NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Aldeigja

Coordinates: 59°59′N 32°18′E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Staraya Ladoga (Russian: Ста́рая Ла́дога), or Aldeigjuborg of Norse sagas, is a village (selo) in Volkhovsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Volkhov River near Lake Ladoga. The village used to be a prosperous trading outpost in the 8th and 9th centuries. A multi-ethnic settlement, it was dominated by Scandinavians who took on the name of Rus and for that reason is sometimes called the first capital of Russia. Staraja Ladoga: Fortress (Staroladozhskaja krepost). Shot made by Vladimir V. Medeiko. ... Staraja Ladoga: Fortress (Staroladozhskaja krepost). Shot made by Vladimir V. Medeiko. ... Excerpt NjÃ¥ls saga in the MÃ¶Ã°ruvallabÃ³k (AM 132 folio 13r) circia 1350. ... Types of settlements in Russia, Soviet Union, and some other post-Soviet states have certain peculiarities with respect to the English language traditions. ... A village is a human residential settlement commonly found in rural areas. ... Leningrad Oblast (Russian: , tr. ... Volkhov River, also called Olhava river (Russian: Ð’Ð¾ÌÐ»Ñ…Ð¾Ð²) is a river in Novgorod and Leningrad Oblasts in Russia. ... Map of lake Ladoga Towpath Bridge between Lake Ladoga and Lake Onega (from a photograph taken ca. ... Originally Rus (Ð ÑƒÑÑŒ, Rusâ€™) was a medieval country and state that comprised mostly Early East Slavs. ...

Origin and name

Dendrochronology suggests that Ladoga was founded in 753. Until 950, it was one of the most important trading ports of Eastern Europe. Merchant vessels sailed from the Baltic Sea through Ladoga to Novgorod and then to Constantinople or the Caspian Sea. This route is known as the Trade Route from the Varangians to the Greeks. An alternative way led down the Volga River along the Volga trade route to the Khazar capital of Atil, and then to the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, all the way to Baghdad. Tellingly, the oldest Arabian Middle Age coin in Europe was unearthed in Ladoga. The growth rings of an unknown tree species, at Bristol Zoo, England Pinus taeda Cross section showing annual rings, Cheraw, South Carolina Pine stump showing growth rings Dendrochronology or tree-ring dating is the method of scientific dating based on the analysis of tree-ring growth patterns. ... Events Synod of Constantinople called by Emperor Constantine V. Samarkand conquered by Arabs. ... Events World Population: 250 Million. ... Regions of Europe as delineated by the United Nations (UN definition of Eastern Europe marked salmon): Northern Europe Western Europe Eastern Europe Southern Europe Pre-1989 division between the West (grey) and Eastern Bloc (orange) superimposed on current national boundaries: Russia (dark orange), other countries of the former USSR (medium... The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53Â°N to 66Â°N latitude and from 20Â°E to 26Â°E longitude. ... Velikiy Novgorod (Russian: ) is the foremost historic city of North-Western Russia, situated on the M10(E95) federal highway connecting Moscow and St. ... Map of Constantinople. ... The Caspian Sea is the largest lake on Earth by both area and volume,[1] with a surface area of 371,000 square kilometres (143,244 miÂ²) and a volume of 78,200 cubic kilometres (18,761 miÂ³).[2] It is a landlocked endorheic body of water and lies between... The Trade Route from the Varangians to the Greeks (ÐŸÑƒÑ‚ÑŒ Â«Ð¸Ð· Ð²Ð°Ñ€ÑÐ³ Ð² Ð³Ñ€ÐµÐºÐ¸Â» in Russian) was a trade route, which connected Scandinavia, Kievan Rus and the Byzantine Empire. ... The Volga, widely viewed as the national river of Russia, flows through the western part of the country. ... In the Middle Ages, the Volga trade route connected Northern Europe and Northwestern Russia with the Caspian Sea. ... The Khazars were a Turkic semi-nomadic people from Central Asia who adopted Judaism. ... Atil, also spelled Itil (literally meaning Big River), was the capital of Khazaria from the middle of the 8th century until the end of the 10th century. ... The Caspian Sea is the largest lake on Earth by both area and volume,[1] with a surface area of 371,000 square kilometres (143,244 miÂ²) and a volume of 78,200 cubic kilometres (18,761 miÂ³).[2] It is a landlocked endorheic body of water and lies between... Baghdad (Arabic ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ... The Arabian Peninsula The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: Ø´Ø¨Ù‡ Ø§Ù„Ø¬Ø²ÙŠØ±Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ©, or Ø¬Ø²ÙŠØ±Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨) is a peninsula in Southwest Asia at the junction of Africa and Asia consisting mainly of desert. ... Middle age is a non-specific stage in life when a person is neither young nor old, but somewhere in between. ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ...

Old Ladoga's inhabitants were Norsemen, Finns, and Slavs, hence different names for the city. The original Finnish name, Alode-joki (i.e., "lowland river"), was rendered as Aldeigja in Norse language and as Ladoga (Ладога) in Old East Slavic. For other uses of the term Norse, see Norse. ... The Slavic peoples are the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe. ... A North Germanic language is any of several Germanic languages spoken in Scandinavia, parts of Finland and on the islands west of Scandinavia. ... Ladoga may refer to one of the following. ... Note: This page contains phonetic information presented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) using Unicode. ...

Ladoga under Rurik and Rurikids

According to the Hypatian Codex, in 862 the legendary Varangian leader Rurik arrived to Ladoga and made it his capital. Rurik's successors later moved to Novgorod and then to Kiev, thus laying foundations for the powerful state of Kievan Rus. There are several huge kurgans, or royal funerary barrows, at the outskirts of Ladoga. One of them is said to be Rurik's grave, and another one—that of his successor Oleg. The Heimskringla and other Norse sources mention that in the late 990s Eiríkr Hákonarson of Norway raided the coast and set the town ablaze. Ladoga was the most important trading center in Eastern Europe from about 800 to 900 CE, and it is estimated that between 90 to 95% of all Arab dirhams found in Sweden passed through Ladoga. St. ... St. ... The Hypatian Codex (Hypatian Chronicle, Ipatiev Chronicle, Russian: ) is a compendium of three chronicles: Primary Chronicle, Kiev Chronicle, and Halych-Volhynian Chronicle. ... Events Rurik gained control of Novgorod. ... The Varangians (Russian: Variags, Ð’Ð°Ñ€ÑÐ³Ð¸) were Scandinavians who travelled eastwards, mainly from Jutland and Sweden. ... Rurik or Riurik (Russian: , Old East Norse RÃ¸rik, meaning famous ruler) (ca 830 â€“ ca 879) was a Varangian who gained control of Ladoga in 862 and built the Holmgard settlement (Ryurikovo Gorodishche) in Novgorod. ... Location Map of Ukraine with Kiev highlighted. ... Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Ру́сь, Kievskaya Rus in Russian; Київська Русь, Kyivs’ka Rus’ in Ukrainian) was the early, mostly East Slavic¹ state dominated by the... Kurgan is a TÃ¼rkic word for tumulus, burial mound or barrow, heaped over a burial chamber, or a kurgan cenotaph. ... Prince Oleg (Old Norse name Helgi, Khazarian form: Helgu) was a Varangian ruler who moved the capital of Rus from Novgorod the Great to Kiev. ... Heimskringla is the Old Norse name of a collection of sagas recorded in Iceland around 1225 by the poet and historian Snorri Sturluson (1179-1242). ... Erics victory in the battle of Svolder was his most celebrated achievement. ...

Ladoga's next mention in chronicles is dated to 1019, when Ingigerd of Sweden married Yaroslav of Novgorod. Under the terms of their marriage settlement, Yaroslav ceded Ladoga to his wife, who appointed her father's cousin, the Swedish earl Ragnvald Ulfsson, to rule the town. This information is confirmed by sagas and archaeological evidence, which suggests that Ladoga gradually evolved into a primarily Varangian settlement. At least two Swedish kings spent their youths in Ladoga, king Stenkil and Inge I, and possibly also king Anund Gårdske. Events Toi invasion: Jurchen pirates invade Kyushu. ... Ingegerd Olofsdotter, born 1001 in Sigtuna, Sweden, was the daughter of Swedish King Olof Skötkonung. ... Mikhail Gerasimovs reconstruction of Yaroslavs appearance, based on his examination of Yaroslavs skull Yaroslav I the Wise (c. ... For people, see Earl (given name) and Earl (surname). ... Ragnvald Ulfsson the Old, Jarl of Westrogothia ca 1010-1020, and later of Staraja Ladoga and Ingria. ... Stenkil (Old Norse Steinkel) (1028â€“1066) was a Jarl and King of Sweden from 1060 to his death. ... ... Anund GÃ¥rdske came from Kievan Rus, but is only mentioned by Adam of Bremen. ...

In the 12th and 13th centuries, Ladoga functioned as a vital trade outpost of the powerful Novgorod Republic. The Novgorodians built there a citadel with five towers and several churches. The fortress was rebuilt at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries, while the mid-12th-century churches of St. George and of Mary's Assumption stand in all their original glory. Inside St. George's, some magnificent 12th-century frescoes are still visible. (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... Medieval walls of Novgorod City The Novgorod Feudal Republic (ÐÐ¾Ð²Ð³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð´ÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ñ„ÐµÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð°Ñ Ñ€ÐµÑÐ¿ÑƒÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐ° or Novgorodskaya feodalnaya respublika in Russian) was a powerful medieval state which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains between the 12th and 15th century. ... This article is about a type of fortification. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... Fresco by Dionisius representing Saint Nicholas. ...

Sights and landmarks

In 1703, Peter the Great founded the town of Novaya Ladoga (New Ladoga) closer to the bank of Lake Ladoga. The ancient fortress thenceforth declined and came to be known as Old Ladoga, in order to distinguish it from the new town. Image File history File links Ladoga1911. ... Image File history File links Ladoga1911. ... Events February 2 - Earthquake in Aquila, Italy February 4 - In Japan, the 47 samurai commit seppuku (ritual suicide) February 14 - Earthquake in Norcia, Italy April 21 - Company of Quenching of Fire (ie. ... Peter was a tall figure, with an extremely striking build of 2. ... Novaya Ladoga (Russian: ) is a town in Volkhovsky District, Leningrad Oblast, Russia. ...

The heart of Staraya Ladoga is an old fortress where the Yelena River flows into the Volkhov River. In earlier times, it was a strategic site because it was the only possible harbour for sea-vessels that could not navigate through the Volkhov River.

Apart from the churches mentioned above, there is a mid-12th century church of St. Climent, which stands in ruins. There is also a monastery, dedicated to St. Nicholas and constructed mainly in the 17th century. Monastery of St. ... Saint Nicholas (Greek: , Nikolaos, victory of the people) is the common name for Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, who had a reputation for secret gift-giving, but is now commonly identified with Santa Claus. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ...

See also

External links

Categories: Viking Age | Rural localities in Leningrad Oblast | Novgorod Republic | Hanseatic League | Archaeological sites in Russia | Defunct towns in Russia | 753 establishments The Viking Age is the name of the period between 793 and 1066 AD in Scandinavia and Britain, following the Germanic Iron Age (and the Vendel Age in Sweden). ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1536x2048, 611 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Longship Viking Gokstad ship Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Kaupang is the name of a town with roots from the Viking Age, situated in Vestfold county in Norway. ... Lindholm HÃ¸je, June 2004, view overlooking NÃ¸rresundby and across the Limfjord to Aalborg Lindholm HÃ¸je (trans: the rise of Lindholm) is a major Viking burial site and former settlement situated to the north of and overlooking the city of Aalborg. ... Hedeby (Haithabu in Old Norse; Heidiba in Latin; in Germany the name Haithabu is frequently used) was a Danish settlement and trading centre on the southern Baltic Sea coast of the Jutland Peninsula at the head of a narrow, navigable inlet, the Schlei (Danish: Slien) in the province of Schleswig... Ribe Cathedral in Ribe, Denmark. ... Location in Sweden During the Viking Age, Birka or Birca , on the island of BjÃ¶rkÃ¶ (also BierkÃ¸, literally: Birch Island) in Sweden, was an important trading center which handled goods from Scandinavia as well as Central and Eastern Europe and the Orient. ... Sigtuna is a city in central Sweden in the metropolitan area of Stockholm. ... KÃ¶pingsvik is a village on the Swedish island province of Oelandia. ... Reric (also Rerik) was an old Slav trading settlement, probably on the coast of the Baltic Sea. ... View on Cape Arkona Cape Arkona is a cape on the island of RÃ¼gen in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. ... Wolin is the name shared by an island located in the Baltic Sea located just off the Polish coast, and a town located on the island. ... Truso, situated on Lake Druzno, was an Old Prussian (Pomesanian) town near the Baltic Sea just east of the Vistula River. ... Mokhovoye (Russian: ; German: ; Lithuanian: ) is a rural settlement in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located at the south-western corner of the Curonian Lagoon, near Zelenogradsk. ... GrobiÅ†a is a town in western Latvia. ... Vanaja is an old name of a late municipality in central Tavastia, Finland, about 100 kilometers north of Helsinki. ... Nicholas Roerich. ... Velikiy Novgorod (Russian: ) is the foremost historic city of North-Western Russia. ... Gnezdovo or Gnyozdovo (Russian: ) is an archeological site located near the village of Gnyozdovo in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. ... One of the excavators of Sarskoe was Nicholas Roerich. ... Timerevo (Russian: Ð¢Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑ€Ñ‘Ð²Ð¾, Timeryovo) is an archaeological site near the village Bolshoe Timeryovo, seven kilometers southwest of Yaroslavl, which yielded the largest deposits of early medieval Arabic coins in Northern Europe. ...

Contents

Origin and name GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Ladoga under Rurik and Rurikids

Sights and landmarks

See also

External links

Origin and name