Takfir wal-Hijra (Arabic تكفير والهجرة - Excommunication and Exodus) is a violent Islamic Salafi extremist group who emerged in Egypt in the 1960s. Today Takfir wal-Hijra has members or supporters in several other countries, allied to Al-Qaeda. In Spain the group is also known as Martyrs for Morocco. In Shia terminology, takfir also refers to the practice of crossing the arms when standing upright during salat (or takattuf, called qabd by Sunnis). ... For other uses see Hijra. ... Arabic ( or just ), is the largest member of the family of Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew, Amharic, and Aramaic. ... Islam (Arabic: ; ( â–¶ (help· info)), the submission to God) is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ... This article is on the beliefs of the followers of the Salaf. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ...

Takfirs are radical islamists who are not bound by the usual Islamic religious constraints. They adopt non-Islamic appearances such as shaving their beard and wearing a tie in order to blend into crowds and make themselves hard to detect even to other Muslims. They can drink alcohol and even eat pork to deceive their enemies. They believe that any means justify the end and, that killing other Muslims can be justified in their cause and that Western society is heathen and it is their duty to destroy it.[1] It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Islamism. ... Heathen is a term used both to describe a person who does not follow an organized religion, and also a modern practitioner of Heathenry. ...

Little is known about the current organization or hierarchy of the group. Several groups which adhere to the same ideology have possibly used the name independently of each other.

The meaning of Takfir wal-Hijra

The word Takfir means to judge somebody to be a kafir, based on their behavior ressembeling the behavior of infidels. So Takfir is to claim that the society has deviated from the teachings of Islam, and therefore label society as a kafir society or as an infidel society. Hijra means flight or emigration or leaving, thus if a society is pronounced to be an infidel society, the members of Takfir wal-Hijra see it as their duty to separate from it and conspire and act to destroy and conquer it. In Shia terminology, takfir also refers to the practice of crossing the arms when standing upright during salat (or takattuf, called qabd by Sunnis). ... This article is about an Islamic term. ... For other uses see Hijra. ...

History

Although the group began in the 1960s it did not gain international prominence until 1977. The group was at first seen as a marginalized millenarian sect of little consequence. For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... Millenarianism or millenarism is the belief by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming major transformation of society after which all things will be changed in a positive (or sometimes negative or ambiguous) direction. ...

In 1977 agricultural engineer Shukri Mustafa became the group's leader. He had begun to build the group after release from prison in 1971. He emphasized a complete break from all of Muslim society which he deemed kafir. Members were therefore to live in an alternative community, or even in caves in upper Egypt. Muslims who felt alienated or marginalized in modern Egypt joined this group for a sense of community. A surprising number of women joined, as he offered them a break from their responsibilities as daughters by deeming their families to be kafir. Although within the group, he had tremendous authority by setting himself up as a kind of Mahdi claimant who could arrange marriages and forbid all outside contact. These activities caused lawsuits from the families of women who joined the group. 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

In 1977 the group decided to battle mainstream society by kidnapping a Muslim cleric. After Mustafa was captured and executed in 1978 former members were linked to the assassination of Anwar Sadat. The ideology Mustafa helped formulate became an influence on later Takfiri groups. 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... Muhammad Anwar Al-Sadat (محمد أنورالسادات in Arabic) (December 25, 1918 – October 6, 1981) was an Egyptian politician and served as the third President of Egypt from September 28, 1970 until his assassination on October 6, 1981. ...

Ideology

The group has a fundamentalist Islamic ideology, of which Salafism is the binding factor. Mainstream adherents of Salafism reject the extreme position of the takfiris, denouncing them as a modern day version of the Kharijites. Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the Quran, its principal scripture, whose followers, known as Muslims (مسلم), believe God (Arabic: الله ) sent through revelations to Muhammad. ... This article is on an Islamic movement. ... Kharijites (Arabic خوارج, literally Those who Go Out [1]) is a general term embracing a variety of Islamic sects which, while initially accepting the caliphate of Ali, later rejected him. ...

Takfir wal-Hijra takes fundamentalism a step further than most Islamic fundamentalist groups. It advocates armed battle against Jews, Christians and apostate Muslims to restore the unity of the Islamic world order (ummah). The ummah is to be led by a Caliph, who rules according to the Sharia. Although they are Sunnis, the group's warriors are allowed to practice something akin to the Shi'a Islam notion of taqiyya. This means they can disguise their true principles for protection of their own faith. This allows them to blend in with Western society and also to disobey all rules of their form of Islam for the goal of destroying Western civilisation from within, a form of antinomianism. According to this ideology, the warriors will be martyrs in Paradise after death. // In comparative religion, fundamentalism has come to refer to several different understandings of religious thought and practice, through literal interpretation of religious texts such as the Bible or the Quran and sometimes also anti-modernist movements in various religions. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Christianity. ... Apostasy (Greek απο, apo, away, apart, στασις, stasis, standing) is the formal renunciation of ones religion. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish: Müslüman, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ... Umma (Arabic: ‎) is an Arabic word meaning community or nation. ... Caliph is the title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... Sharia ( translit: ) refers to the body of Islamic law. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Shia Islam, also Shiite Islam, or Shiism (Arabic:شيعة, Persian:شیعه translit: ) is a denomination of the Islamic faith. ... In Shia Islamic tradition, Taqiyya (التقية) is the dissimulation of one’s religious beliefs when one fears for ones life, the lives of ones family members, or for the preservation of the faith. ... The term Western World or the West can have multiple meanings depending on its context. ... Antinomianism (from the Greek αντι, against + νομος, law), or lawlessness (in the Greek Bible: ανομια), in theology, is the idea that members of a particular religious group are under no obligation to obey the laws of ethics or morality as presented by religious authorities. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Heaven is an afterlife concept found in many religions or spiritual philosophies. ...

Takfir wal-Hijra's ideology is so extreme that in 1996 the group plotted to assassinate Osama bin Laden, supposedly for being insufficiently radical. Many also considered the Taliban movement in Afghanistan to be unbelievers. 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... Jack Ruby murdered the assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, in a very public manner. ... Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: ‎; born March 10, 1957 [1]), most commonly known as Osama bin Laden is a militant Islamist and one of the founders of al-Qaeda. ... Flag flown by the Taliban. ...

Activities

• Takfir wal-Hijra is connected with hit-and-run attacks in Algeria.
• In Sudan in 2000 an alleged member opened fire on a peaceful mosque killing 20.^[1] In Sudan in 2003 members of the group allegedly wrote a death-list containing the names of prominent local politicians and journalists.
• In the autumn of 2004 in Spain a terrorist network was uncovered with suspected links to Takfir wal-Hijra. It had been planning to blow up a Court of Law. It is also alleged that the Madrid bombers had Takfir wal-Hijra connections

This article is about the year 2000. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The 2004 Madrid train bombings (also known as 11-M, 3/11, 11/3 and M-11) were a series of coordinated bombings against the commuter train system of Madrid, Spain on the morning of 11 March 2004, which killed 191 people and wounded over 1700. ...

Alleged members and supporters

Shukri Mustafa was an agricultural engineer who would rise to lead Takfir wal-Hijra. ... Abu Muhammad Asem al-Maqdisi (Isam Mohammad Taher al-Barqawi) is a Jordanian-Palestinian scholar who was the spiritual mentor for Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the current head of al-Qaeda in Iraq. ... Caliph is the title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... Mohammed Atta is a name commonly used to refer to the following individuals: Mohamed Atta al Sayed was the Al-Qaeda suicide pilot of the first plane to crash into the World Trade Center during the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. ... The date that commonly refers to the attacks on United States citizens on September 11, 2001 (see the September 11, 2001 Attacks). ... Group photo of Ayman Al Zawahiri, Usama Bin Laden & Abu Hafs Prosecution Trial Exhibit from the trial of Zacarias Moussaoui Sheikh Ayman al-Zawahiri (Arabic: ‎) (born June 19, 1951) is a prominent member of the al-Qaeda group, a physician, author, poet, and formerly the head of the militant organization... Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ... Youssef Hmimssa is a citize of Morocco, who was convicted in a Detroit court of fraud and who was a key witness in the case against the Detroit Sleeper Cell. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and make it easier to understand, this article or section may require cleanup. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and make it easier to understand, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Mohammed Bouyeri Mohammed Bouyeri (b. ... Jack Ruby murdered the assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, in a very public manner. ... The film director, on the right, gives last minute direction to the cast and crew, whilst filming a costume drama on location in London. ... Theo van Gogh (IPA pronunciation: ) (July 23, 1957 – November 2, 2004) was a Dutch film director, television producer, publicist and actor. ... The Hofstad Network (in Dutch: Hofstadnetwerk or Hofstadgroep) is a suspected Islamist terrorist cell of mostly young Dutch Muslims of mainly North African ancestry. ... Mohammed Bouyeri Mohammed Bouyeri (b. ...

International Opposition

Takfir wal-Hajra has been designated a terrorist organisation by the EU.^[6]

See also

• Sixth pillar of Islam

The term Sixth pillar of Islam refers to an addition to the Five Pillars of Islam; the five pillars of Islam explain the basic tenets of the Muslim faith. ...

References

1. ^ The Salafist Movement, Frontline (PBS)
2. ^ ^{a b c d e} USA v. Karim Kobrouti et al. (page 4 of the .pdf), Findlaw
3. ^ documents (.pdf) from Sa'ad Madhi Sa'ad Ha Wash Al-Azmi's Combatant Status Review Tribunal
4. ^ documents (.pdf) from Adil Zamil Abdull Mohssin Al Zamil's Combatant Status Review Tribunal
5. ^ Murder for the sake of Allah- Blasphemy vs.Jihad in Holland, Militant Islam Monitor
6. ^ implementing Article 2(3) of Regulation (EC) No 2580/2001 on specific restrictive measures directed against certain persons and entities with a view to combating terrorism and repealing Decision 2005/848/EC (.pdf), Official Journal of the European Union, December 23, 2005

(Sources: NRC; Planet News; Politics.be) FRONTLINE is a public affairs television program of varying length produced at WGBH in Boston, Massachusetts, and distributed through the Public Broadcasting Service network in the United States. ... FindLaw. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and make it easier to understand, this article or section may require cleanup. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and make it easier to understand, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Official Journal of the European Union is the gazette of record for the European Union. ... December 23 is the 357th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (358th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...