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Encyclopedia > Albert Kesselring
Albert Kesselring
August 8, 1881 - July 16, 1960

Albert Kesselring
Nickname Smiling Albert
Place of birth Marktsteft, Bavaria, Germany
Place of death Bad Nauheim, West Germany
Allegiance Flag of German Empire German Empire (to 1918)
Flag of Germany Weimar Republic (to 1933)
Flag of Nazi Germany Nazi Germany
Service/branch Luftwaffe
Years of service 1904-1945
Rank Generalfeldmarschall
Commands 1st Air Fleet, 2nd Air Fleet
Battles/wars World War I
World War II
Awards Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds
What is a soldier without an order? A soldier who does not follow an order can no longer be called a soldier.[1] -Albert Kesselring in A Soldier's Record

==Biography== is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (640x832, 125 KB) Description: Portrait of Generalfeldmarschall Kesselring Source: ibiblio. ... Marktsteft is a town in the district of Kitzingen, in Bavaria, Germany. ... For other uses, see Bavaria (disambiguation). ... Bad Nauheim is a town in the Wetteraukreis district of Hesse state of Germany. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_German_Empire. ... For German colonial territories, see German Colonial Empire. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Anthem Das Lied der Deutschen Germany during the Weimar period, with the Free State of Prussia (in blue) as the largest state Capital Berlin Language(s) German Government Republic President  - 1918-1925 Friedrich Ebert  - 1925-1933 Paul von Hindenburg Chancellor  - 1919 Philipp Scheidemann(first)  - 1933 Kurt von Schleicher (last) Legislature... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany_1933. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... The Deutsche Luftwaffe or   (German: air force, literally Air Weapon, pronounced lufft-va-fa, IPA: ) is the commonly used term for the German air force. ... Replica of the marshals baton of Generalfeldmarschall von Richthofen (Third Reich) Generalfeldmarschall ( ) (general field marshal, usually translated simply as field marshal, and sometimes written only as Feldmarschall) was a rank in the armies of several German states, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Austrian Empire. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... The penultimate expression of the award: the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with golden Oakleaves, Swords and Diamonds. ...


Albrecht von Kesselring (August 8, 1881 - July 16, 1960) was a Generalfeldmarschall during World War II. One of the most respected and skillful generals of Nazi Germany, he was nicknamed "Smiling Albert" or "Smiling Kesselring". is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Replica of the marshals baton of Generalfeldmarschall von Richthofen (Third Reich) Generalfeldmarschall ( ) (general field marshal, usually translated simply as field marshal, and sometimes written only as Feldmarschall) was a rank in the armies of several German states, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Austrian Empire. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ...


At least one source claims that Kesselring was born on August 8, 1881 [2]. However, many printed sources claim that Kesselring was born 30 November 1885.[3]. [4], as stated in his memoirs, in Marktsteft in Bavaria, Germany as the son of a schoolmaster. is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Marktsteft is a town in the district of Kitzingen, in Bavaria, Germany. ... For other uses, see Bavaria (disambiguation). ...

Contents

Pre-World War II service

He joined the German Army in 1904, becoming an officer cadet in the 2nd Bavarian Foot Artillery Regiment at Metz. In 1907 he received his commission as Leutnant (Second Lieutenant). He served on various divisional and corps staffs in World War I, most notably as a balloon observer for the German Army Air Service, where he became good friends with his future boss Hermann Göring. After various staff and troop assignments, in which he was eventually promoted to the rank of Brigadegeneral (Major General) in 1932, he was assigned as administrative chief to the Reich Air Ministry the next year. Kesselring remained in this position until June of 1936, when he was assigned as Chief of Staff of the Luftwaffe (German Air Forces) by then Reichsluftfahrtminister (overall Chief of the Luftwaffe) Göring.[5] The German Army (German: [1], [IPA: heɐ]  ) is the land component of the Bundeswehr (Federal Defence Forces) of the Federal Republic of Germany. ... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Si paix dedans, paix dehors (French: If peace inside, peace outside) Cathedral St. ... Second Lieutenant is the lowest commissioned rank in many armed forces. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... The Luftstreitkräfte or Imperial German Army Air Service (Die Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches), was the over-land air arm of the German military during World War I (1914–1918). ... Hermann Wilhelm Göring ( ) (also Goering in English) (January 12, 1893 – October 15, 1946) was a German politician and military leader, a leading member of the Nazi Party, second in command of the Third Reich, and commander of the Luftwaffe. ... The Reich Air Ministry (German: Reichsluftfahrtministerium) was a government department during the period of Nazi Germany (1933-45). ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Deutsche Luftwaffe or   (German: air force, literally Air Weapon, pronounced lufft-va-fa, IPA: ) is the commonly used term for the German air force. ... Hermann Wilhelm Göring ( ) (also Goering in English) (January 12, 1893 – October 15, 1946) was a German politician and military leader, a leading member of the Nazi Party, second in command of the Third Reich, and commander of the Luftwaffe. ...


World War II service

1939-1940: Western Europe

In the Polish campaign, Kesselring commanded the 1st Air Fleet. It was during this first action of the war that the short range bombing techniques were begun. In 1940, he commanded the 2nd Air Fleet in France. During the Battle of Britain, he almost succeeded in defeating the RAF. Combatants Poland Germany Soviet Union Slovakia Commanders Edward Rydz-Śmigły Fedor von Bock (Army Group North), Gerd von Rundstedt (Army Group South), Mikhail Kovalev (Belorussian Front), Semyon Timoshenko (Ukrainian Front), Ferdinand Čatloš (Field Army Bernolák) Strength 39 divisions, 16 brigades, 4,300 guns, 880 tanks, 400 aircraft Total... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Combatants United Kingdom Including combatants from:[1] Poland New Zealand Canada Czechoslovakia Belgium Australia South Africa France Ireland United States Jamaica Palestine Rhodesia Germany Including combatants from Italy Commanders Hugh Dowding Hermann Göring Strength 754 single-seat fighters 149 two-seat fighters 560 bombers 500 coastal 1,963 total... “RAF” redirects here. ...


1941-1943: The Mediterranean and North Africa

In December 1941, Kesselring was appointed Commander-in-Chief South with command of all Luftwaffe units in the Mediterranean and North African theaters. In the final days of 1942, he advised Hitler to ensure that Tunisia was made a bridging point for the army, but this proved disastrous as a major Army Group was captured there in May of 1943. [6] For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... Commander-in-Chief (in NATO-lingo often C-in-C or CINC pronounced sink) is the commander of all the military forces within a particular region or of all the military forces of a state. ...


1943-1945: The Italian Campaign and Final Days

In late 1943 he was redesignated as Commander-in-Chief Southwest with nominal command of all German armed forces in Italy, where he led a twenty-month-long campaign of defense up the peninsula against the rebelling population and Allied army, committing horrible massacres among civilians and Partisans (Marzabotto, Ardeatine). Despite the suffering inflicted on the Italian people, Kesselring strove to avoid the physical destruction of many artistically important Italian cities, including Rome, Florence, Siena and Orvieto. He also tried to preserve the monastery of Monte Cassino, but was unsuccessful; it was completely destroyed before Monte Cassino fell on May 19th, 1944. Kesselring was transferred to Germany as Commander-in-Chief West in March 1945. On 29 April 1945, General Heinrich von Vietinghoff-Scheel, Commander of Army Group Southwest, signed the unconditional surrender of all German troops in Italy at the Royal Palace in Caserta. The surrender was to take effect on 2 May. Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sculpture to remember the victims of the massacre on 24 March 1944. ... This article is about the city in Italy. ... Piazza del Campo Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. ... Orvieto is a city in southwestern Umbria, Italy situated on the flat summit of a large butte of volcanic tuff. ... Combatants United Kingdom United States Poland New Zealand Canada Free France India and others Germany Commanders Harold Alexander Mark Clark Oliver Leese Albert Kesselring Heinrich von Vietinghoff Frido von Senger Strength 105,000 80,000 Casualties 54,000 20,000 The Battle of Monte Cassino (also known as the Battle... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Heinrich von Vietinghoff, during World War II, was a General of the German Wehrmacht who commanded the German 10th Army in Italy. ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ...


On 30 April, Hitler had committed suicide in Berlin. On 1 May, Karl Dönitz was designated German President (Reichspräsident) and the Flensburg government was created. One of new President's first acts was the appointment of Kesselring as Commander-in-Chief of Southern Germany. He was taken prisoner at Saalfelden on 6 May 1945. is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Karl Dönitz (IPA pronunciation:  ); September 16, 1891–December 24, 1980) was a German naval leader, who was in command of the Kriegsmarine during World War II and was President of Germany for 23 days after Adolf Hitlers suicide. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with President of Germany. ... The Flensburg government refers to the short-lived administration that attempted to rule Germany in May 1945 following the suicides of Adolf Hitler and Joseph Goebbels and the Fall of Berlin. ... Saalfelden (full name Saalfelden am Steinernen Meer) is a city in the Austrian state of Salzburg and is the administrative centre of the Pinzgauer Saalachtal. ... is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...


Post-War trial and life after

In 1947, the Allies tried him for the shootings of civilians by troops under his command, as reprisal for attacks by Italian partisans, during the Italian campaign. He was charged in particular with the shooting of 335 Italian citizens, partly partisans, mostly civilians, in reprisal of the attack of Via Rasella in Rome, in which 33 German soldiers were killed (the Ardeatine massacre). He was found guilty and sentenced to death by firing squad. In his memoirs, Kesselring claims that many of these shootings were carried out by communist partisans in German uniforms, while others were carried out by the SS, over which he claims he had no authority. Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Look up partisan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The massacre of Fosse Ardeatine took place in Italy during World War II. On 23 March 1944, 33 German soldiers were killed when members of the Italian Resistance set off a bomb close to a column of German soldiers who were marching on via Rasella. ...


The sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. Kesselring was released from prison in 1952 in consideration of his ill health. Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...


His memoirs, printed in 1953, were entitled Soldat bis zum letzten Tag (A Soldier To The Last Day), and were reprinted in English as A Soldier's Record a year later. In an introduction to the English version, S.L.A. Marshall, Chief Historian of the European theater of World War II, portrays Kesselring as a man who "could not turn like the men of July 20, twist like Rommel, retire to his tent like Rundstedt or blow hot and cold like Guderian. His task was the fighting of the battle. His view of duty was to stay the course." [7]


He died at Bad Nauheim, West Germany, in 1960 at the age of 79. Bad Nauheim is a town in the Wetteraukreis district of Hesse state of Germany. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...


See also

The Winter Line was a series of German military fortifications in Italy, constructed during World War II by Organisation Todt. ... German defensive positions in Northern Italy 1944 370th Infantry Regiment walking toward the mountains at north of Prato - April 1945 The Gothic Line, also known as Linea Gotica, formed Field Marshal Albert Kesselrings last major line of defence in the final stages of World War II along the summits... The massacre of Fosse Ardeatine took place in Italy during World War II. On 23 March 1944, 33 German soldiers were killed when members of the Italian Resistance set off a bomb close to a column of German soldiers who were marching on via Rasella. ...

Notes

  1. ^ Kesselring, Albert (1970). A Soldier's Record. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0837129753. 
  2. ^ http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERkesselring.htm
  3. ^ Dear, I.C.B., Editor. (2002). The Oxford Companion to World War II. USA: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198604467. 
  4. ^ "Albert Kesselring". Britannica Online. (September 2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-28. 
  5. ^ John Simkin. Albert Kesselring. Spartacus Online. Retrieved on 2007-09-28.
  6. ^ Magill, Frank N. (2001). Magill's Guide to Military History. Salem Press. 
  7. ^ Kesselring, Albert (1970). A Soldier's Record. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0837129753. 

Sentence of the trial: http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/WCC/kesselring.htm Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Preceded by
Generalleutnant Walther Wever
Chief of the Luftwaffe General Staff
June 3, 1936-May 31, 1937
Succeeded by
General der Flieger Hans-Jürgen Stumpff

  Results from FactBites:
 
Albert Kesselring - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (430 words)
Kesselring was born in Marktsteft, Germany, in 1881.
In December 1941, Kesselring was appointed as Commander in Chief South with command of all Luftwaffe units in the Mediterranean and North African theaters.
Kesselring was reprieved and released from prison in 1952 in consideration of his ill health.
Operation Shingle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (1243 words)
Kesselring was informed of the landings at 0300 hours on January 22nd.
Kesselring initially considered that a successful defense could not be made if the Allies launched a major attack on the 23rd or 24th.
Kesselring ordered an attack on the beachhead for 28 January, though it was postponed to 1 February.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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