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Akhisar (pronounced: ah-kee-sahr; or Tepe Mezarligi) is a district and a town center of Manisa Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. Akhisar is the biblical Thyatira. Manisa Province is a Province in western Turkey. ...
Aegean Region Aegean Region (Ege Bölgesi), is one of the 7 census-defined regions of Turkey. ...
According to Eastons Bible Dictionary, Thyatira (now Tepe Mezarligi) was a city of Asia Minor, on the borders of Lydia and Mysia. ...
Archaeological finds prove settlements going well back to 3000 BC, Akhisar has always been a busy trade center on the intersection of important roads since ancient ages. It was one of important ancient Lydia cities where "money" was first used. Akhisar (Thyatira) hosted one of the seven churches of the Book of Revelation. Akhisar maintained its importance as a regional trade center under Ottoman Empire. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Akhisar had also become the home of a sizable Jewish community. Lydia (Greek ) is a historic region of western Anatolia, congruent with Turkeys modern provinces of Ä°zmir and Manisa. ...
In the Book of Revelation, the angel sent to John the Evangelist tells him (Revelation 1:11, KJV): What thou seest, write in a book, and send it unto the seven churches which are in Asia; unto Ephesus, and unto Smyrna, and unto Pergamos, and unto Thyatira, and unto Sardis...
Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281–1326 Osman I - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI...
For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ...
Today's Akhisar is still the trade and business center in its region. Akhisar's name is internationally recalled along with oriental tobacco, as fertile Akhisar land provides about 10% of Turkish oriental tobacco production. Its high-quality olives and olive oil are also among very well-known products. Species Nicotiana acuminata Nicotiana alata Nicotiana attenuata Nicotiana benthamiana Nicotiana clevelandii Nicotiana excelsior Nicotiana forgetiana Nicotiana glauca Nicotiana glutinosa Nicotiana langsdorffii Nicotiana longiflora Nicotiana obtusifolia Nicotiana paniculata Nicotiana plumbagifolia Nicotiana quadrivalvis Nicotiana repanda Nicotiana rustica Nicotianasuaveolens Nicotiana sylvestris Nicotiana tabacum Nicotiana tomentosa Ref: ITIS 30562 as of August 26, 2005...
Binomial name Olea europaea L. 19th century illustration The Olive (Olea europaea) is a species of small tree in the family Oleaceae, native to coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean region, from Lebanon and the maritime parts of Asia Minor and northern Iran at the south end of the Caspian...
A bottle of olive oil. ...
History
The town was the most important center in the North ancient Lydia. Findings suggest a period with possible Hittite pre-eminence. Persian occupation took place around 500 BC and later, Thyateira was conquered by Alexander the Great and submitted to Macedonian rule around 300 BC. In later years, Thyateira captured by Seleucids, Kingdom of Pergamum and Pontos, until Roman Era starting at 80 BC. Lydia (Greek ) is a historic region of western Anatolia, congruent with Turkeys modern provinces of Ä°zmir and Manisa. ...
Relief of Suppiluliuma II, last known king of the Hittite Empire The Hittites were an ancient people who spoke an Indo-European language, and established a kingdom centered at Hattusa (Hittite URU) in north-central Anatolia from the 18th century BC. In the 14th century BC, the Hittite empire was...
The Persian Empire was a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the old Persian homeland, and beyond in Western Asia, Central Asia and the Caucasus. ...
Alexander the Great (Greek: ,[1] Megas Alexandros; July 356 BC–June 11, 323 BC), also known as Alexander III, king of Macedon (336–323 BC), was one of the most successful military commanders in history. ...
Roman emperor Caracalla announced the town as a regional and administrative center with the power of adjudication (conventus) in AD 214. The city flourished in Roman Era and became a large metropolis with 3 gymnasiums. Right after the partition of Roman Empire in 395, the Eastern part was renamed as Byzantine Empire. Arab raids to Anatolia in the purpose of spreading Islam resulted in great land loss for Byzantium. Akhisar plain witnessed many battles between Byzantine and Arabs during the Crusades. Caracalla (April 4, 186 – April 8, 217) was Roman Emperor from 211 – 217. ...
Events The kingdom of Osroene becomes a province of the Roman Empire. ...
Islam (Arabic: ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ...
In 1st and 2nd centuries AD, Christianity was spreading in Western Anatolia by the help and leadership of apostles like John the Evangelist and Paul. Thyatira appears twice in the New Testament: the first is as one of the Seven Churches in Asia Minor, where a Thyateiran woman named "Jezebel" is said to have fought against Christians (Revelation 2:18-29); the second time is when a Thyatiran woman named "Lydia" is said to have helped Paul (Acts 16:14). It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with John the Apostle. ...
Paul of Tarsus (b. ...
John 21:1 Jesus Appears to His Disciples--Alessandro Mantovani: the Vatican, Rome. ...
The seven churches of Asia are seven churches mentioned in the Book of Revelation of the New Testament. ...
Visions of John of Patmos, as depicted in the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. ...
The Acts of the Apostles (Greek Praxeis Apostolon) is a book of the Bible, which now stands fifth in the New Testament. ...
Turkish tribes from Central Asia had been to Asia Minor in 8th century AD. However, in the 1100s, a large-scale Turkish inflow started. Akhisar continuously went back and forth between Byzantine and Turkish rules during this century. During the 1200s, Akhisar was within the boundaries of Byzantine state. Meanwhile, Anatolian Turks were threatened by Mongolian raids from the East. Turks got through Mongols and then attacked to Byzantine. In the 1300s, Turkish regained all Western Anatolia and Akhisar submitted to Turkish rule in 1307. In subsequent years, the small Ottoman State (Osmanli Beyligi) became the great Ottoman Empire extending from today's Germany to India and Morocco. In Ottoman administration, Akhisar was a county in Saruhan Sanjak of Kütahya State. Later, Saruhan Sanjak had become a part of Aydın State until 1922. World map showing the location of Asia. ...
Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to...
Events July - The Knights Hospitaller begin their conquest of Rhodes. ...
Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281–1326 Osman I - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI...
Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281–1326 Osman I - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI...
Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ...
In ancient times, Thyateira was an important center of activity. It was on the ancient roads from Istanbul to Pergamum, Sardis and Ephesus. Thyateira was at the center of many small towns and villages administratively and politically bound to it. Cloth and pottery trade was the main activity in town. Production of wool, linen, brass goods and tanning were other commercial activities. The city remained as a center of trade activity for centuries. Akhisar's cloth and cords were reputable in Istanbul markets. Among the other agricultural merchandise were olives, olive oil, water melons, grapes and raisins. Tanning was also an important activity in the town. Pergamon or Pergamum (modern day Bergama in Turkey) was a Greek city, in northwestern Anatolia, 16 miles from the Aegean Sea, located on a promontory on the north side of the river Caicus (modern day Bakir), that became an important kingdom during the Hellenistic period, under the Attalid dynasty, 282...
A recent view of the ceremonial court of the thermae–gymnasium complex in Sardis, dated to 211—212 AD Sardis, also Sardes (Lydian: Sfard, Greek: ΣάÏδεις, Persian: Sparda), modern Sart in the Manisa province of Turkey, was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Lydia, the seat of a proconsul under...
Historical Map of Ephesus, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1888 Ephesus (Greek: , Turkish: ), was one of the great cities of the Ionian Greeks in Asia Minor, located in Lydia where the Cayster River (Küçük Menderes) flows into the Aegean Sea (in modern day Turkey). ...
This high level of economical activity was making Akhisar the most important county in Saruhan Sanjak. The first Ottoman records about Akhisar date back to the 1500s. Those records tell us that Akhisar was a county center paying 40% more income tax than the capital of Saruhan Sanjak. At the end of the 19th century, downtown population had reached 30,000. After the declaration of Turkish Republic, Akhisar continuously went for its development. Many modern avenues, streets were constructed. In later years, development continued with a stadium, grass soccer field, many parks and recreational areas throughout the city. Many banks, shops and tourist hotels are now lined up along the busy street (Tahir Un Avenue) which connects the train station to the city center.
An industrial zone specializing in automotive repair and small parts production and a number of factories such as olive oil production plants, brick factories, tobacco (cigarette) factory were constructed. The Greater Akhisar Industrial Zone is currently under construction. Since the city resides on the State Highway 565 between İzmir and Istanbul, two important ports of Asia Minor, Akhisar Industrial Zone offers impressive investment opportunities for domestic and foreign investors. Pasaport Quays view from Konak Pier Ä°zmir (Ottoman Turkish: إزمير Ä°zmir, Greek: ΣμÏÏνη SmýrnÄ“, Armenian: Ô»Õ¦Õ´Õ«Ö€ Izmir, Italian: Smirne, Ladino: Izmir, without the Turkish dotted I) is the third most populous city of Turkey and the countrys largest port after Ä°stanbul. ...
Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ...
Historical findings and sites in Akhisar Ancient Akhisar is almost all covered over by the buildings and streets of modern town. However, some ruins from ancient and Middle Ages can still be seen all over the town. It is very likely to see ancient stones or column heads in street corners in the older city.
Tomb of State Hospital
This is a man-made tomb in the city center with Hellenistic ruins. However, some houseware findings on this hill reveal the existence of some primitive settlements dating back to 3,000 BC. Archeologists assume that the hill once hosted the acropol of ancient Thyateira. The Byzantine and Turkish names of the city were derived from the white painted tower on this castle. (Turkish name Akhisar, in Turkish: Ak = white + hisar = castle or, Byzantine name Asprokastro, in Greek Aspro=white + kastro=castle). This small hill has been hosting the State Hospital since World War II. Today, a Hellenistic tablet and sarcophagus can be seen in the Hospital garden.
Tepemezari
Some ruins of an ancient building complex and colonnaded road can be seen in "Tepemezari" area in downtown. The portico is estimated to have a length of 100 m. (330 ft.). It possibly connects the entrance of the large ancient building complex to the city acropol. Tepemezari was subject to an archaeological excavation during 1969-1971. These excavations revealed the walls of a rectangular Roman building along North-South direction with dimensions of about 40 m. by 10 m. (140 ft. by 30 ft.). For actual pictures of Tepemezari, please see the pictures page.
Akhisar Coins
Money was invented by Lydians in 7th century BC in West Anatolia. Thyateira, being the most important center in the North ancient Lydia, was definitely one of the first towns on the earth where money was used. Towards 200 BC, important trade centers started printing their own coins.
Oldest Thyateira coin is made of bronze and belongs to times when Pergamum Rule was prevalent. Thyateira coins usually display the figures of Apollo and Artemis on one side and double sided axe on the other side. During 50s AD, Thyateira printed coins bearing figures of Roman emperors, local governors and city administrators. Roman coins also revealed some sports activities and festivals in Thyateira.
Some coin findings indicate that there was once an economical alliance between Thyateira, Smyrna (İzmir) and Pergamon (Bergama).
Plateia Petra (Sahin Kaya =Falcon Rock)
Plateia Petra is a big high rock in the Eastern county territory. It hosts some ancient and middle age ruins. This big mass of rock has a very strategic location controlling Akhisar and Pergamum plains, a large part of Lydian territories. The location and castle indicate that the settlement was a defensive sentinel station. Access to Plateia Petra is possible by a tough walk of 3,050 steps ancient stairway carved to the rock.
Lydian Tombs
The man-made tombs along modern Akhisar - Golmarmara road are ancient Lydian graves. These tombs usually have one single grave room.
Similar tombs can also be seen near modern villages of Beyoba, Mecidiye, Suleymanli and Eroglu. There are also some Lydian and Phrygian graves carved in rock.
Ulucami (The Great Mosque)
This ancient building was transformed to a mosque in 1400s. The year of construction is unknown but it is evident that the building was formerly a Roman temple and a Byzantine church. There is even a possibility for the building to be one of the famous Seven Churches of Christianity. The Temple of Hercules Victor, near the Teatro di Marcello in Rome (a Greek-style Roman temple) // Pagan history and architecture Originally in Roman paganism, a templum was not (necessarily) a cultic building but any ritually marked observation site for natural phenomena believed to allow predictions, such as the flight...
Aynali Mosque
Aynali Mosque was almost reconstructed in 1958 due to excessive wear. Some ancient columns and building blocks found in the garden suggest that there was a large building of ancient Thyateira in the area. Mosque garden also hosts the finest samples of the Turkish art of stone carving.
Zeynelzade Library and Hashoca Mosque
The library was constructed in 1798 by Zeynelzade's, a reputable family of Akhisar. The building is located in Hashoca ward, close to Hashoca Mosque. According to records of 1805, there were 923 volumes of manuscripts. A modern library with the same name was constructed in 20th century at another part of the city, serving students and researchers of Akhisar.
Jewish Graveyard
Next to the Resat Bey Cemetery, there is a Jewish Graveyard of about 673 square meters (7200 ft²). Gravestones with Hebrew carvings can be seen.
Jewish Synagogue
Right behind the modern Turkish Telecom Directorate Building there is an historical synagogue. Unfortunately, not much remained except its old gate.
Kayalioglu Jewish School
The School of Agriculture built by Jewish in Kayalioglu town is still in good shape. The building was built in the beginning of 20th century. The 3 story building has been recently abandoned. There are orchards and various trees surrounding the building, once used in practical studies. The basement of the building served as a winery. The building and yard occupies an area of about 2 acres (8,000 m²). Other small buildings accompany the old school building.
External links - http://www.akhisar.com/english
Coordinates: 38°55′N, 27°50′E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...
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