Alain de Benoist (born 11 December 1943) is a French academic, founder of the Nouvelle Droite (English: New Right) and head of the French think tank GRECE. December 11 is the 345th day (346th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Nouvelle Droite (English: New Right) is a school of political thought founded largely on the works of Alain de Benoist and GRECE. Although most popular and well known in France, Nouvelle Droite has been very influential in other European right-wing movements. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The Groupement de recherche et détudes sur la culture européenne (Study and research group reagrding European Culture), also knowns as GRECE (French for Greece) is a far-right think-tank, founded in 1969 by the journalist and writer Alain de Benoist. ...

Benoist is little known outside his native France but his writings have been highly influential on anti-globalist thought, primarily on the political right, with groups such as the National Bolsheviks. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Flag of the National Bolsheviks. ...

Biography

Alain de Benoist was born in Saint-Symphorien and attended the Sorbonne. He has studied law, philosophy, sociology, and the history of religions. He is an admirer of Europe and paganism. Saint-Symphorien is the name or part of the name of several communes in France: Saint-Symphorien, in the Cher département Saint-Symphorien, in the Eure département Saint-Symphorien, in the Gironde département Saint-Symphorien, in the Lozère département Saint-Symphorien, in the Sarthe d... The Sorbonne, Paris, in a 17th century engraving The historic University of Paris (French: Université de Paris) first appeared in the second half of the 12th century, but was in 1970 reorganized as 13 autonomous universities (University of Paris I–XIII). ... Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning a country dweller or civilian) is a blanket term which has come to connote a broad set of spiritual or religious beliefs and practices of natural or polytheistic religions, as opposed to the Abrahamic monotheistic religions. ...

Benoist is the editor of two journals: Nouvelle Ecole (since 1968) and Krisis (since 1988). His writings have appeared in Mankind Quarterly, The Scorpion, Tyr, Chronicles, and various newspapers such as Le Figaro. The New Left journal Telos has also published some of Benoist's work, which led to protests from some scholars on the editorial board. The Mankind Quarterly is a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to physical anthropology and cultural anthropology and associated with the Pioneer Fund. ... Tyr: Myth, Culture, Tradition is the name of an esoteric, traditionalist journal, edited by Michael Moynihan, Joshua Buckley, and Colin Cleary. ... Chronicles is a U.S. monthly magazine published by the paleoconservative Rockford Institute. ... Le Figaro is one of the leading French morning daily newspapers. ... The New Left is a term used in political discourse to refer to radical left-wing movements from the 1960s onwards. ... Telos was founded in May 1968 to provide the New Left with a coherent theoretical perspective. ...

In 1978, he received the Grand Prix de l’Essai from the Académie Française for his book Vu de droite: Anthologie critique des idées contemporaines (Copernic, 1977). He has published more than 50 books, including On Being a Pagan (Ultra, 2005, ISBN 0-9720292-2-2). The Académie française, or French Academy, is the pre-eminent French learned body on matters pertaining to the French language. ... Ultra (sometimes capitalized ULTRA) was the name used by the British for intelligence resulting from decryption of German communications in World War II. The term eventually became the standard designation in both Britain and the United States for all intelligence from high-level cryptanalytic sources. ...

Ideology and views

Alain de Benoist was previously associated with different right wing persons linked with the Algerian independence war. From being close to fascist French movements at the beginning of his writings in 1970, he moved to attacks on globalisation, unrestricted mass immigration and liberalism as being ultimately fatal to the existence of Europe through their divisiveness and internal faults. Against the liberal melting-pot of the USA, he is in favour of a separation of civilisations/cultures. Combatants FLN (1954-62) MNA (1954-62) France (1954-62) FAF (1960-61) OAS (1961-62) Commanders Messali Hadj Ferhat Abbas Ahmed Ben Bella Pierre Mendès-France General Jacques Massu General Maurice Challe Charles de Gaulle Bachaga Said Boualam Commander Pierre Lagaillarde General Raoul Salan Strength 40,000 400... Globalization is a term used to describe the changes in societies and the world economy that are the result of dramatically increased trade and cultural exchange. ... Liberalism is an ideology, philosophical view, and political tradition which holds that liberty is the primary political value. ... Alternate meaning: crucible (science) The melting pot is a metaphor for the way in which homogenous societies develop, in which the ingredients in the pot (people of different cultures and religions) are combined so as to lose their discrete identities and yield a final product of uniform consistency and flavor...

Benoist has said that he hopes to see free-debate and greater popular participation in democracy. He also believes in a federal Europe, in which the nation state is surpassed, giving way to regional identities and a common continental one at once. A nation-state is a specific form of state (a political entity), which exists to provide a sovereign territory for a particular nation (a cultural entity), and which derives its legitimacy from that function. ...

He considers himself, however, neither left nor right-wing, and has recently tried to appear less radical: in his preference for Heidegger over his first influence, Nietzsche; his support of multiculturalism rather than disappearance of immigrants' identities (though he does not support immigration itself); his interest in ecology; and a less aggressive view of Christianity. Martin Heidegger Martin Heidegger (September 26, 1889 – May 26, 1976) was a German philosopher. ... Friedrich Nietzsche, 1882 Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15, 1844 - August 25, 1900) was a highly influential German philosopher. ... Multiculturalism is an ideology advocating that society should consist of, or at least allow and include, distinct cultural groups, with equal status. ... Ernst Haeckel coined the term oekologie in 1866. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on Jesus of Nazareth, and on his life, death, resurrection, and teachings as presented in the New Testament. ...

His critics, such as Thomas Sheehan, argue that Benoist has developed a novel restatement of fascism. Roger Griffin, using an ideal type definition of fascism which includes "populist ultra-nationalism" and "palingenesis" (heroic rebirth), argues that the Nouvelle Droite draws on such "fascist" ideologues as Armin Mohler and Julius Evola in a way that allows ND ideologues such as de Benoist to claim a "metapolitical" stance, but which nonetheless has residual "fascistic" ideological elements.^[1]. Ideal type, also known as pure type, or idealtyp (in the original German), is a typological term invented by sociologist Max Weber (1864-1920). ... Fascism is a radical political ideology that combines elements of corporatism, authoritarianism, nationalism, militarism, anti-anarchism, anti-communism and anti-liberalism. ... Nouvelle Droite (English: New Right) is a school of political thought founded largely on the works of Alain de Benoist and GRECE. Although most popular and well known in France, Nouvelle Droite has been very influential in other European right-wing movements. ... Julius Evola born Giulio Cesare Andrea Evola, aka Baron Evola (May 19, 1898-June 11, 1974), was a controversial Italian esotericist and occult author, who wrote prolifically on matters political, philosophical, historical, racial, and religious from a Traditionalist School point of view. ...

References

1. ^ Griffin, Roger (2000). "Between metapolitics and apoliteia: the Nouvelle Droite's strategy for conserving the fascist vision in the 'interregnum'". Modern & Contemporary France 8 (1): 35-53. DOI:10.1080/096394800113349.

• Fascism edited by Roger Griffin, pp. 346-348.
• The Beast Reawakens by Martin A. Lee, pp. 208-213.
• Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 edited by Philip Rees, pp. 29-30.
• Thomas Sheehan, "Myth and Violence: The Fascism of Julius Evola and Alain de Benoist," in Social Research, issue "On Violence: Paradoxes and Antinomies", Volume 48, No. 1 (Spring 1981). Arien Mack, Editor; Franco Ferrarotti, Guest Editor.

^{[Quote from source requested on talk page to verify interpretation of source]} A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a permanent identifier (permalink) given to a World Wide Web file or other Internet document so that if its Internet address changes, users will be redirected to its new address. ... Fascism is a 1995 book edited by Roger Griffin. ... Roger Griffin is a British academic at Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, England whose theory on fascism determines that it is palingenetic ultra-nationalism with concepts and acts of national rebirth being the its defining feature. ... The Beast Reawakens is a book by investigative journalist Martin A. Lee. ... Martin A. Lee is an author and activist who has written extensively on far-right movements, terrorism, media issues and drug politics. ... Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 is a reference book edited by Philip Rees. ... Philip Rees is an writer and Librarian in charge of acquisitions at the J. B. Morrell Library, University of York. ... Social research refers to research conducted by social scientists (primarily within sociology, but also within other disciplines such as social policy, human geography, social anthropology and education). ...

Further reading

• Martin A. Lee, The Beast Reawakens, Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1997, pp. 208-215, 288, 318-320, 368-369.
• Jonathan Marcus, The National Front and French Politics, New York: New York University Press, 1995, pp. 22-4, 151.

Martin A. Lee is an author and activist who has written extensively on far-right movements, terrorism, media issues and drug politics. ... The Beast Reawakens is a book by investigative journalist Martin A. Lee. ...

External links

• The Alain De Benoist Collection
• Three Interviews With Alain de Benoist
• Archive of articles, many by or about Benoist
• Les Amis d'Alain de Benoist
• Un ancien dirigeant de l’extrême droite représente la presse française by Pascal Dillane