NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani

Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (Persian: اکبر هاشمی رفسنجانی Akbar Hāshemī Rafanjānī), Hashemi Bahramani (هاشمی بهرمانی) born on August 25, 1934, is an influential Iranian politician, and is currently serving as the Chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council of Iran. portrait of Iranian President Rafsanjani File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The President of Iran holds a very important office in Irans political establishment. ... August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... August 2 is the 214th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (215th in leap years), with 151 days remaining. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Hassan Ebrahim Habibi (in Persian: ØØ³Ù† Ø§Ø¨Ø±Ø§Ù‡ÛŒÙ… ØØ¨ÛŒØ¨ÛŒ) (born 1937?) is an Iranian politician and scholar, presently the Head of Academy of Persian Language and Literature (from October 11, 2004, for four years), and a member of the High Council of Cultural Revolution. ... Grand Ã‚yatollÃ¢h (Persian: Ø¢ÛŒØªâ€ŒØ§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ Ø³ÛŒØ¯ Ø¹Ù„ÛŒ ØØ³ÛŒÙ†ÛŒ Ú©Ø³ Ù†Ù†Ù‡ Ø§ÛŒ Ä€yatollÄh Seyyed `AlÄ« á¸¤oseynÄ« KhÄmeneÄ«) (born 17 July 1939), also known as Seyyed Ali Khamenei,[1] is the current Supreme Leader of Iran and was the president of Iran from 1981 to 1989. ... Mohammad Khatami (Persian : Ø³ÛŒØ¯ Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø®Ø§ØªÙ…ÛŒ Seyyed Moá¸¥ammad KhÄtamÄ«), born on September 29, 1943, in Ardakan city of Yazd province, is an Iranian intellectual, philosopher and political figure. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iran. ... The Combatant Clergy Association (Jamee-ye Rowhaniyat-e Mobarez) or (Ø¬Ø§Ù…Ø¹Ù‡ Ø±ÙˆØØ§Ù†ÛŒØª Ù…Ø¨Ø§Ø±Ø² in Persian), is a political party in Iran. ... Persian (Local names: ÙØ§Ø±Ø³ÛŒ FÃ¢rsi or Ù¾Ø§Ø±Ø³ÛŒ PÃ¢rsi)* is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan as well as by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... August 25 is the 237th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (238th in leap years), with 128 days remaining. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box: A politician is an individual who is a formally recognized and active member of a government, or a person who influences the way a society is governed through an understanding of political power and group dynamics. ... The Expediency Discernment Council of the System [1](Persian: Ù…Ø¬Ù…Ø¹ ØªØ´Ø®ÛŒØµ Ù…ØµÙ„ØØª Ù†Ø¸Ø§Ù…), is an unelected[2] establishment in the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran created on 6 February 1988[3]. Its purpose is to resolve differences or conflicts between the Majlis and the Council of Guardians, and also to serve as a...

Forbes magazine at one time listed Rafsanjani in their list of richest people in the world and has written that as the real power behind the Iranian government, he "has more or less run the Islamic Republic for the past 24 years." ^[1] His wealth has earned him the infamous nickname of Akbar Shah in Iran.^[2] This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

He served as President of Iran from 1989 to 1997, losing on the second ballot to Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in the 2005 election on his attempt for a third term in office. After his loss, he has tried to use his position in the Expediency Council to denounce President Ahmadinejad's administration, under the pretext of privatization and foreign policy. However, President Ahmadinejad has noted Rafsanjani's failure to differentiate privatization with self takeover of government-owned companies, and disastrous foreign policies of his administration which lead to sanctions against Iran in 1995 and 1996.^[3]^[4] The President of Iran holds a very important office in Irans political establishment. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... (Persian: â€Ž â€‹, IPA: ), transcribed into English as Mahmud or Mahmood, Ahmadinezhad, Ahmadi-Nejad, Ahmadi Nejad, Ahmady Nejad) (born October 28, 1956) is the current president of the Islamic Republic of Iran. ... The Iranian presidential election of 2005, the ninth presidential election in Iranian history, took place in two rounds, first on June 17, 2005, and then as a run-off on June 24. ... This article outlines economic, trade, scientific and military Sanctions against Iran, which has been put forward by the U.S. government, or under U.S. pressure. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...

Currently, one of his sons is under public scrutiny for reportedly receiving an $80,000,000 bribe from Total oil company. However, it is not expected that his son face trial. (see:#Personal life) Bribery is the practice of offering a professional money or other favours in order to circumvent ethics in a variety of professions. ... Total, the globalized French oil company, is a leading multinational energy company with operations in more than 130 countries. ...

Political life

In 1948, when Rafsanjani was fourteen years old, his parents sent him to the holy city of Qom to enter seminary life. It was there that he began attending controversial classes taught by Ruhollah Khomeini, under whom Rafsanjani studied Islamic law, ethics, and mysticism. From this time forward, Rafsanjani became dedicated to Khomeini's cause, whose aim was to establish a constitutional theocracy, and soon became a major figure in his circle. ^[5] The Assembly of Experts (also Assembly of Experts for the Leadership) of Iran (Persian: Ù…Ø¬Ù„Ø³ Ø®Ø¨Ø±Ú¯Ø§Ù† Ø±Ù‡Ø¨Ø±ÛŒ, Majles-e-Khobregan), is a congressional body for selecting the Supreme Leader and supervising his activities. ... Ayatollah Ali Meshkini is an Iranian cleric and politician. ... The post of Supreme Leader (Persian: ÙˆÙ„ÛŒ ÙÙ‚ÛŒÙ‡ or Ø±Ù‡Ø¨Ø±, Rahbar, literally leader) was created in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran as the highest ranking political authority of the nation (see Guardianship of the jurists (doctrine)). Other Persian terms include the Valiye-Faqih (sometimes shortened to Faqih) or the Jurisprudent... Grand Ã‚yatollÃ¢h (Persian: Ø¢ÛŒØªâ€ŒØ§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ Ø³ÛŒØ¯ Ø¹Ù„ÛŒ ØØ³ÛŒÙ†ÛŒ Ú©Ø³ Ù†Ù†Ù‡ Ø§ÛŒ Ä€yatollÄh Seyyed `AlÄ« á¸¤oseynÄ« KhÄmeneÄ«) (born 17 July 1939), also known as Seyyed Ali Khamenei,[1] is the current Supreme Leader of Iran and was the president of Iran from 1981 to 1989. ... The President of Iran holds a very important office in Irans political establishment. ... (Persian: â€Ž â€‹, IPA: ), transcribed into English as Mahmud or Mahmood, Ahmadinezhad, Ahmadi-Nejad, Ahmadi Nejad, Ahmady Nejad) (born October 28, 1956) is the current president of the Islamic Republic of Iran. ... Vice President of Iran is defined by article 124 of the Iranian constitution, as anyone appointed by the President to lead an organization related to the Presidential affairs. ... Parviz Davoodi (born 1952 in Tehran) is the current First Vice President of Iran (since September 11, 2005). ... مجلس شورای اسلامی - The Majles; Irans Parliament. ... Haddad-Adel Gholam Ali Haddad-Adel (ØºÙ„Ø§Ù…Ø¹Ù„ÛŒ ØØ¯Ø§Ø¯ Ø¹Ø§Ø¯Ù„ in Persian) born in 1945 in Tehran, Iran, is the chairman of the Iranian Parliament. ... Supreme National Security Council is a body within the Islamic Republic of Iran the secretary whereof is Ali Larijani. ... Ali Larijani while lecturing for his presidential campaign at Sharif University of Technology in March, 2005. ... The Guardian Council of the Constitution[1] (Persian: Ø´ÙˆØ±Ø§ÛŒ Ù†Ú¯Ù‡Ø¨Ø§Ù† Ù‚Ø§Ù†ÙˆÙ† Ø§Ø³Ø§Ø³ÛŒ) is a high chamber within the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. ... Ahmad Jannati (born in Esfahan in 1926) (Persian: â€Ž â€‹) is an Iranian ayatollah and political figure. ... The Expediency Discernment Council of the System [1](Persian: Ù…Ø¬Ù…Ø¹ ØªØ´Ø®ÛŒØµ Ù…ØµÙ„ØØª Ù†Ø¸Ø§Ù…), is an unelected[2] establishment in the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran created on 6 February 1988[3]. Its purpose is to resolve differences or conflicts between the Majlis and the Council of Guardians, and also to serve as a... President Rafsanjani Akbar Hashemi Bahramani kharkosteh (Persian: اکبر هاشمی بهرمانی), famously known as Hashemi Rafsanjani (هاشمی رفسنجانی) (born August 25, 1934) is one of the most... City and Village Councils (full title is: Provincial, City, District and Village Councils) are local councils which are elected by public vote in all cities and villages throughout Iran. ... Iranian soldiers The military forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran include three regular armed forces; the Army, Navy, Air Force, and a fourth armed force, the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution. ... The new Defence Minister, Mostafa Mohammad Najjar, 49, is a veteran of the Revolutionary Guards since the establishment of the body in 1980, where he served as in charge of the Middle East Department, with Palestine, Lebanon and the Persian Gulf as places of particular attention. ... The current judicial system of Iran was implemented and established by Ali Akbar Davar and some of his contemporaries. ... Ayatollah Seyyed Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi (Ø¢ÛŒØªâ€ŒØ§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ Ø³ÛŒØ¯ Ù…ØÙ…ÙˆØ¯ Ù‡Ø§Ø´Ù…ÛŒ Ø´Ø§Ù‡Ø±ÙˆØ¯ÛŒ) (Born 1948 in Najaf, Iraq) is an Iranian politician and Shia cleric. ... The Ministry of Intelligence and National Security (ÙˆØ²Ø§Ø±Øª Ø§Ø·Ù„Ø§Ø¹Ø§Øª), is the primary intelligence agency of Iran. ... Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Ejeie is the current head of the Ministry of Intelligence in Iran, also known as SVAMA and was appointed by the current president of Iran, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, on August 24, 2005. ... Bank Markazi, Tehran, Iran Bank Markazi Iran or Bank Markazi Jomhouri Islami Iran (Persian: Ø¨Ø§Ù†Ú© Ù…Ø±Ú©Ø²ÛŒ Ø¬Ù…Ù‡ÙˆØ±ÛŒ Ø§Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÛŒ Ø§ÙŠØ±Ø§Ù†) is the Central bank of Iran. ... Ebrahim Sheibani is an Iranian economist currently governing the Central Bank of Iran. ... The Iranian constitution prohibits the granting of petroleum rights on a concessionary basis or direct equity stake. ... Kazem vaziri Mahane is the current minister of petroleum in Iran. ... The National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), under the direction of the Ministry of Petroleum of Iran, is an oil and natural gas producer and distributor headquartered in Tehran. ... Politics of Iran Categories: Election related stubs | Elections in Iran ... The Iranian Assembly of Experts election of 2006 is planned to take place on December 15, 2006. ... The Iranian City and Village Councils election of 2006 is planned to take place on December 15, 2006. ... Iran consists of 30 provinces: Provinces are governed from a local center, mostly the largest local city. ... The provinces of Iran are divided into counties or shahrestÄnhÄ (Persian: Ø´Ù‡Ø±Ø³ØªØ§Ù†, singular shahrestÄn), and each shahrestan is subdivided into districts or bakhshÄnhÄ (Persian: Ø¨Ø®Ø´, singular bakhsh). ... Political parties in Iran lists political parties in Iran. ... // Darvazeh-e-Bagh-e-Melli: The main gates to Irans Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Tehran. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Qom (Persian: Ù‚Ù…, also known as Qum or Kom) is a city in Iran and the Qom (River) flows through the town. ... Grand Ayatollah Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini ( ) (Persian: Ø±ÙˆØ Ø§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ Ù…ÙˆØ³ÙˆÛŒ Ø®Ù…ÛŒÙ†ÛŒ RÅ«ollÄh MÅ«savÄ« KhomeynÄ« (May 17, 1900[1] â€“ June 3, 1989) was a Shi`i Muslim cleric and marja (religious authority), and the political leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution which saw the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of... Sharia (Arabic: transliteration: ) is the body of Islamic law. ... Irfan (Arabic/Persian: Ø¹Ø±ÙØ§Ù†) literally means knowing. ...

Prior to the Iranian Revolution, Rafsanjani had been jailed five times over a period of fifteen years from 1964 to 1979 for subversive activities against the Imperial government. ^[6] 1980 Iranian stamp commemorating the Islamic Revolution After Islamic Conquest Modern (SSR = Soviet Socialist Republic) Afghanistan Azerbaijan Bahrain Iran Iraq Tajikistan Uzbekistan This box: The Iranian Revolution (also known as the Islamic Revolution,[1][2][3][4][5][6] Persian: Ø§Ù†Ù‚Ù„Ø§Ø¨ Ø§Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÛŒ, EnghelÄbe EslÄmi) was the revolution that transformed Iran...

Together with Mohammad Javad Bahonar, Mohammad Beheshti, Morteza Motahhari, and Abdolkarim Mousavi Ardebili, he became a key member of Iran's Revolutionary Council at the beginning of the new Islamic Republic, and became the first speaker of the new Iranian Parliament, serving until 1989. Mohammad Javad Bahonar (محمدجواد باهنر in Persian), (1933 - August 30, 1981), was the second prime minister of Iran following the 1979 revolution, and the secretary-general of the Islamic Republic Party. ... Mohammad Beheshti Ayatollah Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Beheshti (Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ ØØ³ÛŒÙ†ÛŒ Ø¨Ù‡Ø´ØªÛŒ in Persian), (October 24, 1928 - June 28, 1981) was an Iranian cleric, the secretary-general of the Islamic Republic party, and the head of the Islamic Republics judicial system. ... Ayatollah Morteza Motahhari (مرتضی مطهری; February 3, 1920 – May 1, 1979) was an Iranian scholar, cleric, professor, and politician. ... Ayatollah Abdolkarim Mousavi Ardebili (Ø¹Ø¨Ø¯Ø§Ù„Ú©Ø±ÛŒÙ… Ù…ÙˆØ³ÙˆÛŒ Ø§Ø±Ø¯Ø¨ÛŒÙ„ÛŒ; born January 28, 1926), also spelled Ardabili, is an Iranian marja and politician. ... Revolutionary Council may refer to: Revolutionary council of Islamic revolution of Iran , a group of clerics and experts who chose by Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979 to manage Islamic revolution of Iran and then legislate for The Interim Government of Iran Armed Forces Revolutionary Council, a group of Sierra Leone soldiers... â€¹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... مجلس شورای اسلامی - The Majles; Irans Parliament. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

He was one of the main figures in the Iran contra scandal but Khomeini issued a command banning any investigation about him. The Iran-Contra Affair was a political scandal in the United States during the 1980s. ...

Rafsanjani served as President of Iran from August 17, 1989 to 1997, and was the first President of Iran to step down officially, having completed his term in office. Of his predecessors, Abolhassan Banisadr was successfully impeached, Mohammad Ali Rajai was assassinated. Until the election of Rafsanjani, Ali Khamenei was both the President and Supreme Leader, and officially stepped down as President of Iran, about two month prior to completing of his presidential term. The President of Iran holds a very important office in Irans political establishment. ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The President of Iran holds a very important office in Irans political establishment. ... Abolhassan Banisadr Abolhassan Banisadr (Persian: Ø§Ø¨ÙˆØ§Ù„ØØ³Ù† Ø¨Ù†ÛŒâ€ŒØµØ¯Ø±;born March 22, 1933) was the first elected President of Iran after the 1979 Iranian Revolution. ... Depiction of the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson, then President of the United States, in 1868. ... Mohammad Ali Rajai Mohammad Ali Rajai (Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø¹Ù„ÛŒ Ø±Ø¬Ø§Ø¦ÛŒ in Persian) (1933 â€“ August 30, 1981) was the second elected President of Iran, after serving as Prime Minister under Abolhassan Banisadr. ... It has been suggested that Selective assassination be merged into this article or section. ... Grand Ã‚yatollÃ¢h (Persian: Ø¢ÛŒØªâ€ŒØ§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ Ø³ÛŒØ¯ Ø¹Ù„ÛŒ ØØ³ÛŒÙ†ÛŒ Ú©Ø³ Ù†Ù†Ù‡ Ø§ÛŒ Ä€yatollÄh Seyyed `AlÄ« á¸¤oseynÄ« KhÄmeneÄ«) (born 17 July 1939), also known as Seyyed Ali Khamenei,[1] is the current Supreme Leader of Iran and was the president of Iran from 1981 to 1989. ... Ayatollah Sayyed Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran. ... The President of Iran holds a very important office in Irans political establishment. ...

In 2000, in the first election after the end of his presidency, Rafsanjani ran again for Parliament but was not among the 30 representatives of Tehran elected, as announced by the Iranian Ministry of the Interior. The Council of Guardians then ruled numerous ballots void and were able to get him elected as the 30th representative. Rafsanjani thus became a Member of Parliament once more, but resigned before being sworn in as an MP. He explained that he felt he was "able to serve the people better in other posts". 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Minister of Justice of the Islamic Republic of Iran is responsible for prosecuting the government cases. ... The Guardian Council of the Constitution (شورای نگهبان قانون اساسی in Persian) is a high office within the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran which has the authority to interpret the constitution... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a parliament. ...

Rafsanjani is currently the Chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council, that resolves legislative issues between the Parliament and the Council of Guardians. The Expediency Discernment Council of the System [1](Persian: Ù…Ø¬Ù…Ø¹ ØªØ´Ø®ÛŒØµ Ù…ØµÙ„ØØª Ù†Ø¸Ø§Ù…), is an unelected[2] establishment in the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran created on 6 February 1988[3]. Its purpose is to resolve differences or conflicts between the Majlis and the Council of Guardians, and also to serve as a... A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modelled after that of the United Kingdom. ... The Guardian Council of the Constitution (شورای نگهبان قانون اساسی in Persian) is a high office within the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran which has the authority to interpret the constitution...

In December 2006, Rafsanjani was elected to the Assembly of Experts representing Tehran with more than 1.5 million votes, which was more than any other candidate. Ahmadinejad opponents win majority of local election seats] by Ali Akbar Dareini (Associated Press), December 22, 2006. The Assembly of Experts (also Assembly of Experts for the Leadership) of Iran (Persian: Ù…Ø¬Ù„Ø³ Ø®Ø¨Ø±Ú¯Ø§Ù† Ø±Ù‡Ø¨Ø±ÛŒ, Majles-e-Khobregan), is a congressional body for selecting the Supreme Leader and supervising his activities. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Political parties

Rafsanjani was a founding member of the Islamic Republic Party, established soon after the Iranian Revolution in 1979. The party advocated the establishment of a theocratic Islamic state, in contrast to the secularism of the Provisional Revolutionary Government. The Islamic Republic Party (ØØ²Ø¨ Ø¬Ù…Ù‡ÙˆØ±ÛŒ Ø§Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÛŒ) was a political party in Iran, founded in 1979 by Mohammad Javad Bahonar, Mohammad Beheshti, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Ali Khamenei, and Abdolkarim Mousavi-Ardabili, and included several supporters of the Islamic Republic government of Iran. ... 1980 Iranian stamp commemorating the Islamic Revolution After Islamic Conquest Modern (SSR = Soviet Socialist Republic) Afghanistan Azerbaijan Bahrain Iran Iraq Tajikistan Uzbekistan This box: The Iranian Revolution (also known as the Islamic Revolution,[1][2][3][4][5][6] Persian: Ø§Ù†Ù‚Ù„Ø§Ø¨ Ø§Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÛŒ, EnghelÄbe EslÄmi) was the revolution that transformed Iran... (Caution: Saigon was renamed Há»“ ChÃ Minh City on May 1, 1975 after the Fall/Liberation of Saigon. ...

Although he has been a member of the pragmatic-conservative Combatant Clergy Association, he has a close bond to the reformist Kargozaran party. He has been seen as flip-flopping between conservative and reformist camps since the election of Mohammad Khatami, supporting reformers in that election, but going back to the conservative camp in the 2000 parliamentary elections as a result of major reformist parties refusing to accept him as their candidate. He has had close ties with the reformers since he lost the 2005 presidential elections to Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.^[7] The Combatant Clergy Association (Jamee-ye Rowhaniyat-e Mobarez) or (Ø¬Ø§Ù…Ø¹Ù‡ Ø±ÙˆØØ§Ù†ÛŒØª Ù…Ø¨Ø§Ø±Ø² in Persian), is a political party in Iran. ... The Executives of Construction Party (Hezb-e Kaargozaaraan-e Saazandegi, ØØ²Ø¨ Ú©Ø§Ø±Ú¯Ø²Ø§Ø±Ø§Ù† Ø³Ø§Ø²Ù†Ø¯Ú¯ÛŒ) is a political party in Iran, founded by several members of the cabinet of the then-President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. ... Mohammad Khatami (Persian : Ø³ÛŒØ¯ Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø®Ø§ØªÙ…ÛŒ Seyyed Moá¸¥ammad KhÄtamÄ«), born on September 29, 1943, in Ardakan city of Yazd province, is an Iranian intellectual, philosopher and political figure. ... Iranian parliamentary elections, 2000, was the election held for the sixth parliament of Iran (2000-2004) after the Iranian revolution. ... The Iranian presidential election of 2005, the ninth presidential election in Iranian history, took place in two rounds, first on June 17, 2005, and then as a run-off on June 24. ... (Persian: â€Ž â€‹, IPA: ), transcribed into English as Mahmud or Mahmood, Ahmadinezhad, Ahmadi-Nejad, Ahmadi Nejad, Ahmady Nejad) (born October 28, 1956) is the current president of the Islamic Republic of Iran. ...

Presidency

Domestic policy

Rafsanjani advocated a free market economy. With the state's coffers full, Rafsanjani pursued an economic liberalisation policy.^[7] Rafsanjani's support for a deal with America over Iran's nuclear programme and his free-market economic policies contrasted with Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and his allies, who advocate showing the West no quarter while pursuing a course of budget-busting state handouts in the face of repeated warnings of future economic problems.^[8]

He urged universities to cooperate with industries. Turning to the quick pace of developments in today's world, he said that with "the world constantly changing, we should adjust ourselves to the conditions of our lifetime and make decisions according to present circumstances." ^[9]

Foreign policy

He attempted to forge good relations^{[citation needed]} with Arab countries and countries in Central Asia including Azerbaijan^{[citation needed]}, Turkmenistan^{[citation needed]} and Kazakhstan^{[citation needed]}. However relations with European countries and the US remained poor. Though, Rafsanjani has a track record of handling difficult situations and defusing crises.^[12] Languages Arabic other minority languages Religions Predomiantly Sunni Islam, as well as Shia Islam, Greek Orthodoxy, Greek Catholicism, Maronite, Alawite Islam, Druze, Ibadi Islam, and Judaism An Arab (Arabic: ) is any member of the Semitic group of people whose cultural, linguistic, and in certain cases, ancestral origins trace back to... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... A European is primarily a person who was born into one of the countries within the continent of Europe. ... United States may refer to: Places: United States of America SS United States, the fastest ocean liner ever built. ...

He condemned both the USA and Iraq during the Persian Gulf War in 1991. After the war he strove to renew close ties with the West, although he refused to lift Khomeini's fatwa against the British author Salman Rushdie.^[13] See also: 2003 invasion of Iraq and Gulf War (disambiguation) C Company, 1st Battalion, The Staffordshire Regiment, 1st UK Armoured Division The Persian Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations led by the United States. ...

Former Iranian president Rafsanjani has said that Iran is ready to assist Iraq "expecting nothing in return." On the other hand, he has said that "peace and stability" is a function of the "evacuation of the occupiers."^[14]

Rafsanjani voiced support to Prince Abdullah's peace initiative and to "everything the Palestinians agree to". He was also clear that Iran's international interests must take precedence over those of Iranian allies in Syria and Lebanon.^[15]

Accusations of involvement in assassinations and bombings

In 1997, a German court convicted two men of murder in the 1992 Mykonos restaurant assassinations of Sadiq Sarafkindi, an Iranian-Kurdish leader, as well as three of his associates, and convicted two others of being accessories to the crimes. Presiding Judge Frithjof Kubsch said the men had no personal motive but were following orders. Without naming names, Kubsch said the gangland-style murders had been ordered by Iran's Committee for Special Operations, to which Iran's President and spiritual leader belonged. Prosecutors had contended that Iran's powerful spiritual leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, and Iranian President Hashemi Rafsanjani had personally ordered the killings. ^[16] 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... In the Mykonos restaurant assassinations of 17 September 1992, Iranian-Kurdish opposition leaders Sadegh Sharafkandi, Fattah Abdoli, Homayoun Ardalan and their translator Nouri Dehkordi were assassinated at the Mykonos Greek restaurant in Berlin, Germany. ... Kurds are one of the Iranian peoples and speak Kurdish, a north-Western Iranian language related to Persian. ... Ayatollah Ali Khamenei Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei (Persian: آیت‌الله سید علی خامنه‌ای) (born July 15, 1939) is the Iran. ...

On 25 October 2006, a team of Argentine prosecutors formally charged Iran and Shi'a militia Hezbollah with the 1994 AMIA Bombing in Buenos Aires, accusing the Iranian authorities of directing Hezbollah to carry out that attack and calling for the arrest of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and seven others.^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20] This incident has put Ahmadinejad's government in the awkward position of defending Rafsanjani, whom they oppose for corruption and being pro-Western.^[21] Therefore, this event was seen as a positive development for Rafsanjani during his successful campaign for election as a member of the Assembly of Experts in December 2006.^[21] October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... For other uses, see Hezbollah (disambiguation). ... The AMIA Bombing was an attack on the AsociaciÃ³n Mutual Israelita Argentina (Argentine Israelite Mutual Association, or AMIA) building in Buenos Aires on July 18, 1994, that killed 85 people. ... For other uses, see Buenos Aires (disambiguation). ... , sometimes also transcribed into English as Mahmud, Mahmood, Ahmadinezhad, Ahmadi-Nejad, Ahmadi Nejad (Persian: ; born October 28, 1956), is the sixth president of the Islamic Republic of Iran. ... The Assembly of Experts (also Assembly of Experts for the Leadership) of Iran (Persian: Ù…Ø¬Ù„Ø³ Ø®Ø¨Ø±Ú¯Ø§Ù† Ø±Ù‡Ø¨Ø±ÛŒ, Majles-e-Khobregan), is a congressional body for selecting the Supreme Leader and supervising his activities. ...

Personal life

He was born in the village of Bahraman near the city of Rafsanjan in Kerman Province to a family of pistachio farmers. ^[22] He has eight other siblings. ^[23]. Rafsanjan (Persian: رفسنجان) is a city in Iran, in the province of Kerman. ... Kerman is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ...

From a marriage in 1958, Rafsanjani has three sons: Mohsen, Mehdi, and Yasser, as well as two daughters, Fatemeh and Faezeh. Only Faezeh Hashemi chose a political life, which led to her becoming a Majlis representative and then the publisher of the newspaper Zan. Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Zan is also a town in Chad. ...

Many consider Rafsanjani to be the richest man in Iran due to his deep involvement in various Iranian industries, including the oil industry, as well as his ownership of many properties throughout the country. There have also been allegations that some of his wealth has also come from arms deals made after the Revolution. ^[24]

Rafsanjani has authored a few books, one of the most important being a book on Amir Kabir titled Amir Kabir; the Hero of Fighting against Imperialism. Amir Kabir (امیرکبیر in Persian), also known as Mirza Taghi Khan Amir_Nezam (میرزا تقی‌خان امیرنظام), was the chancellor of Persia under Nasereddin Shah. ...

He has also met with American actor Sean Penn during his visit to Iran in June 2005. ^[25] This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

In 1997, his son Mehdi Hashemi Rafsanjani , the then-head of state-owned Gaz Iran Company, has reportedly received a €60,000,000 ($80,000,000) bribe from Total oil company, in order for Total to get a favorable contract in PSEEZ gas fields. The bribery which has recently come to public attention, has been denied by Mehdi Hashemi Rafsanjani , and he has threatened the newspapers that he will legally prosecute those which publish this incident. The former CEO of Total is currently under investigation in France with regards to this incident.^[26]^[27] 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... â€œEURâ€ redirects here. ... Bribery is the practice of offering a professional money or other favours in order to circumvent ethics in a variety of professions. ... Total, the globalized French oil company, is a leading multinational energy company with operations in more than 130 countries. ... Asalouyeh (Persian: Ø¹Ø³Ù„ÙˆÛŒÙ‡) also transcribed Assalouyeh and Assaluyeh, and sometimes prefixed by bandar, meaning port) is a town in southern Iran, in Bushehr Province. ...

Quotes

This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Look up October in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Islamic world is the world-wide community of those who identify with Islam, known as Muslims, and who number approximately one-and-a-half billion people. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, in 1945 lifted nuclear fallout some 18 km (60,000 feet) above the epicenter. ... The Assembly of Experts (also Assembly of Experts for the Leadership) of Iran (Persian: Ù…Ø¬Ù„Ø³ Ø®Ø¨Ø±Ú¯Ø§Ù† Ø±Ù‡Ø¨Ø±ÛŒ, Majles-e-Khobregan), is a congressional body for selecting the Supreme Leader and supervising his activities. ... Hojjat ol-Eslam Mehdi Karroubi (Ù…Ù‡Ø¯ÛŒ Ú©Ø±ÙˆØ¨ÛŒ ; born 1939? in Aligoudarz in Lorestan) is an Iranian politician and cleric, the resigned chairman and founding member of the Militant Clerics Society party. ... Grand Ã‚yatollÃ¢h (Persian: Ø¢ÛŒØªâ€ŒØ§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ Ø³ÛŒØ¯ Ø¹Ù„ÛŒ ØØ³ÛŒÙ†ÛŒ Ú©Ø³ Ù†Ù†Ù‡ Ø§ÛŒ Ä€yatollÄh Seyyed `AlÄ« á¸¤oseynÄ« KhÄmeneÄ«) (born 17 July 1939), also known as Seyyed Ali Khamenei,[1] is the current Supreme Leader of Iran and was the president of Iran from 1981 to 1989. ... The President of Iran holds a very important office in Irans political establishment. ... Mohammad Khatami (Persian : Ø³ÛŒØ¯ Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø®Ø§ØªÙ…ÛŒ Seyyed Moá¸¥ammad KhÄtamÄ«), born on September 29, 1943, in Ardakan city of Yazd province, is an Iranian intellectual, philosopher and political figure. ... Grand Ã‚yatollÃ¢h (Persian: Ø¢ÛŒØªâ€ŒØ§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ Ø³ÛŒØ¯ Ø¹Ù„ÛŒ ØØ³ÛŒÙ†ÛŒ Ú©Ø³ Ù†Ù†Ù‡ Ø§ÛŒ Ä€yatollÄh Seyyed `AlÄ« á¸¤oseynÄ« KhÄmeneÄ«) (born 17 July 1939), also known as Seyyed Ali Khamenei,[1] is the current Supreme Leader of Iran and was the president of Iran from 1981 to 1989. ... The Expediency Discernment Council of the System (Persian: مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام), is an establishment in the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran to resolve differences or conflicts between the Majlis and the Council of Guardians...

References

This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Daily Jang () is the largest Urdu language newspaper. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The current BBC News logo BBC News and Current Affairs is a major arm of the BBC responsible for the corporations newsgathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Financial Times (FT) is an international business newspaper printed on distinctive salmon pink broadsheet paper. ... The Financial Times (FT) is an international business newspaper printed on distinctive salmon pink broadsheet paper. ... Todays San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. ... December 14 is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

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