General Brusilov at 64 (1917)

Aleksei Alekseevich Brusilov (Russian: Алексей Алексеевич Брусилов) (August 19, 1853 - March 17, 1926) was a Russian cavalry general most noted for the development of a military offensive tactic used in the Brusilov offensive of 1916. During this carefully planned and the well camouflaged preparations for the offensive Brusilov's team created innovative methods of attack that anticipated Germany's effective infiltration tactics of 1918. The Brusilov offensive by the Russian 8th Army was one of the most important Russian campaigns during World War I with Austria-Hungary losing a staggering total of 1.5 million men in its aftermath and 25,000 square kilometres of territory. Image File history File links Brusilov_in_1917. ... August 19 is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in Leap years). ... 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Combatants Russian Empire Austria-Hungary Imperial Germany Commanders Aleksei Brusilov Conrad von Hötzendorf Alexander von Linsingen Strength 40+ infantry divisions (573,000 men) 15 cavalry divisions (60,000 men) 39 infantry divisions (437,000 men) 10 Cavalry divisions (30,000 men) Casualties ~500,000 men killed and wounded 1... In warfare, infiltration tactics involve small, lightly-equipped infantry forces attacking enemy rear areas while bypassing enemy front-line strongpoints, isolating them for attack by follow-on friendly troops with heavier weapons. ... Combatants Allies: • Serbia, • Russia, • France, • Romania, • Belgium, • British Empire and Dominions, • United States, • Italy, • ...and others Central Powers: • Germany, • Austria-Hungary, • Ottoman Empire, • Bulgaria Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian dead: 3 million Total: 8 million Full list Military dead: 3 million Civilian dead: 3 million Total: 6 million Full... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ...

Brusilov was born in Tiflis (now Tbilisi, Georgia). He was educated at the Imperial Corps of Pages, and after entering the Russian Army served in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78. He was promoted to general in 1906. A firm monarchist at heart, but a patriot in practice, Brusilov served during World War I as a commander of the 8th Army, then later as a commander of the South-West Front, earning a reputation as Russia's most successful general. With the onset of revolution in Russia, Brusilov argued for the Tsar's abdication. Tbilisi (Georgian თბილისი) is the capital city of the country of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura (Mtkvari) river, at 41°43′N 44°47′E. Tbilisi is still sometimes known by its former Turkish name of Tiflis. ... The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and dominating Constantinople (Istanbul) and the adjacent Turkish Straits. ...

When Tsar Nicholas II abdicated in February 1917, the Provisional Government appointed Brusilov as Commander-in-Chief. In August that year he was dismissed, after finding himself isolated in a circle of political rivals that saw him as a traitor to the revolution. Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia Nicholas II of Russia (18 May 1868 – 17 July 1918)(in Russian Николай II (Nikolai II)) was the last crowned Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland. ... The February Revolution of 1917 in Russia was the first stage of the Russian Revolution of 1917. ... The Russian Provisional Government was formed in Petrograd after the deterioration of the Russian Empire and the abdication of the Tsars. ...

Following the 1917 October Revolution and for the duration of the Russian Civil War Brusilov remained inactive. In 1920 he entered the Red Army service. Brusilov was a patriot, and he despised the presence of the Bolsheviks in power, but he saw in them a path for the Russian nation to rise as a Greater Russia, united and indivisible. The victorious Bolsheviks did after all, during and after the civil war, forcefully bring together, the Russian borderlands under the centralised command of Moscow. This seemed to console Brusilov with the idea of joining the Red Army, as he always had postulated that sooner or later the Bolsheviks would be removed from power in favour of a stronger command with more favour from the people. Brusilov indeed, although sympathising with the White cause, did not support it because it was attacking Russia while the Red Army was opening a front against Polish invaders. He participated in the campaign against Poland, but did not occupy positions of significance, primarily serving as a military consultant and inspector of cavalry for the next four years. The October Revolution, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was the second phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, the first having been instigated by the events around the February Revolution. ... The Russian Civil War was fought from 1918 to 1922. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... The short forms Red Army and RKKA refer to the Workers and Peasants Red Army, (in Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия - Raboche-Krestyanskaya Krasnaya Armiya), the armed forces first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918. ...

After being finally allowed to retire at the age of seventy, he lived in his shared apartment with his sickly wife and another couple. He died in Moscow from heart paralysis, and was given an honorable state funeral, buried in the Novodevichy Convent, by representatives from the 'new Russia' (the Bolsheviks), and the 'old Russia' (the clergy, the remaining bourgeoisie). Brusilov's wife thought the funeral had a symbolic meaning, that the 'old Russia' was being buried by the 'new'. In any case, it was a funeral with emblems from both worlds, which successfully rounded up the feelings of this curiously mixed up man who rose to be the most successful Russian First World War general. Brusilov's war memoirs were translated into English and published in 1930 as 'A Soldier's Notebook, 1914-1918.' Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA: (help· info)) is the capital of Russia and the countrys principal political, economic, financial, educational and transportation center, located on the river Moskva. ... Novodevichy convent in summer Novodevichy Convent, also known as Bogoroditse-Smolensky Monastery (Новодевичий монастырь, Богородице-Смоленский монастырь in Russian) is probably the best-known cloister of Moscow. ...