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Encyclopedia > Aleksandr Fyodorovich Middendorf

Alexander Theodor (Aleksandr Fyodorovich) Middendorf (or Middendorff) (August 6, 1815 - January 16, 1894) was a Russian zoologist and explorer of German origin.


Middendorf was born in Saint Petersburg, where he received his early education. He then studied for a medical degree at the University of Tartu, graduating in 1837. He undertook further studies at Berlin, Erlangen, Vienna and Breslau. In 1839 he became Assistant Professor of Zoology at Kiev. Shortly afterwards he took part in Karl Ernst von Baer's expedition to the Kola Peninsula.


From 1843 to 1845 he travelled to the Taimyr Peninsula on behalf of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences. He published his findings in Reise in den äussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens (Travels in the extreme north and east of Siberia) (1848-75), which included an account of the effects of permafrost on the spread of animals and plants. He also wrote Die Isepiptesen Russlands (1855), an account of bird migration in Russia.


He died at Hellenurme, Russian Empire (now in Valga County, Estonia).


Middendorff's Grasshopper Warbler, Middendorf's Cape (Novaya Zemlya), and Middendorf's Gulf (Taymyr Peninsula) are named after him.








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He described the western coastline from the Taimyr Peninsula to the Middendorf Bay and then from the mouth of Pyasina to the mouth of the Yenisey River.
In winter of 1741-1742, he traveled from Turukhansk to the mouth of the Khatanga River, describing the northern coastline of the Taimyr Peninsula from the Cape Faddey on the East to the mouth of the Taimyra River on the West.
He was discharged from the Baltic Fleet in the rank of a captain in 1760.
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