Aleksander Kwaśniewski (pronounced: [alεk'sandεr kʋaɕɲefskʲi]) is a Polish politician and the current President of Poland. He was born on November 15, 1954 in Białogard. During the communist era he was active in the communist Socialist Union of Polish Students (Socjalistyczny Związek Studentów Polskich, SZSP) and was sports minister in the 1980s. He was also a former leader of the left-wing Socjaldemokracja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, successor to the former ruling Polish United Workers Party, and later of the Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej (Democratic Left Alliance). Aleksander Kwasniewski (http://www. ... December 23 is the 357th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (358th in leap years). ... 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A journalist is a person who practices journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events, trends, issues and people. ... A political party is a political organization that subscribes to a certain ideology and seeks to attain political power within a government. ... Alliance of the Democratic Left ( Polish: Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej, SLD) is one of the main Polish social democratic political parties, established on April 15, 1999. ... A First Lady is the female spouse of an elected male head of state such as a President, Prime Minister, Premier or Governor. ... Jolanta Kwaśniewska Jolanta Kwaśniewska (born on June 3, 1955) in the family of Anna and Julian Konty, Jolanta Kwaśniewska grew up in Gdańsk where she also graduated from the Faculty of Law at the University of Gdańsk. ... November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 46 days remaining. ... 1954 was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... The International Phonetic Alphabet is a phonetic alphabet used by linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes) the human vocal apparatus can produce. ... The purpose of this page is to lay out our policies for handling sounds, and give people some useful information for handling sound files. ... Following are the successive heads of state of Poland. ... November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 46 days remaining. ... 1954 was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... This article is about communism as a form of society built around a gift economy, as an ideology that advocates that form of society, and as a popular movement. ... Events and trends The 1980s marked an abrupt shift towards more conservative lifestyles after the momentous cultural revolutions which took place in the 1960s and 1970s and the definition of the AIDS virus in 1981. ... Socjaldemokracja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej was a social-democratic (post-Commumist) political party in Poland created after the fall of Communism. ... The Polish United Workers Party (PUWP; in Polish, Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza, PZPR), was the governing political party in communist-ruled Poland from its creation (through a fusion of the communist Polish Workers Party and the left wing of the Polish Socialist Party) in December 1948 until the regimes... Alliance of the Democratic Left ( Polish: Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej, SLD) is one of the main Polish social democratic political parties, established on April 15, 1999. ...

Kwaśniewski was elected president in 1995, defeating the incumbent, Lech Wałęsa. He was re-elected to a second and final term as president in 2000 in a decisive first-round victory. 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lech Wałęsa (pronounced , born September 29, 1943, Popowo, Poland) was an Polish electrician, a trade union activist, a human rights activist and a politician. ... 2000 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

He married lawyer Jolanta Kwaśniewska in 1979. They have a daughter, Aleksandra, born in 1981. Kwaśniewski has stated on several occasions that he is an atheist. Jolanta Kwaśniewska Jolanta Kwaśniewska (born on June 3, 1955) in the family of Anna and Julian Konty, Jolanta Kwaśniewska grew up in Gdańsk where she also graduated from the Faculty of Law at the University of Gdańsk. ... 1979 is a common year starting on Monday. ... 1981 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For information about the band, see Atheist (band). ...

1973–1991: Early political career

In the years 1973 to 1977, Aleksander Kwaśniewski studied transport economics and foreign trade at the University of Gdańsk, though he never graduated. He became politically active at this time, and joined the ruling Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) in 1977, remaining a member until it was dissolved in 1990. An activist in the communist student movement until 1982, he held, among other positions, the chairmanship of the University Council of the Socialist Union of Polish Students (SZSP) from 1976 to 1977 and the vice-chairmanship of the Gdańsk Voivodship Union from 1977 to 1979. Kwaśniewski was a member of the SZSP supreme authorities from 1977 to 1982. From November 1981 to February 1984 he was the editor-in-chief of the student weekly ITD, then editor-in-chief of the daily Sztandar Młlodych from 1984 to 1985. He was a co-founder of the first computer-science periodical in Poland, Bajtek, in 1985. 1973 was a common year starting on Monday. ... 1977 was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1977 calendar). ... History The university was established in 1970 by the amalgamation of the Higher School of Economics in Sopot (existing since 1945) and Gdańsk College of Education (formed in 1946). ... The Polish United Workers Party (PUWP; in Polish, Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza, PZPR), was the governing political party in communist_ruled Poland from its creation (through a fusion of the communist Polish Workers Party and the left wing of the Polish Socialist Party) in December 1948 until the regimes electoral... 1977 was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1977 calendar). ... 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1982 is a number and represents a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar Events January January 6 - William Bonin is convicted of being the freeway killer. January 8 - AT&T agrees to divest itself of twenty-two subdivisions January 11 - Mark Thatcher, son of the British Prime... 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1977 was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1977 calendar). ... Gdańsk Voivodship (1) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in years 1975-1998, superseded by Pomeranian Voivodship. ... 1977 was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1977 calendar). ... 1979 is a common year starting on Monday. ... 1982 is a number and represents a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar Events January January 6 - William Bonin is convicted of being the freeway killer. January 8 - AT&T agrees to divest itself of twenty-two subdivisions January 11 - Mark Thatcher, son of the British Prime... 1981 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1985 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

From 1985 to 1987, Kwaśniewski was Minister for Youth Affairs in the Zbigniew Messner government, and then Chairman of the Committee for Youth and Physical Culture till June 1990. He joined the government of Mieczysłlaw Rakowski, first as a cabinet minister and then as chairman of the government Social-Political Committee from October 1988 to September 1989. A participant in the Round-Table negotiations, he co-chaired the task group for trade-union pluralism with Tadeusz Mazowiecki and Romuald Sosnowski. As the PZPR was wound up, he became a founding member of the Social Democratic Party of the Republic of Poland from January to February 1990, and its first chairman until he assumed the presidency in December 1995. He was also one of the founding members of the Democratic Left Alliance in 1991. 1987 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Zbigniew Messner (b. ... 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mieczysław Rakowski (b. ... 1988 is a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1989 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Round-table negotiations. ... Tadeusz Mazowiecki (born April 18, 1927 in Płock) is a Polish author, journalist, social worker and politician, formerly one of the leaders of the Solidarity movement, and the first non-communist prime minister in Central and Eastern Europe after World War II. Tadeusz Mazowiecki Tadeusz Mazowiecki Shortly after World War... Socjaldemokracja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej was a social-democratic (post- Commumist) political party in Poland created after the fall of Communism. ... 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Alliance of the Democratic Left (Polish: Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej, SLD) is one of the main Polish social democratic political parties, established on April 15, 1999. ... 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

A sports enthusiast, Kwaśniewski was an activist in the Student Sports Union from 1975 to 1979 and the Polish Olympic Committee (PKOL); he later served as PKOL president from 1988 to 1991. 1975 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... 1979 is a common year starting on Monday. ...

1991–1995: Parliamentary terms

Running for the Sejm from the Warsaw constituency in 1991, he won the largest number of votes (148,533). Kwaśniewski headed the parliamentary caucus of the Democratic Left Alliance in his first and second terms (1991-1995). He was a member of the Foreign Affairs Committee and chairman of the Constitutional Committee of the National Assembly from November 1993 to November 1995. This article is about the lower chamber of Polish parliament. ... Warsaw (Polish: Warszawa, see also other names, in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city. ... 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

1995–2005: Presidency

In an often bitter campaign, Aleksander Kwaśniewski won the presidential election in 1995, collecting 51.7 percent of votes in the run-off, against 48.3 percent for the incumbent, Lech Wałęsa, the former Solidarity leader. Kwaśniewski's campaign slogans were "Let's choose the future" (Wybierzmy przyszłość) and "A Poland for all" (Wspólna Polska). Political opponents disputed his victory, claiming that he had lied about his education in registration documents, implying that he had graduated from university; a court challenge proved unsuccesful. 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Run-off or runoff may refer to one of the following. ... Lech Wałęsa (pronounced , born September 29, 1943, Popowo, Poland) was an Polish electrician, a trade union activist, a human rights activist and a politician. ... Solidarity (Polish Solidarność) is a Polish trade union federation founded in September 1980, originally led by Lech Wałęsa. ...

Kwaśniewski took the presidential oath of office on December 23, 1995. Later the same day, he was sworn in as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces at the Warszawa First Fighter Wing, in Mińsk Mazowiecki. An oath of office is an oath or affirmation a person takes before officially assuming an office. ... December 23 is the 357th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (358th in leap years). ... 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mińsk Mazowiecki is a town in central Poland with 35,000 inhabitants (1995). ...

Kwaśniewski with his wife Jolanta Kwaśniewska and Pope John Paul II.

Despite the polarization brought about by his election, and opposition fears that a Kwaśniewski presidency would signal a return to communism, he proved a surprisingly popular leader. His political course resembled that of Wałęsa's in several key respects, such as the pursuit of closer ties to the European Union and NATO, and the transition to a market economy and the privatization of state-owned enterprises, but he was able to avoid the conflicts with the Sejm that had often characterized his predecessor's term of office. This work is copyrighted. ... This work is copyrighted. ... Jolanta Kwaśniewska Jolanta Kwaśniewska (born on June 3, 1955) in the family of Anna and Julian Konty, Jolanta Kwaśniewska grew up in Gdańsk where she also graduated from the Faculty of Law at the University of Gdańsk. ... The Servant of God Pope John Paul II (Latin: ), born Karol Józef Wojtyła [1] (May 18, 1920–April 2, 2005), reigned as pope of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City for almost 27 years, from 16 October 1978 until his death in 2005. ... This article is about communism as a form of society built around a gift economy, as an ideology that advocates that form of society, and as a popular movement. ... The flag of NATO NATO 2002 Summit The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), sometimes called North Atlantic Alliance, Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for defence collaboration established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, D.C., on April 4, 1949. ... A market economy is a term used to describe an economy where economic decisions, such as pricing of goods and services, are made in a decentralized manner by the economys participants and manifested by trade. ... Privatization (sometimes privatisation, denationalization, or, especially in India, disinvestment) is the process of transferring property, from public ownership to private ownership and/or transferring the management of a service or activity from the government to the private sector. ... This article is about the lower chamber of Polish parliament. ...

An initial success of Kwaśniewski's was his ability to bring about a new Constitution of Poland to replace the modified Stalinist document then still in use. The failure to create a new document had been a criticism often leveled at Wałęsa. Kwaśniewski actively campaigned for its approval in the subsequent referendum, and he signed it into law on July 16, 1997. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997 was Polands first post-communist constitution. ... Iosif (usually anglicized as Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili (Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვილი; see Other names section) (December 21, 1879[1] – March 5, 1953) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and leader of the Soviet Union. ... July 16 is the 197th day (198th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 168 days remaining. ... 1997 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Kwaśniewski took an active part in the efforts to secure Polish membership of NATO. He headed Poland's delegation at the 1997 Madrid summit, where Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary were promised membership; and the Washington summit, where on February 26, 1999, during the Kosovo conflict, which he supported, he signed the instruments ratifying Poland's membership of NATO. He also took active part in promoting further enlargement of the alliance, speaking out in favor of membership for a further seven states (see Prague summit) and the open-door policy that leaves open the option of further members. He was an author of the 2002 Riga Initiative, a forum for cooperation between Central European states, aimed towards further enlargement of NATO and the European Union. The flag of NATO NATO 2002 Summit The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), sometimes called North Atlantic Alliance, Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for defence collaboration established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, D.C., on April 4, 1949. ... 1997 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 26 is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1999 is a common year starting on Friday of the Common Era, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts (a civil war followed by an international war) in the southern Serbian province called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia), part of the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ... 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Historical lands and provinces in Central Europe Central Europe is the region of Europe between Eastern Europe and Western Europe. ...

Kwaśniewski with the former President of the Czech Republic, Vaclav Havel.

Kwaśniewski and Wałęsa shaking hands at John Paul II's funderal, in the center Tadeusz Mazowiecki.

An advocate of regional cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe, Kwaśniewski hosted a summit of the region's leaders at Łańcut in 1996. Speaking out against the danger organized crime posed to the region, he submitted a draft of a convention on fighting organised crime to the UN in 1996. He was an active participant at meetings of regional leaders in Portorož in 1997, Levoča in 1998, and Lviv and Yalta in 1999. After a history of sometimes acrimonious relations with Lithuania, Kwaśniewski was a driving force behind the presidential summit in Vilnius in 1997, at which the two countries' presidents signed a treaty of friendship. Poland subsequently became one of the strongest advocates of Lithuanian membership in NATO and the European Union. This work is copyrighted. ... This work is copyrighted. ... Václav Havel [VAWTS-lav HA-vel] (born October 5, 1936) is a Czech writer and dramatist. ... This work is copyrighted. ... This work is copyrighted. ... Tadeusz Mazowiecki (born April 18, 1927 in Płock) is a Polish author, journalist, social worker and politician, formerly one of the leaders of the Solidarity movement, and the first non-communist prime minister in Central and Eastern Europe after World War II. Tadeusz Mazowiecki Tadeusz Mazowiecki Shortly after World War... Categories: Poland-related stubs | Towns in Poland ... 1996 is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... Organized crime is crime carried out systematically by formal criminal organizations. ... This article is about the United Nations, for other uses of UN see UN (disambiguation) Official languages English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic Secretary-General Kofi Annan (since 1997) Established October 24, 1945 Member states 191 Headquarters New York City, NY, USA Official site http://www. ... 1996 is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... Portorož (Portorose in Italian, literally Port of Roses) is a coastal town in Slovenia and one of the countrys largest tourist areas. ... 1997 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Levoča (Hungarian: Lőcse, German: Leutschau) is a town in the Spiš region of eastern Slovakia with a population of 14,000. ... 1998 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... Motto: Semper fidelis Oblast Lviv Oblast Municipal government City council (Львівська міська рада) Mayor City chairman Lyubomyr Bunyak Area 171,01 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 808,900 ? 4786/km² Founded City rights 13th century 1353 Latitude Longitude 49°51′ N 24°01′ E Area code +0322 Car plates  ? Twin... Yalta is a town in the Crimea in southern Ukraine, on the north coast of the Black Sea, that was the site of the Yalta Conference. ... 1999 is a common year starting on Friday of the Common Era, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... Vilnius Old Town Vilnius (sometimes also Vilna in English, Belarusian Вільня, Polish Wilno, Russian Вильнюс, German Wilna, see also Cities alternative names) is the capital and largest city of Lithuania with population in excess of 540 thousand (in 2003). ... The flag of NATO NATO 2002 Summit The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), sometimes called North Atlantic Alliance, Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for defence collaboration established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, D.C., on April 4, 1949. ...

In 2000 he was re-elected in the first round of voting, collecting 53.9 percent of the vote. His election campaign slogan was: "A home for all—Poland" (Dom wszystkich—Polska). On December 23, 2000 he took office for the second term. 2000 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 23 is the 357th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (358th in leap years). ... 2000 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, Kwaśniewski organized an international conference in Warsaw, with participation of leaders from Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe to strengthen regional activities in fighting international terrorism. Under Kwaśniewski's leadership, Poland became a strong ally of the United States in the war on terror, and contributed troops in the Iraq War, a move that was highly controversial in Poland. Poland was in charge of a sector of Iraq after the removal of Saddam Hussein. The September 11, 2001 attacks were a series of coordinated Islamist terrorist attacks carried out in the United States on Tuesday, September 11, 2001. ... World map showing location of Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... The War on terrorism or War on terror is a global effort by the governments of several countries (primarily the United States and its principal allies) to neutralize international groups it deems as terrorist (primarily radical Islamist terrorist groups, including al-Qaida) and insure rogue nations no longer support terrorist... This article deals with the post-invasion period in Iraq and its occupation. ... Saddam Hussein Saddām Hussein ʻAbd al-Majīd al-Tikrīt, also spelled Husayn or Hussain; Arabic صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي; born April 28, 1937 1) was President of Iraq from 1979 until 2003. ...

Polish membership of the European Union became a reality on May 1, 2004, during Kwaśniewski's second term. Both he and his wife Jolanta had campaigned for approval of the EU accession treaty in June 2003. May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jolanta Kwaśniewska Jolanta Kwaśniewska (born on June 3, 1955) in the family of Anna and Julian Konty, Jolanta Kwaśniewska grew up in Gdańsk where she also graduated from the Faculty of Law at the University of Gdańsk. ... 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Awards

Aleksander Kwaśniewski was honored with the following decorations:

• Knight of the Order of the White Eagle (ex officio)
  

  President Kwaśniewski greets President of the USA George Bush.
• Lithuania's Order of Vytautas the Great, 1st grade (1996) and the Order of Grand Lithuanian Duke Gedyminas, 1st grade;
• Great Britain's Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (March 1996) and the Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George (October 1996)
• Italy's Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (1996)
• France's Grand Cross of the Order of the Legion of Honour (1996)
• Norway's Royal Order of Saint Olaf (1996)
• Greece's Grand Cross of the Order of the Saviour (1996)
• Latvia's Order of Three Stars (1997)
• Finland's Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose of Finland with Collar (1997)
• Malaysia's Royal Order of Merit (1997)
• Ukraine's Order of Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class (1997)
• Portugal's Order of Infant Henry with Grand Ribbon (1997)
• Estonia's Grand Cross with the Ribbon of Terra Mariana (1998)
  

  Kwaśniewski (between Leonid Kuchma and the new President Viktor Yushchenko) during Round table talks in Ukraine.
• Romania's Order of the Star of Romania with Ribbon (1999)
• Chile's Grand Chain of the Order of Merit (1999)
• Belgium's Grand Ribbon of the Order of Leopold (1999)
• Turkey's Order of the Republic (2000)
• Croatia's Great Order of King Tomislav with the Ribbon and Great Star (2001)
• Spain's Order of Catholic Isabelle with Chain (2001)
• Brazil's National Order of Southern Cross (2002)
• Peru's Special Grand Cross of the Order of Merit (2002)
• Germany's Grand Cross of Merit (2002)
• Japan's Grand Ribbon of the Great Order of Chrysanthemum
• International: Order of Smile
• International: Golden Olympic Order of the International Olympic Committee in (1998)
• International: Golden Order of Merit of the International Amateur Athletic Federation (1999)
• International: Order of Merit of the European Olympic Committee (2000)

He was also awarded the highest distinction of the Polish Orthodox Church, The Order of Saint Magdalena, first degree with decorations (1998). He also received the television "Wiktor" prizes in 1993, 1995, and 2000. Order. ... Aleksander Kwasniewski: Approaching the podium, President Kwasniewski greets President Bush. ... Aleksander Kwasniewski: Approaching the podium, President Kwasniewski greets President Bush. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician and the 43rd (current) president of the United States. ... Download high resolution version (2048x1365, 332 KB)Round table talks in the Mariyinsky Palace in Kiev, November 26, 2004. ... Download high resolution version (2048x1365, 332 KB)Round table talks in the Mariyinsky Palace in Kiev, November 26, 2004. ... Leonid Kuchma Leonid Danylovych Kuchma (Леонід Кучма) (born August 9, 1938) was the second President of Ukraine from July 19, 1994 to January 23, 2005. ... Viktor Andriyovych Yushchenko (Ukrainian: Віктор Андрійович Ющенко) (born 23 February 1954) is the president of Ukraine. ... Polish Round Table, 1989 A round table is one which has no head and no sides, and therefore no one person sitting at it is given a privileged position and all are treated as equals. ... Order of Smile, designed by 9-year-old Ewa Chrobak The Order of Smile is awarded to adults distinguished in their love, care and aid for children. ... The International Olympic Committee is an organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin in 1894 to reinstate the Ancient Olympic Games held in Greece, and organise this sports event every four years. ... The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) is the international governing body for the sport of athletics (known in the US as track and field). It was founded in 1912 at its first Congress in Stockholm, Sweden by representatives from 17 national athletics federations as the International Amateur Athletics Federation. ... The Autocephalous Church of Poland (AKA The Polish Orthodox Church) is one of the independent Orthodox churches. ...

See also

• Presidents of Poland
• Polish presidential election, 2005

Following are the successive heads of state of Poland. ... Presidential elections will be held in Poland on October 9, 2005. ...

External links

• http://www.president.pl/x.node?id=479 President of the Republic of Poland official site Polish, English)

Lech Wałęsa (pronounced , born September 29, 1943, Popowo, Poland) was an Polish electrician, a trade union activist, a human rights activist and a politician. ... Following are the successive heads of state of Poland. ...