Jama'at al-Tawhid wal Jihad members with Shosei Koda and with the banner in the background

Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (Arabic: جماعة التوحيد والجهاد, Monotheism and Holy War Movement) is the Islamist terrorist network of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, a Jordanian-born Islamist terrorist believed operating against United States-led coalition forces in Iraq. The group's name, which is usually abbreviated as JTJ, purposefully contrasts the strict monotheism of Islam with the supposed "polytheism" of the Christian Trinity. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Shosei Koda Shosei Koda (香田証生 Kōda Shōsei, November 29, 1979–November 3, 2004?) was a Japanese citizen who was kidnapped and later beheaded in Iraq of November 3, 2004 while touring the country. ... Tawhid (توحيد), meaning declaring God one, is the Islamic concept of monotheism. ... Jihad (ǧihād جهاد) is an Islamic term, from the Arabic root ǧhd (to exert utmost effort, to strive, struggle), which connotes a wide range of meanings: anything from an inward spiritual struggle to attain perfect faith to a political or military struggle to further the Islamic cause. ... Arabic (العربية al-arabiyyah, or less formally arabi) is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... Islamism is a political ideology derived from the conservative religious views of Muslim fundamentalism. ... Look up terrorist in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in one of eight photos from Rewards for Justice, all undated. ... Look up terrorist in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Monotheism (in Greek monon = single and Theos = God) is the belief in a single, universal, all-encompassing deity. ...   Islam? (Arabic: الإسلام al-islām) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions, and the worlds second largest religion. ... Polytheism is belief in, or worship of, multiple gods or divinities. ... Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament writings of his early followers. ... The Trinity is God, according to the teaching of the churches which represent the majority of Christians. ...

In October, 2004 the group changed its name to Al-Qaeda in Iraq. Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ...

Origins

JTJ was started by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, a Jordanian and veteran of the Soviet-Afghan War, during the late 1990s at an Islamic militant training camp near Herat in Afghanistan. Zarqawi started the network originally with a focus on overthrowing the Jordanian government, which he considered made up of "hypocrites" and un-Islamic. Zarqawi comes from a school of militant Sunni Islamist and Wahhabi thought, which advocates a return to the laws and practices of the Muslim community immediately following the death of the Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century. JTJ likely had loose affiliation with al-Qaeda, but is a separate organization that is to a degree competitive. Eventually, Zarqawi developed a large number of contacts and affiliates in several countries. His network may have been involved in the late 1999 plot to bomb the Millennium celebrations in the U.S and Jordan. Following the U.S-led invasion of Afghanistan, it is believed that Zarqawi moved westward into Iraq, where he may have received medical treatment in Baghdad for an injured leg. It is believed that he developed extensive ties in Iraq with Ansar al-Islam, a Kurdish Islamist militant group that was based in the extreme northeast of the country. Following the U.S-led invasion of Iraq, JTJ was developed as a terrorist network composed of foreign fighters, remnants of Ansar al-Islam, and indigenous Sunni extremists to resist the coalition occupation forces and their Iraqi allies. The group's spiritual advisor is Abu Anas al-Shami. Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in one of eight photos from Rewards for Justice, all undated. ... The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was a 10-year war which wreaked incredible havoc and destruction on Afghanistan. ... // Events and trends The 1990s are generally classified as having moved slightly away from the more conservative 1980s, but otherwise retaining the same mindset. ... Herāt (Persian هرات) is a city in western Afghanistan, in the valley of the Hari Rud river in the province also known as Herat, and was traditionally known for wine. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Islamism is a political ideology derived from the conservative religious views of Muslim fundamentalism. ... Wahhabism (sometimes spelled Wahabbism or Wahabism) is a movement of Islam named after Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab (1703–1792). ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم) is an adherent of Islam. ... Muhammad is a common Muslim male name. ... // Events Islam starts in Arabia, the Quran is written, and Syria, Iraq, Persia, North Africa and Central Asia convert to Islam. ... Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ... 1999 is a common year starting on Friday Anno Domini (or the Current Era), and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... The United States invasion of Afghanistan (codenamed Operation Enduring Freedom) occurred in October 2001, in the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks on the U.S., marking the beginning of its War on Terrorism campaign. ... Wikinews has news related to this article: Several hundred killed after stampede in Baghdad A street map of Baghdad Average temperature (red) and precipitations (blue) in Baghdad For other meanings see Baghdad (disambiguation) Baghdad (Arabic: ) is the capital of Iraq and the Baghdad Province. ... Ansar al-Islam (Arabic: انصار الاسلام, Supporters or Partisans of Islam) is an Islamist group, promoting a radical interpretation of Islam and holy war. ... Kurds are one of the Iranian peoples and speak Kurdish, a north-Western Iranian language related to Persian. ... The 2003 invasion of Iraq was the first military act of the Iraq War, and was launched by the United States and the United Kingdom on March 20, 2003, with support from some other governments, making up what was described as the coalition of the willing. After about three weeks... Abu Anas al-Shami was known as Omar Yusef Jumaa prior to joining Iraq. ...

Goals

The goals of Zarqawi's network have shifted considerably over the years. Originally with a localized goal of overthrowing the Jordanian government, the organization gradually became more globalized and, following the fall of Baghdad to American forces, Iraq clearly became the main focus. The stated goals of JTJ are to force a withdrawal of U.S-led forces from Iraq, topple the Iraqi interim government and assassinate collaborators with the "occupation," marginalize the Shiite Muslim population and defeat its militias, and to subsequently establish a pure Islamic state. Presumably, if and when those goals are achieved, the global jihad would continue to establish a pan-Islamic state and remove Western influence from the Muslim world. This article deals with the post-invasion period in Iraq and its occupation. ... Shi‘as (the adjective in Arabic is شيعى shi‘i; English has traditionally used Shiite) which mean follower in Arabic make up the second largest sect of believers in Islam, constituting about 30%-35% of all Muslim. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم) is an adherent of Islam. ...

Tactics

The earlier banner of Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad, which is seen in several beheading videos

JTJ differs from other Iraqi insurgent groups considerably in its tactics. Rather than just using conventional weapons and guerilla tactics, it has relied heavily on using terrorist attacks, including suicide bombings, mostly with vehicles, targeting a wide variety of groups but most especially Iraqi security forces and those facilitating the occupation. U.S and coalition forces, the United Nations, foreign civilians, humanitarian organizations, Shiite and Kurdish political and religious figures, Iraqi police and security forces, and Iraqi interim officials have also been targeted. Zarqawi's terrorists have been known to use a wide variety of other tactics, however, including targeted assassinations, kidnappings and beheadings, the planting of improvised explosive devices, mortar attacks, and in beginning in a late June offensive urban guerilla-style attacks using rocket-propelled grenades and small arms. Image File history File links Flag of Al-Tawhid Wal-Jihad, from Jack Hensley beheading video File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Flag of Al-Tawhid Wal-Jihad, from Jack Hensley beheading video File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... For other meanings of the term banner, see banner (disambiguation). ... Iraqi militants celebrating orders that the surrounding Coalition forces were given to stand-down. ... The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization established 14 September 1945 and now made up of 191 member states, which includes virtually all internationally recognized independent countries. ... Humanitarianism is the view that all people should be treated with the respect and dignity they deserve as human beings, and that advancing the well-being of humanity is a noble goal. ... Look up terrorist in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... assassin, see Assassin (disambiguation) Jack Ruby assassinated Lee Harvey Oswald in a very public manner. ... Beheading. ... June is the sixth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four with the length of 30 days. ... A rocket propelled grenade (RPG) is a man-portable, shoulder-launched weapon capable of firing an explosive device longer distances than an otherwise unassisted soldier could throw. ...

For months, it appeared as though two separate wars were being conducted in Iraq. One was a terrorist campaign, largely conducted by foreign jihadis, of high-profile suicide bombings, assassinations, and kidnappings. The other was a guerilla war being conducted by nationalists, indigenous Sunni Islamists, and disenfranchised former Ba'ath Party members against American troops. Recently, as Zarqawi's network has taken root and grown in Iraq and as the insurgents have become more radicalized and religiously motivated, the distinction between the two has reduced. The June 24 offensive, which combined terrorist, guerrilla, and conventional tactics and in which a number of groups operating under the Zarqawi umbrella participated, was the clearest indication of this shift. Terrorists in this group also have been known to operate with other insurgents in Samarra, where they openly patrolled, enforcing Sharia law and distributing audiotapes of the Qur'an before a U.S-led offensive on the city in the beginning of October. Jihad (ǧihād جهاد) is an Islamic term, from the Arabic root ǧhd (to exert utmost effort, to strive, struggle), which connotes a wide range of meanings: anything from an inward spiritual struggle to attain perfect faith to a political or military struggle to further the Islamic cause. ... Nationalism is an ideology that creates and sustains a nation as a concept of a common identity for groups of humans. ... Baath Party flag The Baath Parties (also spelled Baath or Bath; Arabic: اﻟﺒﻌﺚ) comprise political parties representing the political face of the Baath movement. ... June 24 is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 190 days remaining. ... The two Shiite mosques in Samarra A soldier descends a Minaret in Samarra, Iraq. ... Sharia (Arabic: ; also Sharīah, Sharia, Shariah or Syariah) is the Arabic word for Islamic law, also known as the Law of Allah. ... The Quran (Arabic: al-qurān literally the recitation; also called Al Qurān Al Karīm or The Noble Quran; or transliterated Quran, Koran, and less commonly Alcoran) is the holy book of Islam. ... October is the tenth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ...

List of attacks

The following is a list of some of the attacks believed to have been perpetrated by Zarqawi's network (some info from the Associated Press):

• Aug. 7, 2003: A truck bombing of the Jordanian embassy, which killed 19.

• Aug. 19: A truck bombing of UN Headquarters in Baghdad that killed 22, including top U.N. envoy Sergio Vieira de Mello.

• Aug. 29: A car bomb in Najaf that killed more than 85, including Mohammad Baqr al-Hakim, the leader the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq.

• Oct. 27: Four car bombings at Baghdad police stations and the Red Cross headquarters killed 35 and wounded 220.

• Nov. 12: A suicide truck bombing at the headquarters of Italy's paramilitary police in Nasiriyah that killed more than 30.

• Dec. 27: An attack on coalition bases and governor's office in Karbala that killed 19.

• Jan. 18, 2004: A car bombing at the gates of the Green Zone which killed 31.

• Jan 28: A car bombing in front of Baghdad's Shaheen Hotel that killed four people.

• Feb. 10 & 11: Two car bombs at a police station and recruiting center killed 100.

• Feb. 18: A truck bombing outside a Polish-run base in al-Hillah that killed at least 10 people.

• March 17: A car bomb detonated outside Baghdad's Mount Lebanon hotel, killing seven people. On April 6, a Web site linked to Kurdish group Ansar al-Islam carries audiotape from a speaker who identified himself as al-Zarqawi and claimed responsibility for the bombing.

• April 21: Bombings in Basra killed 74.

• April 24: Suicide bombers in boats ram oil pumping stations in the Gulf. Three U.S. service people are killed in the attack, which cost Iraq some $40 million in lost revenues. Al-Zarqawi's group claims responsibility for the attack.

• May 2: The group claims responsibility for a mortar attack that killed six marines in the Ramadi area.

• May 6: A suicide bomber detonates his car at the edge of the heavily guarded Green Zone that houses the U.S. headquarters. The blast kills five Iraqi civilians and a U.S. soldier.

• May 11: Kidnapped American businessman Nicholas Berg is beheaded while videotaped, and voice of knife-wielder is identified as al-Zarqawi's.

• May 18: A car bomb assassinates Iraqi Governing Council president Abdel-Zahraa Othman, better known as Izzadine Saleem.

• May 22: A suicide car bomb wounds Iraqi Deputy Interior Minister Abdul-Jabbar Youssef and kills at least four others.

• June 5: An ambush along the Baghdad airport road kills two Americans and two Poles working for Blackwater USA, a security company.

• June 6: Twin car bombings kill nine outside a former Iraqi Air Force base used by the U.S. Army just north of Baghdad. A Web site posting allegedly from Al-Zarqawi's group claims responsibility.

• June 14: A car-bomb attack on a vehicle convoy in Baghdad kills 13 people, including three General Electric employees. A Web site posting purportedly written by the "military wing of Monotheism and Jihad," also believed to be led by al-Zarqawi, claims responsibility.

• June 22: Kidnappers behead South Korean hostage Kim Sun-il, who was last shown alive with his captors in a videotape on Arab satellite TV channel Al-Jazeera. Al-Jazeera says the execution was carried out by Monotheism and Jihad, a group believed to be led by al-Zarqawi.

• June 24: Coordinated insurgent attacks on Iraqi police and government buildings in Mosul, Baquba, Ramadi, Fallujah, and Baghdad kill roughly 100 people, including 3 U.S soldiers, and wound several hundred more. JTJ is suspected of playing a major role, and many guerillas participating in the attacks wore headbands with the group's name.

• July 8: Militants linked with Zarqawi decapitated Georgi Lazov, 30, and Ivaylo Kepov, 32, Bulgarian truck drivers.

• September 16: Americans Jack Hensley and Eugene Armstrong and Briton Kenneth Bigley were kidnapped from their Baghdad home. The JTJ threatened to behead them in 48 hours unless Iraqi women are released from Umm Qasr and Abu Ghraib prisons. On September 20, the group published a video showing the decapitation of Eugene Armstrong. U.S. Officials say that his body has been found and identified. On September 21, Hensley is beheaded as well.

• October 8: Kenneth Bigley is beheaded.

• October 15: Bombers in the Green Zone kill six people, including 4 American civilians, in the first serious penetration of that area.

• November 3: Shosei Koda is beheaded.

• December 19: Car bombs in Karbala and Najaf kill 60 people.

• Jan. 30, 2005: About 40 people are killed in attacks during the Iraqi legislative election.

• Feb. 28: A car bomb killed 125 people outside a clinic in Hillah in the deadliest single insurgent attack.

• May 2005: A series of attacks throughout May following the April 28 formation of the National Assembly kills upwards of eight hundred. Many of these attacks are credited by the al-Tawhid.

2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Canal Hotel Bombing in Baghdad, Iraq, in the afternoon of August 19, 2003, killed at least 22 people and wounded over 100. ... Sérgio Vieira de Mello Sérgio Vieira de Mello (March 15, 1948 - August 19, 2003) was a Brazilian diplomat who worked for the United Nations (UN) for over 30 years, earning respect and praise around the world for his efforts in the sometimes amorphous humanitarian programs of the UN... Najaf (Arabic: ) is a city in Iraq, about 160 km south of Baghdad, located at 31. ... Ayatollah Sayed Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim (1939 - August 29, 2003) was the foremost Shia Muslim leader in Iraq until his assassination in a bombing that killed him along with nearly 100 worshippers as they were leaving a mosque in Najaf at which he had led prayers. ... The Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI) is an Iraqi political party; its support comes from the countrys Shia Muslim community and from their fellow religionists in neighbouring Iran. ... The Anarchist Black Cross was originally called the Anarchist Red Cross. The band Redd Kross was originally called Red Cross. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Nāşirīyah (also transliterated as Nassiriya or Nasiriya; in Arabic ناصرية, al-Nasiriyah or an-Nasiriyah) is a city in Iraq. ... Karbalā (Arabic: ; also transliterated as Kerbala or Kerbela) is a city in Iraq, located about 100 km southwest of Baghdad at 32. ... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Green Zone is a 10 km² (4 mile²) area in central Baghdad that is the main base for coalition officials in Iraq. ... Al Hillah is a city in central Iraq on the river Euphrates, 100 km (62 miles) south of Baghdad, with an estimated population of 364,700 in 1998. ... Mount Lebanon is the mountain range that extends across the whole country of Lebanon about 160 km (100 mi) parallel to the Mediterranean coast and rising to 3,090 m (10,131 ft). ... On 21 April 2004, a series of large bomb explosions ripped through Basra, Iraq. ... Ramădī (الرمادي) is a city in central Iraq, about 100 kilometers west of Baghdad. ... The Green Zone is a 10 km² (4 mile²) area in central Baghdad that is the main base for coalition officials in Iraq. ... ... Ezzedine Salim, Arabic عزالدين سليم, also known as Abdelzahra Othman Mohammed (1943 - 17 May 2004), was an Iraqi politician. ... Blackwater USA is a private military contractor and security firm, describing itself as providing support to military, government agencies, law enforcement and civilian entities in training, targets and range operations. ... Symbol of the IQAF // History Founded on April 22, 1931, the Iraqi Air Force or IQAF was originally comprised of five pilots (Aeronautics students who had studied at Cranol College in Britain), and 32 Aircraft Mechanics. ... National motto: 널리 인간을 이롭게 하라 Translation: Bring benefit to all people Official language Korean Capital Seoul Largest city Seoul President Roh Moo-hyun Prime Minister Lee Hae-chan Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 107th 99,274 km² 0. ... Kim Sun-il (September 13, 1970 – June 22, 2004) was a South Korean translator working in Iraq for Gana General Trading Company, a South Korean company under contract to the U.S. military. ... Al Jazeera (Arabic: ), meaning The Island or The (Arabian) Peninsula is an Arabic television channel based in Qatar. ... MosÅ«l (36°22′ N 43°07′ E Arabic: al-Mawsil), Kurdish: Mûsil, or Nineveh (Assyrian: ܢܝܢܘܐ, Ninewa) is a city in northern Iraq/Central Assyria. ... Baquba (بعقوبه; also transliterated as Baqubah and Baqouba) is the capital of Iraqs Diyala province. ... Ramădī (الرمادي) is a city in central Iraq, about 100 kilometers west of Baghdad. ... Fallujah (Arabic: الفلوجة; sometimes transliterated as Falluja and less commonly Fallouja, Falloujah, Faloojah, Faloojeh) is a city with a pre-war population of about 350,000 inhabitants in the Iraqi province of Al Anbar, located roughly 69km (43 miles) west of Baghdad on the Euphrates. ... Categories: Stub | 1955 births | 2004 deaths ... Eugene Armstrong, in orange, seated, before his decapitation by the five men standing over him. ... Kenneth Bigley and his wife Sombat at their wedding in 1998 Kenneth John Bigley (1942 – October 7, 2004), was a civil engineer from Liverpool, England, who was kidnapped in the al-Mansour district of Baghdad, Iraq on September 16, 2004, along with Jack Hensley and Eugene Armstrong, both U.S... Cranes at Umm Qasr await cargo. ... Map of Iraq highlighting Abu Ghraib The city of Abu Ghraib (أبو غريب in Arabic) in Iraq is located 20 km (12 miles) west of Baghdad just north of the Baghdad International Airport. ... September 20 is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years). ... September 21 is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years). ... The Green Zone is a 10 km² (4 mile²) area in central Baghdad that is the main base for coalition officials in Iraq. ... Shosei Koda Shosei Koda (香田証生 Kōda Shōsei, November 29, 1979–November 3, 2004?) was a Japanese citizen who was kidnapped and later beheaded in Iraq of November 3, 2004 while touring the country. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Iraqi police officers hold up their index fingers marked with purple indelible ink, a security measure to prevent double voting. ... April 28 is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 247 days remaining. ... The Iraqi National Assembly is the unicameral parliament of Iraq which meets in the Iraqi capital, Baghdad. ...

U.S Campaign against Zarqawi's Forces

The American effort against Zarqawi's network remained largely stagnant due to a lack of credible intelligence. Protecting "soft targets" against bombings conducted by an elusive force is a nearly impossible task. In late June, U.S. forces began a campaign of missile strikes against suspected JTJ safehouses in Fallujah, a stronghold of insurgents and radical clerics and the supposed focus of Zarqawi's terrorist network. In April 2004, U.S. Marines invaded Fallujah killing several hundred militiamen and civilian residents of the city before withdrawing. Between June 18 and June 25, over 60 people were killed in three separate air raids conducted by the U.S military in Fallujah. Civilians and officials in Fallujah charged that civilian targets were hit. Zarqawi himself was said to have narrowly escaped the June 25th attack, although there have been conflicting reports as to whether he is within Fallujah. Iraqi civilians, militiamen, policemen, and members of the Iraqi and U.S. military have suffered several hundred deaths and injuries in subsequent months during a an escalating series of duels between anti-coalition terrorists employing car bombs and U.S. forces employing airstrikes. The Euphrates River region between Baghdad and Ramadi is the focus of the search for Zarqawi and his followers. June is the sixth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four with the length of 30 days. ... Fallujah (Arabic: الفلوجة; sometimes transliterated as Falluja and less commonly Fallouja, Falloujah, Faloojah, Faloojeh) is a city with a pre-war population of about 350,000 inhabitants in the Iraqi province of Al Anbar, located roughly 69km (43 miles) west of Baghdad on the Euphrates. ... 2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December Deaths in April • 18 Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara • 19 Norris McWhirter • 22 Pat Tillman • 24 Estée Lauder Other recent deaths Ongoing events EU Enlargement Exploration of Mars: Rovers Haiti Rebellion Reconstruction of Iraq – Occupation & Resistance Israeli... June 18 is the 169th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (170th in leap years), with 196 days remaining. ... June 25 is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 189 days remaining. ... June 25 is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 189 days remaining. ... The Euphrates (the traditional Greek name for the river, which is in Old Persian Ufrat, Aramaic Prâth/Frot, in Arabic الفرات, in Turkish Fırat and in ancient Assyrian language Pu-rat-tu) is the westernmost of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia (Bethnahrin in Aramaic), the other being the... Ramădī (الرمادي) is a city in central Iraq, about 100 kilometers west of Baghdad. ...

On October 15, 2004, the U.S. State Department announced its designation of JTJ as a Foreign Terrorist Organization and a Specially Designated Global Terrorist under Executive Order 13224. Press release. The United States Department of State, often referred to as the State Department, is the Cabinet-level foreign affairs agency of the United States government, equivalent to foreign ministries in other countries. ... Foreign Terrorist Organizations are foreign organizations that are designated as terrorist by the United States Secretary of State in accordance with section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), as amended. ... Executive Order 13224 was signed into law by George Walker Bush on September 23rd, 2001 as a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks. ...

References

• The World's Most Dangerous Terrorist
• Purported Zarqawi letter released by the Coalition Provisional Authority
• JTJ reportedly pledges allegiance to bin Laden