Lake Floreasca, Lake Tei and Lake Colentina. ... Deva (Hungarian: Déva, German: Diemrich) is a city situated on the left bank of the middle course of the Mureş river. ... T rgu Mureş (Hungarian: Marosv rhely, German: Neumarkt) is a city in Mureş county, Transylvania, Romania, with a population of 149,000, more than 40% of whom are ethnic Hungarians. ... Map of Romania showing Timisoara Timişoara  listen (Hungarian: Temesvár, German: Temeschwar or Temeschburg, Serbian: Temišvar, Turkish: Tamışvar) is a city in western Romania, in the Banat region, Timiş county, population 329,554 in 2000. ... Sibiu (German: Hermannstadt, Hungarian: Nagyszeben) is a city in Transylvania, Romania with a population of 170,000. ... Oradea (-Romanian, Hungarian: Nagyvárad, sometimes Várad; German: Großwardein) is a city located in the county of Bihor (BH), in Transylvania, Romania. ... Huedin (Hungarian: Bánffyhunyad) is a town in Cluj county, Romania. ... Arad (population: 172,824) is a city in Arad county, Transylvania, in the west part of Romania. ... Satu Mare (Hungarian: Szatmárnémeti, German: Sathmar) is a city with a population of 115,000 and the capital of Satu Mare county, Romania. ... Constanţa (old names: Kustendji, Kustendja, Köstence, Constantza) is a seaport on the Black Sea and the capital of Constanţa county, Romania. ... Mangalia (population:40,000) is a city and a port on the Romanian coast of the Black Sea. ... Suceava (German Suczawa, Yiddish שאָץ Shots) is a city in the Suceava county, Bucovina, Romania. ... Map of Romania showing Iasi Iaşi (also known as Jassy) is a city and a county (see Iasi (county)) in north-eastern Romania, in the historic region of Moldavia. ... // General description Geographic location Craiova (formerly known as Krajova) is a Romanian city, the capital of the county of Dolj, situated near the left bank of the river Jiu. ... . Sighetu Marmaţiei (Hungarian: Máramarossziget, Ruthenian: Sihota), formely Sighet, is a city in Maramureş county near Iza river, in Maramureş region, in Romania. ...

Health

In Aiud municipality, there is a new hospital built in 1993. It has 318 beds and 15 sections. There are also radiology services, 24-hour emergency services and a large ambulance station, making the hospital one of the better-equipped in the region. Nearby, there is also a medical centre with 14 specialised cabinets. There is also a tuberculosis sanatory in Aiud, and it is situated in the southeast of the city. This hospital was built in 1914 and currently has 220 beds. 1993 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... Chest X-ray Radiology traditionally was the branch of medical science dealing with the medical use of X-rays emitted by X-ray machines or other such radiation devices for the purpose of obtaining visual information as part of medical imaging. ... An emergency is a situation that poses an immediate threat to human life or serious damage to property. ... Ambulance An ambulance is a vehicle designated for the transport of sick or injured people. ... A physician visiting the sick in a hospital. ... Tuberculous lungs show up on an X-ray image Tuberculosis is an infection with the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also affect the central nervous system (meningitis), lymphatic system, circulatory system (miliary TB), genitourinary system, bones and joints. ...

External links

• Municipality of Aiud (in Romanian)
• Home page of aiudeans from all over the world (in Romanian, English, German, French, Italian, Hungarian)