His Serene Highness Prince Albert I

Reign	10 September 1889-26 June 1922
Predecessor	Charles III of Monaco
Successor	Louis II of Monaco
Spouses	i) Lady Mary Hamilton ii) Alice Heine
Issue	Louis II of Monaco
Royal House	Grimaldi
Father	Charles III of Monaco
Mother	Antoinette de Mérode
Born	13 November 1848 Paris
Died	26 June 1922 Paris

Albert I, Prince of Monaco (13 November 1848 – 26 June 1922) was the reigning Prince of Monaco from 10 September 1889 until his death. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 354 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (944 × 1600 pixel, file size: 511 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Albert I, Prince... September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... June 26 is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 188 days remaining. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... Charles III of Monaco Prince Charles III of Monaco (December 8, 1818 - September 10, 1889) was reigning Prince of Monaco from June 20, 1856 to his death. ... Louis II of Monaco (July 12, 1870 – May 9, 1949) was the Sovereign Prince of Monaco from June 26, 1922 until May 9, 1949. ... Princess of Monaco Lady Mary Victoria Hamilton1 (Hamilton Palace, December 11, 1850 – Budapest, May 14, 1922) was the Lanarkshire-born, Scottish-German-French great-grandmother of Prince Rainier III of Monaco, the fashion designer Egon von Fürstenberg, and the socialite and actress Ira von Fürstenberg. ... Alice Heine (c. ... Louis II of Monaco (July 12, 1870 – May 9, 1949) was the Sovereign Prince of Monaco from June 26, 1922 until May 9, 1949. ... The House of Grimaldi is associated with the history of the Republic of Genoa and of the Principality of Monaco. ... Charles III of Monaco Prince Charles III of Monaco (December 8, 1818 - September 10, 1889) was reigning Prince of Monaco from June 20, 1856 to his death. ... November 13 is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 48 days remaining. ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ... June 26 is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 188 days remaining. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ... November 13 is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 48 days remaining. ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... June 26 is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 188 days remaining. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Early life

Born Albert Honoré Charles Grimaldi on 13 November 1848 in Paris, France, the son of Prince Charles III (1818-1889), and Countess Antoinette Ghislaine de Merode-Westerloo (1828-1864). November 13 is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 48 days remaining. ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Charles III of Monaco Prince Charles III of Monaco (December 8, 1818 - September 10, 1889) was reigning Prince of Monaco from June 20, 1856 to his death. ...

As a young man, Prince Albert served in the Spanish navy, but during the Franco-Prussian War he joined the French Navy where he was awarded the Legion of Honor. He was only 22 years old when he began to develop an interest in the then relatively new science of oceanography. After several years of study, Albert showed his ingenuity by devising a number of techniques and instruments used for measurement and exploration (http://www.bookmine.org). Accompanied by some of the world's leading marine scientists, he recorded numerous oceanographic studies, maps and charts. He then founded what would become the world renowned "Oceanographic Institute" in Monaco that included an aquarium, a museum, and a library plus research facilities in Paris. Combatants Second French Empire North German Confederation allied with south German states (later German Empire) Commanders Napoleon III # Otto Von Bismarck Helmuth von Moltke the Elder Strength 400,000 at the beginning of the war 1,200,000 Casualties 150,000 dead or wounded 284,000 captured 350,000 civilian... The French Navy, officially called the National Navy (French: Marine Nationale) is the maritime arm of the French military. ... Chiang Kai-sheks Légion dhonneur. ... Thermohaline circulation Oceanography (from Ocean + Greek γράφειν = write), also called oceanology or marine science, is the branch of Earth Sciences that studies the Earths oceans and seas. ...

In addition to his interest in oceanographic studies, Albert had a keen interest in the origins of man and in Paris, he founded the "Institute for Human Paleontology" that was responsible for a number of archeological digs. Albert's intellectual achievements gained him worldwide recognition and in 1909, the "British Academy of Science" made him a member. In 1920, the "American Academy of Science" awarded Prince Albert its gold medal for his achievements. 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ...

Despite his heroic military service, the Prince became a pacifist, establishing the "International Institute of Peace" in Monaco as a place to develop a peaceful settlement to conflict through arbitration. In the tension filled times leading up to World War I, Prince Albert made numerous attempts to dissuade Germany's Kaiser Wilhelm II from war. When war came, Monaco declared its neutrality but in fact provided the Allied forces with hospitals, convalescent centers, and soldiers, including Prince Albert's only son, Louis. Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nikolay II Aleksey Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Robert Nivelle Herbert H. Asquith D. Lloyd George Sir Douglas Haig Sir John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna... German Emperor Wilhelm (born Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albrecht, Prince of Prussia 27 January 1859–4 June 1941), was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia (de: Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen), ruling from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918. ... Louis II of Monaco (July 12, 1870 – May 9, 1949) was the Sovereign Prince of Monaco from June 26, 1922 until May 9, 1949. ...

Marriages

Prince Albert with his first wife shortly after their wedding

On 21 September 1869 at the Château de Marchais (which is still in the possession of the Grimaldi family today) in Champagne, Prince Albert was married to Lady Mary Hamilton (1850-1922), of Lanarkshire, Scotland, a daughter of the 11th Duke of Hamilton and his royal wife, Princess Marie of Baden. The couple met for the first time in August 1869 at a ball hosted by the emperor and empress of France and their marriage had been arranged by Albert's grandmother Caroline. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 444 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (459 × 619 pixel, file size: 54 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) free public domain source uncopyrighted I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 444 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (459 × 619 pixel, file size: 54 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) free public domain source uncopyrighted I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... September 21 is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years). ... 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Location of the Champagne province in France Champagne is one of the most traditional provinces of France, a region of France that is best known for the production of the sparkling white wine that bears the regions name. ... Princess of Monaco Lady Mary Victoria Hamilton1 (Hamilton Palace, December 11, 1850 – Budapest, May 14, 1922) was the Lanarkshire-born, Scottish-German-French great-grandmother of Prince Rainier III of Monaco, the fashion designer Egon von Fürstenberg, and the socialite and actress Ira von Fürstenberg. ... Year 1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... Lanarkshire (Siorrachd Lannraig in Gaelic) is a traditional county of Scotland. ... Motto: (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity(English) Wha daur meddle wi me? (Scots)[1] Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic, Scots[2] Government  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... The Most Noble William Alexander Archibald Hamilton, 11th Duke of Hamilton and 8th Duke of Brandon (19 February 1811 – 8 July 1863), styled Earl of Angus before 1819 and Marquess of Douglas and Clydesdale between 1819 and 1852, was a Scottish nobleman. ... Baden was a territory in the southwest of what later became unified Germany. ... Maria Caroline Gibert de Lametz, Princess consort of Monaco (1793 - 1879) was the wife of Florestan I, Prince of Monaco and the daughter of Charles Thomas Gibert de Lametz. ...

Caroline had tried to make a marital match between Albert and Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge, the first cousin of Queen Victoria and future mother of Britain’s Queen Mary, but to no avail. The failure did not dissuade Caroline from her goal and it was to this end that she sought the help of the French Emperor Napoléon III (Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) and his wife, Empress Eugénie. Her Royal Highness Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge (Mary Adelaide Wilhelmina Elizabeth), (November 27, 1833 - October 27, 1897), was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of King George III. She later held the title of Duchess of Teck by marriage. ... Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819–22 January 1901) was a Queen of the United Kingdom, reigning from 20 June 1837 until her death. ... Mary of Teck (Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes; 26 May 1867 – 24 March 1953) was the Queen Consort of George V. Queen Mary was also the Empress of India and Queen of Ireland. ... Napoléon III Emperor of the French (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was President of the French Republic from 1848 to 1851, then from 2 December 1851 to 2 December 1852 the ruler of a dictatorial government, then Emperor of the French under the... Empress Eugénie Doña María Eugenia Ignacia Agustina de Palafox y Kirkpatrick, Countess de Teba, who became Empress Eugénie [1] [2] [3] (May 5, 1826 – July 11, 1920) was Empress Consort of France (1853-1871), the wife of Napoleon III, emperor of the French. ...

The emperor managed to convince Caroline that Queen Victoria was unlikely to allow one of her family members to marry a Grimaldi, but suggested Mary, his third cousin and sister of his good friend the 12th Duke of Hamilton, as a suitable alternative. As the daughter of a Scottish duke, Mary may not have been royalty, but her family was sufficiently rich, well connected, and was connected to the French Imperial family through her maternal grandmother Stéphanie de Beauharnais, second cousin of Emperor Napoleon III's mother and Emperor Napoleon I's adopted daughter. [1] Members of the Royal Family on the balcony of Buckingham Palace after the Trooping the Colour ceremony The British Royal Family is a shared royal family. ... The Duke of Hamilton, from Vanity Fair, 1873. ... The Peerage of Scotland is the division of the British Peerage for those peers created in the Kingdom of Scotland before 1707. ... Painting of Stéphanie de Beauharnais by François Pascal Simon, Baron Gérard (1806) Stéphanie Louise Adrienne de Beauharnais (August 28, 1789 – January 29, 1860) was the consort of Karl, Grand Duke of Baden. ... Hortense de Beauharnais depicted in Queen Hortense - A Life Picture of the Napoleonic Era, 1910 Hortense de Beauharnais, Queen of Holland, Grand Duchess of Berg and Cleves, Countess of Saint-Leu (April 10, 1783 - October 5, 1837), was the wife of Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland and the mother of... Napoleon I Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from...

Within a year of their marriage, the couple's only child, Louis was born, but the strong-willed 19-year-old Scots Mary disliked Monaco and everything about it. Shortly thereafter, she left Monaco permanently and the marriage was annulled in 28 July 1880 although a special provision was made by the Vatican that allowed for their son Louis to remain legitimate. That same year, the former Princess of Monaco married in Florence, Italy, as her second husband, a Hungarian nobleman, Tassilo, Prince Festetics von Tolna, 1850-1933. They had a daughter, Maria, who would become the paternal grandmother of the fashion designer Egon von Fürstenberg and his sister Ira von Fürstenberg, a European B-movie actress who would later become a companion of her cousin Rainier III of Monaco. July 28 is the 209th day (210th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 156 days remaining. ... Year 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... Egon von Furstenberg (June 29, 1946-June 11, 2004) was a fashion designer. ... Princess Ira zu Fürstenberg (born April 18, 1940) is a European socialite, actress, jewelry designer, and a former public relations manager for the fashion designer Valentino Garavani. ... Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi; 31 May 1923 – 6 April 2005), styled His Serene Highness The Sovereign Prince of Monaco, ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost fifty-six years, making him one of the longest ruling monarchs of the 20th century. ...

Accession

The statue in Monaco-Ville

On 10 September 1889 Albert ascended to the throne of Monaco on the death of his father and that same year he married the dowager duchess de Richelieu, née Marie Alice Heine (1858-1925). An American, the daughter of a New Orleans, Louisiana building contractor of German Jewish descent, Alice Heine had married the duc de Richelieu but had been widowed by age 21, with a young son, Armand. Her relationship and marriage to Prince Albert proved an equal blessing for him and the tiny principality of Monaco. To the marriage, she brought a strong business acumen, showing an understanding far beyond her years. Having helped put her husband's principality on a sound financial footing, she would devote her energies to making Monaco one of Europe's great cultural centers with its Opera, theater, and the ballet under the direction of the famed Russian impresario, Serge Diaghilev. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (960x1280, 280 KB) Taken on July 2nd in Monacoville, Monaco File links The following pages link to this file: Albert I, Prince of Monaco ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (960x1280, 280 KB) Taken on July 2nd in Monacoville, Monaco File links The following pages link to this file: Albert I, Prince of Monaco ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Alice Heine (c. ... 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Nickname: Location in the State of Louisiana and the United States Coordinates: Country United States State Louisiana Parish Orleans Founded 1718 Government  - Mayor Ray Nagin (D) Area  - City  350. ... A principality is a monarchical feudatory or sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a Monarch with the title of prince or princess (a synonym is princedom) or (in the widest sense) a Monarch with another title within the generic use of the term prince. ... Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev (Сергей Павлович Дягилев) (March 19, 1872 – August 19, 1929), often known as Serge, was a Russian ballet impresario and founder of the Ballets Russes from which many famous...

Despite the initial success of Prince Albert and Princess Alice, in 1902 this marriage too ended, due to the princess's affair with the composer Isidore de Lara, a liaison that resulted in the princess publicly being slapped in the face by her husband during an evening at the opera. The couple separated but never divorced.Courtesan Caroline Otero, La Belle Otero, who had been a part-time lover of the prince between 1893 and 1897 recalled Albert fondly in her memoires and claimed that he wasn't a virile man and suffered from erection difficulties. Princess Alice had La Belle Otero banned from the province in 1897. Isidore de Lara, born Isidore Cohen (August 9, 1858 - August 2, 1935), was a composer of art songs and operas. ...

Late life

On 5 January 1911 Prince Albert I granted Monaco a Constitution but the document had little real meaning in terms of reducing autocratic rule and was soon suspended by the Prince when World War I broke out. Also in 1911, Prince Albert was responsible for the creation of the Monte Carlo Rally, an automobile race designed to draw tourists to Monaco and the Casino. January 5 is the 5th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... See also: 1910 in sports, 1912 in sports and the list of years in sports. Auto Racing January 21 - The first Monte Carlo motor rally May 30 - At the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, the first Indianapolis 500 ends with Ray Harroun becoming the first winner of the 500-mile auto race. ... Stephane Sarrazin driving a Subaru Impreza WRC on the Monte Carlo Rally Carlos Sainz driving a Toyota Corolla WRC on the Monte Carlo Rally Carlssons replica 1963 Monte Carlo Saab 96 rally car at Linköping, on the occasion of the Diamond Jubilee of SAAB in 1997 The Monte...

Prince Albert I of Monaco died on 26 June 1922 in Paris, France and was succeeded by his son, Louis II. June 26 is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 188 days remaining. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... Louis II of Monaco (July 12, 1870 – May 9, 1949) was the Sovereign Prince of Monaco from June 26, 1922 until May 9, 1949. ...

Philately

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Albert I, Prince of Monaco

Albert I constituted a collection of postage stamps that was later continued by Louis II and finally main part of the postal museum Rainier III created in 1950. Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... A postage stamp is evidence of pre-paying a fee for postal services. ... Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi; 31 May 1923 – 6 April 2005), styled His Serene Highness The Sovereign Prince of Monaco, ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost fifty-six years, making him one of the longest ruling monarchs of the 20th century. ...

External link

• A list of the Reigning Princes since 1731