A member of the Communist Youth Union, Zawadzki went into exile in the Soviet Union in 1931, after spending six years in prison for "subversive activities." He returned to Poland in 1939, just before the outbreak of World War II, but was immediately arrested. Freed from prison by the Soviet invasion of the country, Zawazki eventually joined the Soviet-organized Polish Army, rising to the rank of general.
Upon the liberation of Poland, he was appointed the new government's representative to the former German territory of Silesia, which was transferred to Poland after the war. He was elected to the Sejm in 1947, and on November 20, 1952 he was appointed president of Poland, to replace Boleslaw Bierut. He died of cancer in 1964.
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