Albanians in Kosovo in 1991

The Albanians are the largest ethnic group in Kosovo. According to the 1991, there were 1,596,072 ethnic Albanians in Kosovo or 81,6% of population. By the estimation in year 2000, there were between 1,584,000 and 1,733,600 Albanians in Kosovo or 88% of population. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (500x680, 88 KB)Kosovo ethnic map File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (500x680, 88 KB)Kosovo ethnic map File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... For other uses, see Kosovo (disambiguation). ...

Geography

According to the 1991 census, Albanians were a majority in 23 of the 29 present municipalities of Kosovo (in the remaining 6 municipalities, the majority was Serb or Slavic Muslim - Gorani). For other uses, see Kosovo (disambiguation). ... This article is about the ethnic group who live in many countries. ... Slavic Muslims are Slavs who observe the Islamic faith. ... Gorani are a Slavic ethnic group living in a region called Gora (Slavic for Mountain or Forest), just south of Prizren in the province of Kosovo, Serbia and Montenegro, and in the north-western Macedonia in the Å ar-planina region near Tetovo, as well as in the north-eastern Albania. ...

History

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It is most likely that the region of Kosovo has been inhabited by Illyrian tribes since the Bronze Age. In ancient times the area was known as Dardania and was settled by a tribe with the same name. The south of Kosovo was ruled by Macedonia afterAlexander the Great's reign in the 4th century BC. The local Dardani were of Illyrian stock. Montenegrins are a South Slavic people who are primarily associated with the Republic of Montenegro, a member-state of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. ... Illyrians has come to refer to a broad, ill-defined group of peoples who inhabited the western Balkans (from northern Epirus to southern Pannonia) and even perhaps parts of Southern Italy in classical times into the Common era, and spoke Illyrian languages. ... The Bronze Age is a period in a civilizations development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze. ... Dardania was a region encompassing the area of the modern-day southern Serbia, Kosovo, western Macedonia, and parts of northern Albania. ... Alexander the Great (in Greek , transliterated Megas Alexandros) (July 356 BC – June 11, 323 BC), King of Macedon (336–323 BC), is considered one of the most successful military commanders in world history, conquering most of the world known to the ancient Greeks before his death. ... Albani (Albanoi), tribe in ancient Illyria, from Alexander G. Findlays Classical Atlas to Illustrate Ancient Geography, New York, 1849 The Dardani were an ancient Indo-European tribe that lived in Dardania (largely corresponding to present day Kosovo, as well as other parts of present day southern Serbia) and was... This article is about an ancient civilization in southeastern Europe; see also Illyria (software), Illyria (character in the TV series Angel). ...

Illyrians organised resistance against the Greeks and Romans for centuries but after the long wars of Illyrian tribes against intruders, the region was later occupied by the Roman Empire under Emperor Augustus. When the Roman Empire split in A.D. 395, the area of Kosovo became part of the Eastern Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire. Dardania gave numerous leaders to both Rome and Constantinopolis. Justinian the Great was among them. The Roman Forum was the central area around which ancient Rome developed. ... For other senses of this name, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... Augustus (Latin:IMPERATOR CAESAR DIVI FILIVS AVGVSTVS[1]; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), known to modern historians as Octavian in English for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, was the first and one of the most important of the Roman Emperors, though he downplayed... Dionysius Exiguus invented Anno Domini years to date Easter. ... Events After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is divided in an eastern and a western half. ... Byzantine Empire (Greek: ), is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Byzantine Empire (Greek: ), is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Dardania in Greek mythology is the name of a city founded on Mount Ida by Dardanus from which also the region and the people took their name. ... Map of Constantinople. ... Justinian I, depicted on a contemporary coin Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus or Justinian I (May 11, 483–November 13/14, 565), was Eastern Roman Emperor from AD August 1, 527 until his death. ...

The Slavic invaders of the Balkan peninsula reached the far end of the Pelopponesus as early as in the 7th century, but thanks to its remote position as a plateau surrounded by high mountains, Kosovo didn't come to have a Slavic majority until the 9th century. The original Illyrian, more or less romanized population who had sought refuge in the highlands gave birth to the Albanian and the Romanian languages there, in a region centered around Kosovo in the 10th century. The thesis according to which the Albanians might be the descendants of a Thracian tribe, put forward by the Austrian albanologist Gustav Weigand in the 19th century, has now been refuted. The contemporary Albanians and Vlachs in the Western Balkans - the invading Slavs called Vlah whomever spoke a Latin or Latin-influenced language - are the descendants of their first inhabitants. Slav, Slavic or Slavonic can refer to: Slavic peoples Slavic languages Slavic mythology Church Slavonic language Old Church Slavonic language Slav, a former Jewish settlement in the Gaza Strip. ... ... Vlachs (also called Wlachs, Wallachs, Olahs) are the Romanized population in Central and Eastern Europe, including Romanians, Aromanians, Istro-Romanians and Megleno-Romanians, but since the creation of the Romanian state, this term was mostly used for the Vlachs living south of the Danube river. ... It has been suggested that History of the Latin language be merged into this article or section. ...

Starting in the late 12th century, the Serb kingdom of Rascia began taking parts of Kosovo away from the Byzantine empire - which had itself wrested them from the Bulgarian kingdom of Macedonia in the 11th century, and the Eastern Christian Slavs in Kosovo who acknowledged the authority of the newly established Serb Patriarch came to think of themselves as "Serbs". Local sources reveal a long hitory of coexistence between the Slavic invaders and the native Albanian population. The Serbian "empire" at the center of which Kosovo found itself in the 14th century was multi-national, and political allegiance there did not depend upon ethnicity. Raška (Raschka, Rascia, Rassa) was the central and most successful medieval Serbian state (or župa, area ruled by a župan) that unified neighboring Serbian tribes into the main medieval Serbian state in Balkans. ...

The Ottoman conquered Kosovo in the 15th century and it brought Islamisation, particularly in the towns, and later the Viyalet of Kosovo -with borders different from the present ones, which were established in 1945 - was also created as one of the Ottoman territorial entities. Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Söğüt (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), İstanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanl... Islamicization is a neologism coined to describe the process of a societys conversion to the religion of Islam, or the increase in observance by an already Muslim society. ... Vilayet of Kosovo, 1875-1878 Vilayet of Kosovo, 1881-1912 The Province of Kosovo (Turkish: Kosova) was a vilayet of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkan Peninsula only roughly corresponding to the current region of Kosovo. ...

Kosovo was taken once by the Austrian forces of Eneo Piccolomini during the Great War of 1683 - 1699 with help of 5,000 Albanians and their leader, Catholic Archibishop Pjetër Bogdani. The archbishop, like Piccolomini, died from the plague at the end of 1698, and as the Ottomans re-conquered the region they had his grave reopened and his body quartered and given to the dogs because of his role in the rebellion. Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... Events January 26 - Treaty of Karlowitz signed March 30 - the tenth Sikh Master, Guru Gobind Singh created the Khalsa. ... A bishop is an ordained member of the Christian clergy who, in certain Christian churches, holds a position of authority. ... Pjetër Bogdani (ca. ...

As the Serbs opposed Ottoman domination and ultimately gained their autonomy in the Region of Belgrade, many of them moved away from Kosovo as the Albanians remained in their homeland, as they had no other place to move to. This changed the demographic make-up of the region, increasing the proportion of native Albanians. By the mid-19th century, the Albanians had become an absolute majority again in the whole of what is now Kosovo.

As the Serbs expelled some 100,000 Albanians from the regions of Niš, Pirot, Leskovac and Vranje in southern Serbia, which the Congress of Berlin of 1878 had given to the Belgrade Principality, a large number of them settled in Kosovo, where are now known as muhaxher (meaning the exiled, from the Arabic muhajir) and whose descendants often bear the surname Muhaxheri. The Congress of Berlin was a meeting of the European Great Powers and the Ottoman Empires leading statesmen in Berlin in 1878. ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Muhajir (or mohajir), in Albanian-populated regions including Albania and Kosovo, refers to Albanians from Chameria (Greece) and parts of Vilayet of Kosova (Sanjak of Nis, Sanjak of Yenibazar etc. ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... Muhajir or Mohajir is a Arabic word meaning refugee or immigrant or emigrant. ...

As a reaction against the Congress of Berlin, which had given Albanian territories to Serbia and Montenegro, Albanians, mostly from Kosovo, formed the League of Prizren in Prizren in [[June] 1878. Hundreds of Albanian leaders gathered in Prizren and fought back the Serbian and Montenegrine pretensions. Serbia complained to the Western Powers that the promised territories were not being held because the Ottomans were hesitating to do that. Western Powers put pressure to the Ottomans and in 1881, the Ottoman Army started the fighting against Albanians. The Prizren League created a Provisional Government with a President, Prime Minister (Ymer Prizreni) and Ministries of War (Sylejman Vokshi) and Foreign Ministry (Abdyl Frashëri). After three years of war, the Albanians were defeated. Many of the leaders were executed and imprisoned. In 1910, an Albanian uprising spread from Prishtina and lasted until the Ottoman Sultan's visit to Kosovo in June 1911. The Aim of the League of Prizren was to unite the four Albanian-inhabited Vilayets by merging the majority of Albanian inhabitants within the Ottoman Empire into one Albanian autonomous region. However at that time Serbs have consisted about 40% of the whole Vilayet of Kosovo's overall population and were opposing the Albanian aims along with Turks and other Slavs in Kosovo, which prevented the Albanian movements from establishing their rule over Kosovo. The Congress of Berlin was a meeting of the European Great Powers and the Ottoman Empires leading statesmen in Berlin in 1878. ... The League of Prizren (Albanian: Lidhja e Prizrenit) was created on June 10, 1878 in a mosque in Prizren, Kosovo by 300 Albanian nationalist leaders, mostly from Kosovo, Western former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Muslim leaders from Bosnia-Hercegovina and the Sandzak, in order to achieve an autonomous Albanian... View of Prizren Prizren (Serbian Cyrillic Призрен; Albanian Prizreni) is an historic city located in Kosovo at 42. ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... View of Prizren Prizren (Serbian Cyrillic Призрен; Albanian Prizreni) is an historic city located in Kosovo at 42. ... -1... Priština (Приштина) (Serbian) or Prishtinë/Prishtina (Albanian indefinite/definite form) is the capital city of the province called Kosovo and Metohia, located in the south of Serbia at 42°65 N, 21°17 E. The population is 204,500 as of 2003. ... A sultan (Arabic: سلطان) is an Islamic title, with several historical meanings. ... Look up June in Wiktionary, the free dictionary June is the sixth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with a length of 30 days The month is named after the Roman goddess Juno, wife of Jupiter and equivalent to the Greek goddess Hera. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ...

In 1912 during the Balkan Wars, most of Eastern Kosovo was taken by the Kingdom of Serbia, while the Kingdom of Montenegro took Western Kosovo, which a majority of its inhabitants call "The Plateau of Duke John" (Rrafsh i Dukagjinit) and the Serbs call Metohija (Метохија), a Greek word meant for the landed dependencies of a monastery. The Serbian army and irregular Četnici massacred 20,000 Albanians, as they planned a demographic re-colonization of Kosovo - this was described by Leon Trotsky, who was a reporter at the time. Numerous colonist Serb families moved into Kosovo, while the native Albanian population was subject to low-key ethnic cleansing. As a result, the proportion of Albanians in Kosovo declined from 60 percent at the time of the invasion to slightly more than 50 percent by 1941. 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The outcome as of April 1913 Boundaries on the Balkans after the First and the Second Balkan War (1912-1913) Distribution of races in the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor in 1923, Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, New York (The map does not reflect the results of the 1923... Serbia was formerly an autonomous principality (1817–1878), independent principality (1878–1882), independent kingdom (1882–1918), part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1941) (since 1929 the Kingdom of Yugoslavia), nazi occupied puppet state (1941–1944), socialist republic within Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992) and... The history of Montenegro begins in the early Middle Ages, after the arrival of the Slavs into that part of the former Roman province of Dalmatia that forms present-day Montenegro. ... Metohija (Serbian: Метохија) also spelled Metohia, is a large western basin in Kosovo. ... The Chetniks (Serbian četnici, четници) were a Serbian nationalist and royalist organization with origins in the 19th century Serbian movement opposing Ottoman rule. ... (Russian: Лев Давидович Троцкий; also transliterated Leo, Lev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij, Trockij and Trotzky) (November 7 [O.S. October 26] 1879 – August 21, 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronstein (Лев Давидович Бронштейн), was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist. ...

The 1918-1929 period under the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was a time of perecution for the Kosovar Albanians. Kosovo was split into four counties - three being a part of official Serbia: Zvečan, Kosovo and southern Metohija; and one in Montenegro: northern Metohija. However, the new administration system since 26 April 1922 split Kosovo among three Regions in the Kingdom: Kosovo, Rascia and Zeta. 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... April 26 is the 116th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (117th in leap years). ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Raška (Raschka, Rascia, Rassa) was the central and most successful medieval Serbian state (or župa, area ruled by a župan) that unified neighboring Serbian tribes into the main medieval Serbian state in Balkans. ... Zeta or ZETA can refer to: Zeta (letter), of the Greek alphabet Science: Zeta functions, in mathematics Riemann zeta function Tropical Storm Zeta (2005), formed in December 2005 and lasted through January 2006 Z-pinch, in fusion power Geography: Zeta (Mexico), a magazine from Tijuana, Mexico Zeta (state), a medieval...

In 1929 the Kingdom was transformed into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The territories of Kosovo were split among the Banate of Zeta, the Banate of Morava and the Banate of Vardar. The Kingdom lasted until the World War II Axis invasion of April 1941. The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a kingdom in the Balkans which existed from the end of World War I until World War II. It occupied an area made up of the present-day states of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro, Republic of Macedonia, and most of present-day Slovenia... Map showing Yugoslav banovinas in 1929 (The Zeta Banovina is coloured pink, in the central part of the map) The Zeta Banovina or Zeta Banate (Serbian Bosnian, and Croatian: Зетска бановина Zetska banovina) was a province (banovina) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. ... Map showing Yugoslav banovinas in 1929 (The Zeta Banovina is coloured yellow, on the right part of the map) The Morava Banovina or Morava Banate (Serbian: Моравска бановина Moravska banovina) was a province (banovina) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. ... Map showing Yugoslav banovinas in 1929 (The Vardar Banovina is coloured green, on the lower right part of the map) The Vardar Banovina or Vardar Banate (Slavic Macedonian and Serbian: Вардарска бановина Vardarska banovina) was a province (banovina) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. ... Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total dead: 12 million World War II... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

After the Axis invasion, the greater part of Kosovo became a part of Italian-controlled Fascist Albania, and a smaller, Eastern part by the Nazi-Fascist Tsardom of Bulgaria and Nazi German-occupied Kingdom of Serbia. Since the Albanian Fascist political leadership had decided in the Conference of Bujan that Kosovo would remain a part of Albania they started expelling the Serbian and Montenegrin colonists installed by Belgrade between the wars. The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... The term National Socialism has been used in self-description by a number of different political groups and ideologies, some of which have no connection with the Nazis; see National socialism (disambiguation). ... Fascism (in Italian, fascismo), capitalized, was the authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. ... Adolf Hitler with Tsar Boris III The military history of Bulgaria during World War II embraces a primary period of neutrality until 1 March 1941, a period of alliance with the Axis Powers until 9 September 1944 and a period of alignment with the Allies until the end of the... The term National Socialism has been used in self-description by a number of different political groups and ideologies, some of which have no connection with the Nazis; see National socialism (disambiguation). ... Serbia and Montenegro  â€“ Serbia      â€“ Vojvodina   â€“ Montenegro Kosovo (UN administration) Official language Serbian1 Capital Belgrade Area (not including data for Kosovo) – Total – % water 77. ...

Prior to the surrender of Fascist Italy in 1943, the German forces took over direct control of the region. After numerous uprisings of Serbian Chetniks and Yugoslav Partisans, the latter being lead by Fadil Hoxha, Kosovo was liberated after 1944 with the help of the Albanian partisans of the Comintern, and became a province of Serbia within the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia. A map of the Italian peninsula circa 1494. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) is a common year starting on Friday. ... This article is about the ethnic group who live in many countries. ... The Chetniks (Serbian četnici, четници) were a Serbian nationalist and royalist organization with origins in the 19th century Serbian movement opposing Ottoman rule. ... Yugoslav refers to: Yugoslavia Kingdom of Yugoslavia Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavs This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Partisan may refer to: A member of a lightly-equipped irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... The Comintern (from Russian Коммунистический Интернационал (Kommunisticheskiy Internatsional) – Communist International), also known as the Third International, was an independent international Communist organization founded in March 1919 by Vladmir Lenin, Leon Trotsky and the Russian Communist Party (bolshevik), which intended to fight by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of... Serbia and Montenegro  â€“ Serbia      â€“ Vojvodina   â€“ Montenegro Kosovo (UN administration) Official language Serbian1 Capital Belgrade Area (not including data for Kosovo) – Total – % water 77. ... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all south Slavic languages, in Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic Југославија) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ...

The Province of Kosovo was formed in 1945 as an autonomous region to protect its regional Albanian majority within the People's Republic of Serbia as a member of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia under the leadership of the former Partisan leader, Josip Broz Tito, but with no factual autonomy. After the Yugoslavia's name changed to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Serbia's to the Socialist Republic of Serbia in 1953, the Autonomous Region of Kosovo and gained inner autonomy in the 1960s. Serbia was formerly an autonomous principality (1817–1878), independent principality (1878–1882), independent kingdom (1882–1918), part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1941) (since 1929 the Kingdom of Yugoslavia), nazi occupied puppet state (1941–1944), socialist republic within Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992) and... The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was a Balkan state that existed from 1945 to 1992. ... Portrait of Tito by Paja Jovanović Tito redirects here. ... Official language Serbo-Croatian, Serbian, Croatian, Slovenian, Bosnian, Macedonian Capital Belgrade Largest city Belgrade Area (1991)  - Total  - % water Ranked xxst 255,804 km² Negligible Population  - Total (2004)  - Density Ranked xxth 20,522,972 80/km² Currency Yugoslav dinar Time zone  - in summer CET (UTC+1) CEST (UTC+2) National anthem... Serbia was formerly an autonomous principality (1817–1878), independent principality (1878–1882), independent kingdom (1882–1918), part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1941) (since 1929 the Kingdom of Yugoslavia), nazi occupied puppet state (1941–1944), socialist republic within Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992) and... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1953 calendar). ...

In the 1974 constitution, the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo's government received higher powers, including the highest governmental titles - President and Premier and a seat in the Federal Presidency which made it a de facto Socialist Republic within the Federation, but remaining as a Socialist Autonomous Region within the Socialist Republic of Serbia. Serbo-Croatian and Albanian were defined official on the Provincial level marking the two largest linguistic Kosovan groups: Serbs and Albanians. 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1974 calendar). ... Serbo-Croatian or Croato-Serbian (srpskohrvatski or hrvatskosrpski), earlier also Serbo-Croat, was an official language of Yugoslavia (along with Slovenian and Macedonian). ...

In the 1970s, an Albanian nationalist movement pursued full recognition of the Province of Kosovo as another Republic within the Federation, while the most extreme elements aimed for full-scale independence. Tito's arbitrary regime dealt with the situation swiftly, but only giving it a temporary solution.

In 1981 the Kosovar Albanian students organized protests seeking that Kosovo becomes a Republic within Yugoslavia. Those protests were harshly contained by the centralist Yugoslav and Serbian governments. In 1986, the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU) was working on a document, which later would be known as the SANU Memorandum. An unfinished edition was filtered to the press. In the essay, SANU portrayed the Serbian people as a victim and called for the revival of Serb nationalism, using both true and greatly exaggerated facts for propaganda. During this time, Slobodan Milošević's rise to power started in the League of the Socialists of Serbia. Milošević used the discontent reflected in the SANU memorandum for his political goals. 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Slobodan MiloÅ¡ević Slobodan MiloÅ¡ević ({{Serbian Cyrillic: Слободан Милошевић}}, pronounced []); (20 August 1941 – 11 March 2006) was President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia. ...

Soon afterwards, as approved by the Assembly in 1990, the autonomy of Kosovo was revoked back to the old status. Milošević, however, did not removed Kosovo's seat from the Federal Presidency, installing in it his own supporters to seize more power in the Federal government. After Slovenia's secession from Yugoslavia in 1991, Milošević used the seat to attain dominance over the Federal government, outvoting his opponents.

Many Albanians organized a peaceful active resistance movement, following the job losses suffered by some of them. Albanian schools and the medical care system were shut down.

On July 2, 1990 an unconstitutional Kosovo parliament declared Kosovo an independent country, although this was not recognized by the Government. In September of that year, the parliament, meeting in secrecy in the town of Kaçanik, adopted the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo. Two years later, in 1992, the Parliament organized a referendum which was observed by international organisations but was not recognized internationally. With an 80% turnout, 98% voted for Kosovo to be independent. In the early nineties, Albanians organized a parallel state system which managed the non-violent resistance movement and organized a parallel system of education and healthcare, among other things. With the events in Bosnia and Croatia coming to an end, the Serb government started relocating Serbian refugees from Croatia and Bosnia to Kosovo. In a number of cases, Albanian families were expelled from their apartments to make space for the refugees. July 2 is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 182 days remaining. ... This article is about the year. ... Albanian: Kaçaniku. ... Bosnia and Herzegovina (officially Bosna i Hercegovina, shortened to BiH, also in English variously written Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Bosnia-Hercegovina) is a mountainous country in the western Balkans. ...

After the Dayton Agreement in 1995, Albanians organized into the Kosovo Liberation Army. Yugoslav forces allegedly committed war crimes in Kosovo, although the Serbian government claims that the army was only going after suspected Albanian "terrorists". This triggered a 78-day NATO campaign in 1999. During the conflict, some 12,000 Kosovars were killed, of whom 9,000-10,000 were Albanians and up to 700,000 Albanians expelled. Some 3,000 Albanians are still missing. According to OSCE numbers and Kosovar Albanian sources on population size and distribution, an estimated 45.7% of the Albanian population had fled Kosovo during the bombings (i.e. from 23 March to 9 June 1999). Dayton is a name shared by many people, places, and things. ... Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës. ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...

Culture

Prominent individuals

• Gjon Buzuku, born in the 16th century a Catholic priest, born in Has, a region close to Prizren, the writer of one of the earlies books in Albanian, Meshari.

• Isa Boletini, born in 1864, in Boletin, a village close to Mitrovica, one of the main commanders of Albanian troops who fought against Ottoman, Bulgarian, Serbian Empire troops in the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century.

• Hasan Prishtina (1873 - 1933) born in Vushtrri (in Serbian: Vucitrn), an Albanian intellectual, and organizer of Albanian movements against Ottomans and other regimes installed in Kosovo, during the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century.

• Bajram Curri a freedom fighter, and nationalist, born in Gjakova in 1862.

• Sulejman Vokshi (1815 - 1890) born in Gjakova (in Serbian: Đakovica / Ђаковица), one of the main commanders, and leaders of the armed forces organized by the League of Prizren.

From 1990s - now: This is a page from Meshari Gjon Buzuku (16th century) was an Albanian Catholic clergyman who wrote the first known printed book in Albanian. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... View of Prizren Prizren (Serbian Cyrillic Призрен; Albanian Prizreni) is an historic city located in Kosovo at 42. ... Meshari (Albanian for The Prayer Book) is the first book written in Albanian language. ... Isa Boletini, Vlora 28 November 1912, Kosovo representative in the first Assembly of Albania Isa Boletini (1864-1916), Hero of Kosovo, prominent Albanian nationalist who fought for the remaining of Kosovo within Albania. ... Mitrovica may refer to more than one place in Serbia and Montenegro: Kosovska Mitrovica Sremska Mitrovica This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Söğüt (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanl... ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Bajram Curri (1862 – March 29, 1925) was an Albanian national hero from Kosovo. ... Gjakovë/Gjakova (Albanian indefinite/definite form) or Djakovica/Ðakovica (Serbian) is a city located in Kosovo at 42. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Gjakovë/Gjakova (Albanian indefinite/definite form) or Djakovica/Ðakovica (Serbian) is a city located in Kosovo at 42. ... ... The League of Prizren (Albanian: Lidhja e Prizrenit) was created on June 10, 1878 in a mosque in Prizren, Kosovo by 300 Albanian nationalist leaders, mostly from Kosovo, Western former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Muslim leaders from Bosnia-Hercegovina and the Sandzak, in order to achieve an autonomous Albanian...

• Ibrahim Rugova former President of Kosovo and founder and head of LDK and organizer of the peaceful resistance of Kosovo Albanians from 1990 - 1999 (died of lung cancer on Jan 21, 2006).

• Veton Surroi former publicist of Koha Ditore, currently the political leader of the ORA reformist party.

• Nexhat Daci Ph.D. in Chemistry, university professor, and former speaker of Assembly of Kosovo, member of the LDK.

• Agim Çeku former Colonel of the Croatian Army, former military commander of KLA and later of the KPC, and currently Prime Minister of Kosovo.

• Rifat Kukaj (25 October 1938 – September 11, 2005) on of the most successful writers in Albanian literature for children. He was born in Tërstenik, Drenica region of Kosovo.

• Anton Çetta born in Gjakova, patriot, folklorist, academician, university professor. He was the founder of the Reconciliation Comittee for erasing blood feuds in Kosovo (in Albanian: Komiteti per pajtimin e gjaqeve ne Kosovë). He is famous for having settled almost all of blood feuds among Albanians in Kosovo, in the 1990s.

Ibrahim Rugova (December 2, 1944 – January 21, 2006) was the President of Kosovo and its leading political party, the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK). ... The President of Kosovo is elected by the Assembly of Kosovo. ... The Democratic League of Kosovo (Lidhja Demokratike e Kosovës) is the largest political party in Kosovo. ... Veton Surroi is a popular Kosovar Albanian publicist and politician. ... Daily newspaper from Kosovo/ Kosova. ... Nexhat Daci Nexhat Daci (pronounced /ne. ... Assembly of Kosovo (Serbian Скупштина Косова; Albanian Kuvendi i Kosovës) is the highest provisional self-government and representative and law making institution of Kosovo. ... The Democratic League of Kosovo (Lidhja Demokratike e Kosovës) is the largest political party in Kosovo. ... Former NATO General Wesley Clark (left) and Agim Çeku (right) inspecting a KLA honor guard in Pristina, 1999. ... Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës. ... Kosovo Protection Corps (KPC or TMK in Albanian) Logo The Kosovo Protection Corps officially came into being on September 21 1999 with the promulgation of an UNMIK Regulation and the Statement of Principles providing provisional legal status for the Corps within Kosovo. ... Prime Minister of Kosovo is the head of the Government of Kosovo. ... Rifat Kujaj (25 October 1938 – September 11, 2005) was a Kosovar Albanian and the most successful writer in Albanian literature for children. ... Folkloristics is the formal academic study of folklore and mythology. ...

See also

• Kosovo
• Albanians
• Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia
• Albanians in the Republic of Montenegro
• Albanians in the Republic of Serbia