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Albert Pike (b. December 29, 1809, Boston - d. April 2, 1891, Washington, D.C.) was an attorney, soldier, writer, and Freemason. Pike is the only Confederate military officer or figure to be honored with a statue in Washington, D.C. The statue sits in Judiciary Square. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... Boston redirects here. ... is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ... This article relates to the profession as practiced in the United States. ... “Freemasons” redirects here. ... Some Confederate soldiers The Confederate States Army (CSA) was organized in February 1861 to defend the newly formed Confederate States of America from military action by the United States government. ... ... Judiciary Square is a Washington Metro station in Washington, DC on the Red Line. ...

Albert Pike

Part of a series of articles on Freemasonry

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Biography

Pike was born in Boston, son of Benjamin and Sarah (Andrews) Pike, and spent his childhood in Byfield and Newburyport, Massachusetts. He attended school in Newburyport and Framingham until he was fifteen, at which point, having passed the Harvard entrance exam but unable to afford tuition, he began a program of self-education, later becoming a schoolteacher in Gloucester, Fairhaven and Newburyport.^{[citation needed]} Boston redirects here. ... Byfield Massachusetts is located north of Boston on Interstate 95. ... Newburyport is a small coastal city in Essex County, Massachusetts, 38 miles (61 km) northeast of Boston. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Middlesex County Settled 1650 Incorporated 1700 Government  - Type Representative town meeting Area  - Town  26. ... Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Fairhaven is a town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. ...

In 1831 Pike left Massachusetts to travel west, first stopping in St. Louis and later moving on to Independence, Missouri. In Independence, he joined an expedition to Taos, New Mexico, hunting and trading. During the excursion his horse broke and ran, forcing Pike to walk the remaining 500 miles to Taos. After this he joined a trapping expedition to the Llano Estacado in New Mexico and Texas. Trapping was minimal, and after traveling about 1300 miles (650 on foot), he finally arrived at Fort Smith, Arkansas.^{[citation needed]} Nickname: Location in the state of Missouri Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Government  - Mayor Francis G. Slay (D) Area  - City  66. ... Official language(s) English Capital Jefferson City Largest city Kansas City Largest metro area St Louis[1] Area  Ranked 21st  - Total 69,709 sq mi (180,693 km²)  - Width 240 miles (385 km)  - Length 300 miles (480 km)  - % water 1. ... Taos (IPA: ) is a city in Taos County in the north-central region of New Mexico. ... Shaded Relief Image of the Llano Estacado Llano Estacado (or Staked Plains) is a region in the southwestern United States that encompasses parts of eastern New Mexico and northwestern Texas. ... Official language(s) No official language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Largest metro area Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ... Fort Smith is a city situated at the junction of the Arkansas and Poteau rivers. ... Official language(s) English Capital Little Rock Largest city Little Rock Largest metro area Little Rock Metropolitan Area Area  Ranked 29th  - Total 53,179 sq mi (137,002 km²)  - Width 239 miles (385 km)  - Length 261 miles (420 km)  - % water 2. ...

Settling in Arkansas in 1833, he taught school and wrote a series of articles for the Little Rock Arkansas Advocate under the pen name of "Casca."^{[citation needed]} The articles were popular enough that he was asked to join the staff of the newspaper. Later, after marrying Mary Ann Hamilton, he purchased part of the newspaper with the dowry. By 1835 he was the Advocate's sole owner. Under Pike's administration the Advocate promoted the viewpoint of the Whig party in a politically volatile and divided Arkansas.^{[citation needed]} Location in Pulaski County, Arkansas Coordinates: , Country State County Pulaski Founded 1821 Incorporated 1831 Government  - Mayor Mark Stodola Area  - City  116. ... A pen name or nom de plume is a pseudonym adopted by an author. ... A dowry (also known as trousseau) is a gift of money or valuables given by the family of the bride to the family of the groom at the time of their marriage. ... The United States Whig Party was a political party of the United States. ...

He then began to study law, and was admitted to the bar in 1837, selling the Advocate the same year. He was the first reporter for the Arkansas supreme court, and also wrote a book (published anonymously), titled The Arkansas Form Book, which was a guidebook for lawyers.^{[citation needed]} A bar association is a body of lawyers who, in some jurisdictions, are responsible for the regulation of the legal profession. ...

==Military career==i am awwwwwsome

When the Mexican-American War started, Pike joined the cavalry and was commissioned as a troop commander, serving in the Battle of Buena Vista.^{[citation needed]} He and his commander, John Selden Roane, had several differences of opinion. This situation led finally to a duel between Pike and Roane. Although several shots were fired in the duel, nobody was injured, and the two were persuaded by their seconds to discontinue it.^{[citation needed]} Combatants United States Mexico Commanders Zachary Taylor Winfield Scott Stephen W. Kearney Antonio López de Santa Anna Mariano Arista Pedro de Ampudia José Mariá Flores Strength 78,790 soldiers 25,000–40,000 soldiers Casualties KIA: 1733 Total dead: 13,271 Wounded: 4,152 AWOL: 9,200+ 25,000... The Battle of Buena Vista was a land battle of the Mexican-American War fought on 23 February 1847 in Buena Vista, Coahuila, seven miles (12 km) south of Saltillo, in northern Mexico. ... John Selden Roane (8 January 1817 - 8 April 1867) was a Confederate Brigadier General during the American Civil War. ... A duel is a formalized type of combat. ...

After the war, Pike returned to the practice of law, moving to New Orleans for a time beginning in 1853.^{[citation needed]} He wrote another book, Maxims of the Roman Law and some of the Ancient French Law, as Expounded and Applied in Doctrine and Jurisprudence.^{[citation needed]} Although unpublished, this book increased his reputation among his associates in law. He returned to Arkansas in 1857, gaining some amount of prominence in the legal field and becoming an advocate of slavery, although retaining his affiliation with the Whig party. When that party dissolved, he became a member of the Know-Nothing party. Before the Civil War he was firmly against secession, but when the war started he nevertheless took the side of the Confederacy.^{[citation needed]} NOLA redirects here. ... Slave redirects here. ... The Know-Nothing movement was a nativist American political movement of the 1850s. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... For other uses, see Secession (disambiguation). ... Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God, Our Vindicator) Anthem (none official) God Save the South (unofficial) The Bonnie Blue Flag (unofficial) Dixie (unofficial) Capital Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia (May 29, 1861–April 2, 1865) Danville, Virginia (from April 3, 1865) Language(s) English (de facto) Religion...

He also made several contacts among the Native American tribes in the area, at one point negotiating an $800,000 settlement between the Creeks and other tribes and the federal government. This relationship was to influence the course of his Civil War service.^{[citation needed]} At the beginning of the war, Pike was appointed as Confederate envoy to the Native Americans. In this capacity he negotiated several treaties, one of the most important being with Cherokee chief John Ross, which was concluded in 1861.^{[citation needed]} no uncle bn dont die bobobebo This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ... The Creeks are an American Indian people originally from the southeastern United States, also known by their original name Muscogee (or Muskogee), the name they use to identify themselves today. ... For other uses, see Cherokee (disambiguation). ... For other persons named John Ross, see John Ross (disambiguation). ...

Pike was commissioned as a brigadier general on November 22, 1861, and given a command in the Indian Territory.^{[citation needed]} With Gen. Ben McCullough, Pike trained three Confederate regiments of Indian cavalry, most of whom belonged to the "civilized tribes," whose loyalty to the Confederacy was variable. Although victorious at the Battle of Pea Ridge (Elkhorn Tavern) in March, Pike's unit was defeated later in a counterattack, after falling into disarray.^{[citation needed]} Also, as in the previous war, Pike came into conflict with his superior officers, at one point drafting a letter to Jefferson Davis complaining about his direct superior.^{[citation needed]} A Brigadier General, or one-star general, is the lowest rank of general officer in the United States and some other countries, ranking just above Colonel and just below Major General. ... is the 326th day of the year (327th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Indian Territory in 1836 Indian Country redirects here. ... Benjamin McCulloch (November 11, 1811–March 7, 1862) was a soldier in the Texas Revolution, Texas Ranger, U.S. marshal, and brigadier general in the army of the Confederate States during the American Civil War. ... British regiment A regiment is a military unit, consisting of a variable number of battalions - commanded by a colonel. ... This article or section is in need of expansion. ... The Five Civilized Tribes is the term applied to five Native American nations, the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole, considered civilized by white Anais because they had adopted many of the colonists customs (including the ownership of plantations and black slaves) and had generally good relations with their neighbors. ... Combatants United States of America Confederate States of America Commanders Samuel R. Curtis Earl Van Dorn Strength Army of the Southwest,≈10,500 men Army of the West, ≈16,000 men Casualties 1,349 (mostly killed and wounded) 4,600 (mostly captured) The Battle of Pea Ridge (also known as... For other uses, see Jefferson Davis (disambiguation). ...

After Pea Ridge, Pike was faced with charges that his troops had scalped soldiers in the field. Maj. Gen. Thomas C. Hindman also charged Pike with mishandling of money and material, ordering his arrest.^{[citation needed]} Both these charges were later found to be considerably lacking in evidence; nevertheless Pike, facing arrest, escaped into the hills of Arkansas, sending his resignation from the Confederate Army on July 12.^{[citation needed]} He was at length arrested on November 3 under charges of insubordination and treason, and held briefly in Warren, Texas, but his resignation was accepted on November 11 and he was allowed to return to Arkansas.^{[citation needed]} Native American Big Mouth Spring with decorated scalp lock on right shoulder. ... Thomas Carmichael Hindman (28 January 1828 - 27 September 1868) was a United States Representative from the 1st Congressional District of Arkansas and a Major General in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. ... Insubordination is the act of a subordinate deliberately disobeying a lawful order. ... For other uses, see Treason (disambiguation) or Traitor (disambiguation). ... Warren is a village in the U.S. state of Texas, located in Tyler County (32° 32 N, 94° 54 W). ...

In Freemasonry

Pike in Masonic regalia

He had in the interim joined a Masonic lodge and become extremely active in the affairs of the organization, being elected Sovereign Grand Commander of the Scottish Rite's Southern Jurisdiction in 1859. ^{[citation needed]} He remained Sovereign Grand Commander for the remainder of his life (a total of thirty-two years), devoting a large amount of his time to developing the rituals of the order.^{[citation needed]} Notably, he published a book called Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry in 1871, of which there were several subsequent editions. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2928x3728, 1279 KB) (This summary was created using Commons SumItUp) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Albert Pike ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2928x3728, 1279 KB) (This summary was created using Commons SumItUp) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Albert Pike ... In most areas of the world Masons gather together in Masonic Lodges to work the three degrees of Freemasonry: 1° = Entered Apprentice 2° = Fellow Craft 3° = Master Mason Blue Lodge is used to specify the basic Masonic Lodge granting the first three degrees and to differentiate it from other Masonic... It has been suggested that Knight Kadosh be merged into this article or section. ... The Double Headed Eagle of Lagash on the cover of Morals and Dogma. ...

Pike is still sometimes regarded in America as an eminent^[1] and influential^[2] Freemason. His anti-Roman Catholic pronouncements were seen as representative of American freemasonry by Catholic sources.^[3] However, in his published response to the Humanum Genus of Pope Leo XIII, it is evident that he had no particular antipathy to Catholicism as a religion nor to membership of Roman Catholics in the lodge. His fight was against the desire of institutional Catholicism to suppress Freemasonry by force.^{[citation needed]} The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Humanum Genus (on Freemasonry) was a papal encyclical promulgated on April 20, 1884 by Pope Leo XIII. // It starts by using the Augustinian concept of the two cities, the City of Man and the City of God. ...

Other Interests

Pike in Masonic regalia

Additionally, Pike wrote on several legal subjects, and continued producing poetry, a hobby he had begun in his youth in Massachusetts. His poems were highly regarded in his day, but are now mostly forgotten. Several volumes of his works were self-published posthumously by his daughter.^{[citation needed]} Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

In 1859 he received an honorary Ph.D. from Harvard but declined it ("The Phoenix," Manly P. Hall).^{[citation needed]} Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. ...

Pike died in Washington, D.C., aged 81, and was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery (against his wishes — he had left instructions for his body to be cremated). Oak Hill Cemetery is a twenty-two acre (9 ha) historic cemetery and botanical garden located in Georgetown, Washington, D.C.. Oak Hill began in 1848 as part of the rural cemetery movement, directly inspired by the success of Mount Auburn Cemetery, when William Wilson Corcoran (also founder of the...

In 1944 his remains were moved to the House of the Temple, headquarters of the Southern Jurisdiction of the Scottish Rite. Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The House of the Temple is a Masonic temple in Washington, D.C., U.S.A., which serves as the headquarters of the Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Southern Jurisdiction, U.S.A. (Officially, Home of The Supreme Council, 33°, Ancient & Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Southern Jurisdiction, Washington D.C...

Immediately prior to the Civil War, Pike had been persuaded by his friend, William James Rivers, to move to Charleston, South Carolina and to join the Palladians.^{[citation needed]} Rivers was a famous professor emeritus of Ancient Languages and produced a great number of documents for Pike. Another friend of Pike's in Charleston was a student of Rivers, Henry Timrod, Charleston's wealthiest citizen and poet laureate of the Confederacy who wrote South Carolina's state song.^{[citation needed]} These collaborations were unfortunately interrupted by the start of the Civil War, which separated the three friends. Pike became a Brigadier in the Confederate army, Rivers a professor in Columbia and afterward president of Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, and Timrod, who lost all his family, including his little son, as well as his entire fortune in the war, sickened and died in Columbia. Although Pike continued to be in contact with Rivers until the end of his life, none of the three friends ever returned to Charleston again.^{[citation needed]}

Literature

• Albert Pike: Morals and Dogma. Book
• Albert Pike: Meaning of Masonry. Kessinger Publishing, May 2004. ISBN 1-4179-1101-8
• Albert Pike: Reprints of Old Rituals. Kessinger Publishing, March 1, 1997. ISBN 1-56459-983-3
• Albert Pike: Book of the Words. Kessinger Publishing, March 1, 1997. ISBN 1-56459-161-1
• Albert Pike: Indo-Aryan Deities and Worship as Contained in the Rig-Veda. Kessinger Publishing, March 1, 1997. ISBN 1-56459-183-2
• Albert Pike: The Point Within the Circle: Freemasonry Veiled in Allegory and Illustrated by Symbols. Holmes Pub Grou Llc, November 1, 2001. ISBN 1-55818-305-1
• Albert Pike: Morals and Dogma of the First Three Degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite Freemasonry. Kessinger Publishing, May 2004. ISBN 1-4179-1108-5

Bibliography

• Walter Lee Brown: A Life of Albert Pike. University of Arkansas Press, September 1, 1997. ISBN 1-55728-469-5
• Fred W. Allsopp: Albert Pike a Biography. Kessinger Publishing, March 1, 1997. ISBN 1-56459-134-4
• Annie Heloise Abel The American Indian as a Participant in the Civil War, Smith College, 1919, Project Gutenberg, http://www.gutenberg.org/files/12541/12541-8.txt

Ancestry & Family

Albert's descent from his immigrant ancestor John Pike is as follows: John Pike (1572–26 May 1654) was originally from Wiltshire, England. ...

• John Pike (1572-1654)
  • John Pike (1613-1689/90)
    • Joseph Pike (1638-1694)
      • Thomas Pike (1682-1753/4)
        • John Pike (1710-1755)
          • Thomas Pike (1739-1836)
            • Benjamin Pike (1780-????)
              • Albert Pike (1809-1891)

Notes and References

1. ^ ALBERT PIKE AND FREEMASONRY, March-April 2002 edition, California Freemason On-Line
2. ^ Albert Pike, masonicinfo.com
3. ^ Albert Pike in the Official Bulletin, September, 1887, 173, quoted as footnote [172] in Masonry (Freemasonry) from the Catholic Encyclopedia

This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

External links

• Handbook of Texas Online - Albert Pike
• Pike's Masonic philosophy
• Albert Pike: Hero or Scoundrel?
• a modern analysis of his Morals and Dogma
• About room where he is entombed
• Albert Pike and World War Three (conspiracy theory—but, regarding the supposed correspondence to Giuseppe Mazzini of 1871 Aug 15, it notes that "to date, no conclusive proof exists to show that this letter was ever written.")
• His involvement with the KKK & KGC

For other uses, see Conspiracy theory (disambiguation). ... Giuseppe Mazzini. ...

References

• This article incorporates public domain text from: Cousin, John William (1910). A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. London, J.M. Dent & sons; New York, E.P. Dutton.