Alcmaeon was the last king of Athens. In 753 BC he was succeeded by the first archon with a limited term of office of ten years. Before the Athenian democracy, the tyrants, and the archons, Athens was ruled by kings. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 800s BC 790s BC 780s BC 770s BC 760s BC - 750s BC - 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC 700s BC Events and Trends 756 BC - Founding of Cyzicus. ...

An ancient Greek (c. 450 B.C.) scientist-philosopher who discovered that the brain is the seat of understanding, Alcmaeon, a member of the Crotona school of Medicine, focused on the importance of man. Alcmaeon wrote Concerning Nature which might be the earliest example of Greek medical literature. However, only few fragments survive. He contributed to the study of medicine by establishing the connection between the brain and the sense organs. He also outlined the paths of the optic nerves as well as stating that the brain is the organ of the mind. However, his theories were not without mistakes. He said that sleep occurs when blood vessels in the brain are filled and that waking is caused by the emptying of these vessels. He also stated that the eye contains both fire and water.^[1]

Also in Greek mythology, Alcmaeon, or Alkmáon, was the son of Amphiaraus and Eriphyle. As one of the Epigoni, he was a leader of the Argives who attacked Thebes, taking the city in retaliation for the deaths of their fathers, the Seven Against Thebes, who died while attempting the same thing. The Oricoli bust of Zeus, King of the Gods, in the collection of the Vatican Museum. ... In Greek mythology, Amphiaraus, or Amphiaraos (doubly-cursed) was the son of Oicles and husband of Eriphyle. ... In Greek mythology, Eriphyle, daughter of Talaus, was the mother of Alcmaeon and the wife of Amphiaraus. ... Epigoni are a group of figures in Greek mythology. ... Argos (Greek: Άργος, Árgos) is a city in Greece in the Peloponnesus near Nafplio, which was its historic harbor, named for Nauplius. ... For the ancient capital of Upper Egypt, see Thebes, Egypt. ... The Oath of the Seven Chiefs, an 1897 illustration from Stories from the Greek Tragedians by Alfred Church Seven Against Thebes is a play by Aeschylus concerning the battle between Eteocles and the army of Thebes and Polynices and his supporters, traditional Theban enemies. ...

Pindar's eighth Pythian ode relates a prophesy by Amphiarus that the Epigoni will conquer Thebes, and that Alcmaeon will be the first through the gates. ^[2] Apollodorus also states that the other Epigoni received an oracle instructing them to make Alcmaeon their leader, and therefore convinced him to go with them, although he was unwilling.^[3] In Diodorus, Eriphyle persuades her son to join the attackers because she is bribed by Thersander to do so in exchange for the robe of Harmonia, just as she was bribed by Polynices with the necklace of Harmonia to send her husband into battle. ^[4] However, in Asklepiades, Amphiarus orders Alcmeon to avenge him on Eriphyle as soon as he is old enough^[5], making it clear that at least two traditions are present. In most versions, he kills Laodamas, the son of Eteocles, in the battle. Pindar Pindar (or Pindarus / Pindaros) (522 BC – 443 BC), considered the greatest of the nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, was born at Cynoscephalae, a village in Thebes. ... Epigoni are a group of figures in Greek mythology. ... For the ancient capital of Upper Egypt, see Thebes, Egypt. ... Apollodorus was a common name in ancient Greece. ... Diodorus Siculus was a Greek historian, born at Agyrium in Sicily (now called Agira, in the province of Enna). ... In Homers Iliad, Thersander was one of the Epigonoi, a son of Polynices. ... In Greek mythology, Harmonia is the immortal goddess of harmony and concord. ... In Greek mythology, Polynices was the son of Oedipus and Jocasta. ... In Greek mythology, Laódamas referred to three different people. ... Eteocles and Polynices being carried away, dead, after the Battle of Thebes, in an 1897 illustration from Stories from the Greek Tragedians by Alfred Church In Greek mythology, Eteocles was the son of Oedipus and Jocasta, the father of Laodamas. ...

Although sources differ concerning whether Alcmaeon knew about his mother's treachery before he attacked Thebes, all agree that once he returned he killed his mother, possibly with the help of his younger brother Amphhilochus. ^[6] He was pursued by the Erinyes and driven mad, fleeing first to Arcadia, where his grandfather Oicles ruled, and then to King Phegeus in Psophis, who purified him and gave him his daughter, Arsinoe in Apollodorus and Alphesiboea in Pausanius, in marriage. Alcmaeon gave her the necklace and robe of Harmonia. ^[7] According to Apollodorus, Alcmaeon's presence caused the land to be infertile, so he went to Delphi for assistance. ^[8] In Pausanius, it is his own madness which drove him to do so.^[9] In Greek mythology the Erinyes or Eumenides (the Romans called them the Furies) were female personifications of vengeance. ... Arcadia or Arkadía (Greek Αρκαδία; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a region of Greece in the Peloponnesus. ... In Greek mythology, Oicles (also Oikleiês, Oecles, or Oecleus) was an Argive king, father of Amphiaraus, son of Mantius and grandson of Melampus. ... A Greek King, Phegeus offered succor and his daughter, Alphesiboea, to Alcmaeon, who was fleeing from the Erinyes. ... Arsinoe I of Egypt Arsinoe II of Egypt Arsinoe III of Egypt Arsinoe IV of Egypt Arsinoe of Greek mythology: Orestes nurse; mother of Asclepius Arsinoe, Egypt town of Arsinoe on Cyprus This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the... In Greek mythology, Alphesiboea was the daughter of Phegeus and wife of Alcmaeon. ... Pausanias is the name of several ancient people: Pausanias was a Spartan general of the 5th century BC. Pausanias of Sparta was King of Sparta from 409 BC-395 BC. Pausanias was the servant/lover who assassinated Philip II of Macedon in 336 BC Pausanias, Greek traveller and geographer of...

From there the two accounts generally agree with each other and with Thucydides. Alcmaeon is instructed by the oracle to find a land which did not exist at the time when he was polluted by killing his mother. Accordingly, he goes to a delta of the Achelous river, which was newly formed. There he marries the daughet of the river's god, Callirhoe. She had heard of the famous necklace and robe of Harmonia, and asks Alcmaeon to get them for her. He complies, returning to Psophis and telling king Phegeus that he required the necklace and robe in order to be purified. Either Phegeus or his sons discovers the truth from a servant, and they ambush and kill Alcmaeon. ^{[10][11] [12]} In Apollodorus, Arsinoe, the daughter of Phegeus, chastises her brothers, who put her into a chest and sell her as a slave.^[13] Meanwhile, Callirhoe prays to Zeus that her sons will grow up instantaneously so that they might take revenge on her husband's murderers. Zeus grants this, and Amphoterus and Acarnan meet the sons of Phegeus at Agapenor's house, when they are on their way to Delphi to dedicate Harmonia's robe and necklace there. After killing them, Amphoterus and Arcmaeon continue to Psophis and killed king Phegeus and his queen, after which they are forced to flee to Tegea.^[14] Bust of Thucydides residing in the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto. ... In Greek mythology, Achelous (Greek: Αχελώος), was the patron deity of the river by the same name, which is the largest river of Greece, and thus the chief of all river deities, every river having its own river spirit. ... In Greek mythology, three women were named Callirhoe or Callirrhoe: A daughter of Oceanus and mother of Echidna, one of the Oceanids. ... Arsinoe I of Egypt Arsinoe II of Egypt Arsinoe III of Egypt Arsinoe IV of Egypt Arsinoe of Greek mythology: Orestes nurse; mother of Asclepius Arsinoe, Egypt town of Arsinoe on Cyprus This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the... The Statue of Zeus at Olympia Phidias created the 12-m (40-ft) tall statue of Zeus at Olympia about 435 BC. The statue was perhaps the most famous sculpture in Ancient Greece, imagined here in a 16th century engraving In Greek mythology, Zeus (in Greek: nominative: Ζεύς Zeús, genitive... In Greek mythology, Acarnan was the son of Alcmaeon. ... Agapenor: Leader of the Arkadians Reference Homer, The Iliad, translated by Richmond Lattimore, 1951 Categories: ... The amphitheatre, seen from above. ... There is also an ancient Tegea near Kissamos in the island of Crete, see Tegea, Crete Tegea was an important religious center of ancient Greek containing the Temple of Athena Alea. ...

Apollodorus relates a different myth about this same Alcmaeon, attributing it to Euripides. During his madness, he had two children with Manto, the daughter of Teiresias. These were Amphilocus and Tisiphone. Alcmaeon entrusted them to Creon, the king of Corinth, who raised them. Creon's wife, however, feared that he might marry Tisiphone because of her great beauty, and sold the girl as a slave. Through a great coincidence, it was Alcmaeon who purchased her and kept her as his handmaid, not knowing who she was. When he returned to Corinth to fetch his children, her identity was somehow revealed, and Amphilocus went on to colonize Amphilochian Argos.^[15] This story was probably the subject of Euripides lost "Alcaemaon in Corinth," which was produced posthumously.^[16] Whether the story was invented for this play is unclear. The epic poem "Alcmaeonis," as well as the "Alcmaeon" of Sophocles, and those of Agathon and Achaeus, have all been lost. A statue of Euripides Euripides (Greek: Ευριπίδης) (c. ... Manto may mean: Saadat Hasan Manto, an Urdu short_story writer Manto, the daughter of Tiresias and Mopsus in Greek mythology Mantophasmatodea, an order of carnivorous insect discovered in 2002 This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... In Greek mythology, Tiresias was a blind prophet, the son of the shepherd Everes and the nymph Chariclo. ... Tisiphone can mean:- Two figures in Greek mythology:- One of the Erinyes (or Furies). ... In Greek mythology, Creon, or Kreon (ruler), son of Menoeceus, was the father of Haemon and husband of Eurydice. ... Temple of Apollo at Corinth Corinth, or Korinth (Κόρινθος) is a Greek city, on the Isthmus of Corinth, the original isthmus, the narrow stretch of land that joins the Peloponnesus to the mainland of Greece. ... Sophocles, as depicted in the Nordisk familjebok. ... Agathon (c. ... In Greek mythology and history, Achaeus is the name of several individuals. ...

Notes

1. ^ Albert S. Lyons, M.D., F.A.C.S., R. Joseph Petrucelli,II, M.D., Medicine: An Illustrated History, pp. 187, 192
2. ^ Pindar. Pythian Odes. 8.40-48
3. ^ Apollodorus, Library, 3.7.2
4. ^ Gantz, Timothy. Early Greek Myth. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1993, p.524
5. ^ Gantz, Timothy. Early Greek Myth. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1993, p.525
6. ^ Apollodorus, Library, 7.2.5
7. ^ Apollodorus, Library, 7.2.5
8. ^ Apollodorus, Library, 7.2.5
9. ^ Pausanius. Description of Greece. 8.24.8
10. ^ Apollodorus, Library, 3.7.3-8
11. ^ Pausanius, Description of Greece, 8.24.8-10
12. ^ Thoucydides. The Peloponnesian War. 2.102.5
13. ^ Apollodorus. Library. 3.7.5
14. ^ Apollodorus, Library. 3.7.6
15. ^ Apollodorus. Library. 3.7.7
16. ^ Gantz, Timothy. Early Greek Myth. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1993, p.526