PPSh flag

The Albanian Party of Labour, Partia e Punës e Shqipërisë, PPSh in Albanian, was the sole legal political party in Albania during communist rule (1946-1991). It was founded on November 8, 1941 as the Communist Party of Albania (Partia Komuniste e Shqipërisë), but its name was changed in 1948. Image File history File links Aplppsh. ... Image File history File links Aplppsh. ... A single-party state or one-party system or single-party system is a type of party system and form of government where only a single political party dominates the government and no opposition parties are allowed. ... A political party is an organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. ... Communism - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 53 days remaining. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1941 calendar). ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ...

The ideology of the PPSh was Marxism-Leninism. The party organization was built up following democratic centralist principles, with Enver Hoxha as its First Secretary. Article 3 of Albania's 1976 Constitution identified the Party as the "leading political force of the state and of the society." Vladimir Lenin in 1920 Leninism is a political and economic theory which builds upon Marxism; it is a branch of Marxism (and it has been the dominant branch of Marxism in the world since the 1920s). ... In Liberalism, Democratic centralism is a political philosophy that forms the basis of building a democratic unitary state, as opposed to a democratic federal state. ... Enver Hoxha, (IPA , October 16, 1908–April 11, 1985) was the paramount leader of Albania from the end of World War II until his death in 1985, as the First Secretary of the Communist Albanian Party of Labour. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1976 calendar). ...

The highest organ of the Party, according to the Party statutes, was the Party Congress, which met for a few days every five years. Delegates to the Congress were elected at conferences held at the regional, district, and city levels. The Congress examined and approved reports submitted by the Central Committee, discussed general Party policies, and elected the Central Committee. The latter was the next-highest level in the Party hierarchy and generally included all key officials in the government, as well as prominent members of the intelligentsia. The Central Committee directed Party activities between Party Congresses and met approximately three times a year. The intelligentsia (from Latin: intelligentia) is a social class of people engaged in complex mental and creative labor directed to the development and dissemination of culture: intellectuals and social groups close to them (e. ...

As in the Soviet Union, the Central Committee elected a Politburo and a Secretariat. The Politburo, which usually included key government ministers and Central Committee secretaries, was the main administrative and policy-making body and convened on a weekly basis. Generally, the Central Committee approved Politburo reports and policy decisions. The Secretariat was responsible for guiding the day-to-day affairs of the Party, in particular for organizing the execution of Politburo decisions and for selecting Party and government cadres. Politburo is short for Political Bureau. ...

Unlike other ruling communist parties, people from working-class and peasantry had a negligible presence in the PPSh élite. They were well-educated intellectuals, many had studied abroad. This situation sharply contradicted with the undeniably underdeveloped (so-called "feudal") condition of the Albanian society. The consequences were radical practices of "social engineering", often with draconian measures, typical of the "Cultural and Ideological Revolution" started in 1967. The working class is a social class often contrasted with middle class and upper class in terms of the nature of work undertaken (manual labor or skilled), the level of remuneration (typically low hourly rates although there are exceptions) and access to resources (limited access to capital, education and land). ... Categories: 1911 Britannica | Historical stubs | Feudalism ... Elite may refer to Elitism - the concept of social stratification by innate or social qualities Elite - computer software game Elite - a skilled hacker Leet - an online culture or attitude sometimes identified by frequent use of leetspeak Elite Systems, a UK video game developer. ... Feudalism comes from the Late Latin word feudum, itself borrowed from a Germanic root *fehu, a commonly used term in the Middle Ages which means fief, or land held under certain obligations by feodati. ... Social engineering is a concept in political science that refers to efforts to systematically manage popular attitudes and social behavior on a large scale, whether by governments or private groups. ... Draco is an Athenian law scribe, whose laws were described as Draconian. Draconian (D&D) refers to creatures unique to the Dragonlance fantasy world. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1991, the PPSh reformed and became the mainstream Socialist Party of Albania, one of the two major political parties in Albania. 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Socialist Party of Albania (Albanian: Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë) is the current opposition political party of Albania. ...

External following

The staunchly orthodox stand of the PPSh attracted many political groupings around the world, particularly among Maoists who were not content with the CPC attitude in late 1970s. A large number of parties (the most notable being PC do B) declared themselves to be in "PPSh line", especially during the period of 1978-1980. However, many of them abandoned this certain affiliation after the fall of the communist regime in Albania. Today, many of the political parties upholding the political line of PPSh are grouped around the International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations. Maoism or Mao Zedong Thought (Chinese: 毛澤東思想, pinyin: Máo Zédōng Sīxiǎng), also called Marxism-Leninism–Mao Zedong Thought or Marxism-Leninism-Maoism (MLM), is a variant of communism derived from the teachings of Mao Zedong (1893–1976). ... The Communist Party of China (CPC) (official name) or Chinese Communist Party (CCP) (Simplified Chinese: 中国共产党; Traditional Chinese: 中國共産黨; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... The Communist Party of Brazil (Partido Comunista do Brasil) is a political party in Brazil. ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... The International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations (ICMLPO) is an international network of Communist parties that uphold the line of Enver Hoxha and the Albanian Party of Labour. ...

Below is a partial list of parties adhering to the political line of PPSh during its existence:

• Benin: Communist Party of Dahomey
• Brazil: Communist Party of Brazil
• Britain: Communist League of Great Britain
• Burkina Faso: Voltaic Revolutionary Communist Party
• Canada: Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist)
• Chile: Chilean Communist Party (Proletarian Action)
• Colombia: Communist Party of Colombia (marxist-leninist)
• Denmark: Communist Party of Denmark/Marxist-Leninists
• Dominican Republic: Partido Comunista del Trabajo
• Ecuador: Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador
• Ethiopia: Marxist-Leninist League of Tigray
• Faroe Islands: Advancement for the Islands (m-l)
• Germany: Communist Party of Germany/Marxist-Leninists
• Germany: Communist Party of Germany (KPD/Roter Morgen)
• Iran: Party of Labour of Iran
• Japan: Japan Communist Party (Left Faction)
• Mexico: Communist Party of Mexico (Marxist-Leninist)
• Netherlands: Workers Party of the Netherlands (build-up organisation)
• Nicaragua: Marxist-Leninist Party of Nicaragua
• Portugal: Communist Party (Reconstructed)
• Spain: Communist Party of Spain (marxist-leninist)
• Sweden: Communist Party in Sweden
• Togo: Communist Party of Togo
• Tunisia: Tunisian Workers' Communist Party
• Turkey: Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist-Leninist - Hareketi
• Turkey: Revolutionary Communist Party of Turkey
• USA: Marxist-Leninist Party, USA
• Venezuela: Red Flag Party

Communist Party of Benin (in French: Parti Communiste du Bénin) is a political party in Benin. ... The Communist Party of Brazil (Partido Comunista do Brasil) is a political party in Brazil. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Voltaic Revolutionary Communist Party (Parti communiste révolutionnaire voltaïque, PCRV) is a communist party in Burkina Faso. ... The Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) (CPC-ML) is a Canadian federal political party whose platform is the promotion of communism. ... Chilean Communist Party (Proletarian Action) (in Spanish: Partido Comunista Chileno (Acción Proletaria)) is a communist party, originating from the pro-Albanian tradition, in Chile. ... Communist Party of Colombia - Marxist-Leninist) (in Spanish: Partido Comunista de Colombia (Marxista-leninista)), a political party that splintered from the main Colombian Communist Party around 1965. ... Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador (in Spanish: Partido Comunista Marxista-Leninista del Ecuador) is a political party in Ecuador, founded August 1, 1964, following a split from the Communist Party of Ecuador. ... Oyggjaframi (marx-leninistar) was a marxist-leninist organization in the Faroe Islands. ... Workers Party of the Netherlands (build-up organisation) (in Dutch: Arbeiderspartij van Nederland (opbouworganisatie), abbreviated APN(o)) was a communist party in the Netherlands. ... Popular Action Movement - Marxist-Leninist (in Spanish: Movimiento Acción Popular - Marxista-Leninista), a communist party in Nicaragua that surged out of a split from the FSLN in the early 1970s. ... Communist Party (Reconstructed) (in Portuguese: Partido Comunista Português (reconstruído)), initially known as Portuguese Communist Party (Reconstructed) (Partido Comunista Português (Reconstruído)), was a political party in Portugal. ... PCE(m-l)-FRAP sticker against repression Partido Comunista de España (marxista-leninista) (Communist Party of Spain (marxist-leninist)) a communist political party in Spain. ... Kommunistiska Partiet i Sverige (Communist Party in Sweden), a pro-Albanian communist party in Sweden. ... Communist Party of Togo (in French: Parti Comuniste du Togo) is a communist party in Togo, founded May 3-4 1980. ... The Tunisian Workers Communist Party (French: Parti communiste des ouvriers tunisiens, Arabic: Hizb al-Ummal al-Shuyui) (PCOT) is an illegal Marxist-Leninist political party in Tunisia. ... Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist-Leninist - Hareketi (in Turkish: Türkiye Komünist Partisi/Marksist-Leninist - Hareketi, Hareketi is Turkish for Movement) was a clandestine communist party in Turkey. ... Revolutionary Communist Party of Turkey (in Turkish: Türkiye Devrimci Komünist Partisi) is a clandetine communist party in Turkey. ... The Marxist-Leninist Party was a Hoxhaist group in the United States that published the paper Workers Advocate. ... Red Flag Party (in Spanish: Partido Bandera Roja) is a communist party in Venezuela. ...

External link

• A speech delivered by E. Hoxha commemorating the 20th anniversary of the founding of the PPSh

This article contains material from the Library of Congress Country Studies which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain. The Country Studies are works published by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress ( USA), freely available for use by researchers. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...