Alexey Krylov
Alexey Krylov in the 1910s
Born	August 3, 1863 O.S. (August 15, 1863 N.S.) Simbirsk Gubernia, Russia
Died	October 26, 1945 Saint Petersburg, Russia

Alexei Nikolaevich Krylov (Russian: Алексей Николаевич Крылов) (August 15, 1863 N.S. - October 26, 1945) was a Russian Naval engineer, applied mathematician and memoirist. // Events and trends The 1910s represent the culmination of European militarism which had its beginnings during the second half of the 19th Century. ... August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. ... 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar). ... In Britain and countries of the British Empire, Old Style or O.S. after a date means that the date is in the Julian calendar, in use in those countries until 1752; New Style or N.S. means that the date is in the Gregorian calendar, adopted on 14 September... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar). ... In Britain and countries of the British Empire, Old Style or O.S. after a date means that the date is in the Julian calendar, in use in those countries until 1752; New Style or N.S. means that the date is in the Gregorian calendar, adopted on 14 September... Ulyanovsk (Улья́новск, formerlySimbirsk (Симби́рск)) is a city on the Volga River in Russia. ... Guberniya (also gubernia, guberniia, and gubernya) (Russian: губе́рния) was a major administrative subdivision of the Imperial Russia, usually translated as province or Governorate General. ... October 26 is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 66 days remaining. ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar). ... In Britain and countries of the British Empire, Old Style or O.S. after a date means that the date is in the Julian calendar, in use in those countries until 1752; New Style or N.S. means that the date is in the Gregorian calendar, adopted on 14 September... October 26 is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 66 days remaining. ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... The multinational Combined Task Force One Five Zero (CTF-150) The British Grand Fleet, the supreme naval force of World War I A rare occurrence of a 5-country multinational fleet, during Operation Enduring Freedom in the Oman Sea. ... Look up engineer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Applied mathematics is a branch of mathematics that concerns itself with the mathematical techniques typically used in the application of mathematical knowledge to other domains. ... As a literary genre, a memoir (from the Latin memoria, meaning penial) forms a subclass of autobiography, although it is an older form of writing. ...

Biography

Alexei Nikolaevich Krylov was born on August 3O.S., 1863 to a family of an Army Artillery officer in a village of the Simbirsk Gubernia in Russia. The family was poor but Alexei could get a free education as a son of army veteran. August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. ... In Britain and countries of the British Empire, Old Style or O.S. after a date means that the date is in the Julian calendar, in use in those countries until 1752; New Style or N.S. means that the date is in the Gregorian calendar, adopted on 14 September... 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar). ... Historically, artillery (from French artillerie) refers to any engine used for the discharge of projectiles during war. ... Ulyanovsk (Улья́новск, formerlySimbirsk (Симби́рск)) is a city on the Volga River in Russia. ... Guberniya (also gubernia, guberniia, and gubernya) (Russian: губе́рния) was a major administrative subdivision of the Imperial Russia, usually translated as province or Governorate General. ...

Krylov entered a Naval College({Морское училище) in 1878 and finished it with distinction in 1884. There he did his first scientific work with Ivan de Collong about Deviation of magnetic compasses. The theory of magnetic and gyro-compasses fascinated him all his life; he later published important works related to the dynamics of the magnetic compass and proposed the dromoscope, a device that automatically calculates deviation of compasses. He also was one of the pioneers of the gyrocompass, being the first who created the full theory of it. 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Magnetic deviation is the error induced in a compass by local magnetic fields, which must be allowed for if accurate bearings are to be calculated. ... Compass in a wooden box A compass (or mariners compass) is a navigational instrument for finding directions on the earth. ... Cutaway of Anschütz gyrocompass The following description refers to the gyrocompasses used on ships. ...

After spending several years at the Main Hydrographic Administration and at a shipbuilding plant (French-Russian shipbuilding company), in 1888 he continued his study in the Naval Academy in Saint Petersburg. He was a talented and promising student and after ahead-of-schedule graduation from the Academy in 1890 he could stay there as Mathematics and Ship-theory lecturer. 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... Teamwork: Fourth Class Midshipmen lock arms and use ropes made from uniform items as they brace themselves climbing the Herndon Monument The United States Naval Academy, or USNA, is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers of the United States Navy. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, known today as the father of geometry; shown here in a detail of The School of Athens by Raphael. ... Italian ship-rigged vessel Amerigo Vespucci in New York Harbor, 1976 A ship is a large, sea-going watercraft. ...

The fame came to him in the 1890s, when his pioneering Theory of oscillating motions of the ship, significantly extending William Froude's rolling theory, became internationally known. This was the first comprehensive theoretical study in the field. In 1898 Krylov received a Gold Medal from the Royal Institution of Naval Architects (it was the first time the prize was awarded to a foreigner). He also created a theory of damping of ship rolling and pitching. He was first proposed gyroscopic damping of the roll that now is the most common way of damping the roll. The hulls of swan (above) and raven (below). ... Flight dynamics is the study of orientation of air and space vehicles and how to control the critical flight parameters, typically named pitch, roll and yaw. ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Royal Institution of Naval Architects was founded in 1860 as the Institute of Naval Architects and incorporated by Royal Charter in 1910 and 1960. ... A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum. ...

Alexei Krylov with daughter Anna, later Anna Kapitsa, wife of Pyotr Kapitsa 1904

After 1900 Krylov actively collaborated with Stepan Makarov, admiral and maritime scientist, working on the ship floodability problem. The results of this work soon became classic, they are widely used nowadays over the world. Many years later, Krylov wrote about one of the early ideas of Makarov to fight the heel of a sinking ship by flooding its undamaged compartments: This appeared to be such a great nonsense [to the naval officials] that it took 35 years ...to convince [them] that the ideas of the 22-years-old Makarov are of great practical value. Semenov (on the right) and Kapitsa (on the left), portrait by Boris Kustodiev, 1921 Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (Russian Пётр Леонидович Капица) (July 9, 1894 – April 8, 1984) was a Russian physicist who discovered superfluidity with contribution from John F. Allen and Don Misener in 1937. ... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ... Stepan Osipovich Makarov (Russian: Степа́н О́сипович Мака́ров) (January 8, 1848/1849 — March 31, 1904) was a famous Russian vice-admiral, a highly accomplished and decorated commander of the... Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. ... Sea as seen from jetty in Frankston, Australia Look up Sea in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Krylov was famous for his sharp tongue and quick wits. His put downs to government and Duma officials were legendary. He also was a very capable Naval consultant. He claimed that his advises saved the government more than a cost of a dreadnaught. The sixth HMS Dreadnought of the British Royal Navy was the first battleship to have a uniform main battery, rather than having a secondary battery of smaller guns. ...

In 1917 he was a CEO of Russian society for shipbuilding and trade (Русское общество параходостроительства и торговли). After October Revolution he transferred all his ships to Soviet government and continued to work for Russian Navy. In 1921 he went to London to re-establish scientific contacts between Soviets and abroad. He works there as a representative of Soviet government. In 1927 he returned to Soviet Union. 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... The October Revolution, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution or November Revolution, was the second phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, the first having been instigated by the events around the February Revolution. ... Soviet redirects here. ... 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. ... 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Krylov is famous for his works in hydrodynamics including theory of ship moving in shallow water (he was the first to explain and calculate the significant increase of hydrodynamic resistance in shallow water) and the theory of solitons. Hydrodynamics is fluid dynamics applied to liquids, such as water, alcohol, oil, and blood. ... In mathematics and physics, a soliton is a self-reinforcing solitary wave caused by nonlinear effects in the medium. ...

Krylov wrote about 300 papers and books. They span a wide range of topics, including shipbuilding, magnetism, artillery, mathematics, astronomy, and geodesy. His floodability tables have been used worldwide. In 1904 he built the first machine in Russia for integrating ODEs. Men from Francisco de Orellanas expedition building a small brigantine, the San Pedro, to be used in the search for food Shipbuilding is the construction of ships. ... In physics, magnetism is one of the phenomena by which materials exert an attractive or repulsive force on other materials. ... Historically, artillery (from French artillerie) refers to any engine used for the discharge of projectiles during war. ... Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, known today as the father of geometry; shown here in a detail of The School of Athens by Raphael. ... A giant Hubble mosaic of the Crab Nebula. ... It has been suggested that geodetic system be merged into this article or section. ... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... In calculus, the integral of a function is a generalization of area, mass, volume and total. ... Ode is a form of stately and elaborate lyrical verse. ...

Krylov in 30-ies

In 1931 he published a paper on what is now called the Krylov subspace and Krylov subspace methods. The paper deals with eigenvalue problems, namely, with computation of the characteristic polynomial coefficients of a given matrix. Krylov is concerned with efficient computations and, as a real computational scientist, he counts the work as number of separate numerical multiplications--something not very typical for a 1931 mathematical paper. Krylov begins with a careful comparison of the existing methods that includes the worst-case-scenario estimate of the computational work in the Jacobi method. After that, he presents his own method which is superior to the known methods of that time and is still widely used. 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... An iterative method attempts to solve a problem (for example an equation or system of equations) by finding successive approximations to the solution starting from an initial guess. ... In mathematics, a number is called an eigenvalue of a matrix if there exists a nonzero vector such that the matrix times the vector is equal to the same vector multiplied by the eigenvalue. ... In linear algebra, one associates a polynomial to every square matrix, its characteristic polynomial. ... In mathematics, a matrix (plural matrices) is a rectangular table of numbers or, more generally, a table consisting of abstract quantities that can be added and multiplied. ... Karl Gustav Jacob Jacobi Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (December 10, 1804 - February 18, 1851), was not only a great German mathematician but also considered by many as the most inspiring teacher of his time (Bell, p. ...

Krylov published the first Russian translation of Isaac Newton, Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1915). Sir Isaac Newton, FRS (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727) [OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727][1] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, alchemist, and natural philosopher, regarded by many as the greatest figure in the history of science. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Alexei Nikolaevich Krylov died in Saint Petersburg (by that time Leningrad) on October 26, 1945, shortly after the end of the World War II. He is buried on the Belkovo cemetery, not far from the physiologist Ivan Pavlov and the chemist Dmitri Mendeleev. Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... October 26 is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 66 days remaining. ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... Ivan Pavlov Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (Russian: ) (September 14, 1849 – February 27, 1936) was a Russian physiologist, psychologist, and physician. ... Portrait of Dimitri Mendeleyev by Ilya Repin Dimitri Mendeleyev (Russian: , Dmitriy Ivanovich Mendeleyev  ) (8 February 1834 [O.S. 27 January] in Tobolsk – 2 February 1907 [O.S. 20 January] in Saint Petersburg), was a Russian chemist. ...

Alexei Krylov was awarded the USSR State Prize (1941) and three Orders of Lenin. He was an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1916), Hero of Socialist Labor (1943). A crater on the Moon is named after him. Stalin Prize medal State Prize medal The USSR State Prize (Russian:Госуда́рственная пре́мия СССР) was the Soviet Unions highest civilian honour. ... This article is about the year. ... The Order of Lenin (ru: Орден Ленина), named after the leader of the Russian Revolution, was the second highest national order of the Soviet Union (Highest was the Order of Victory). ... The title Academician denotes a Full Member of an art, literary, or scientific academy. ... Russian Academy of Sciences: main building Russian Academy of Sciences (Росси́йская Акаде́мия Нау́к) is the national academy of Russia. ... Hero of Socialist Labor (Герой Социалистического Труда in Russian, or Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorary title in the Soviet Union and the highest degree of distinction for exceptional achievements in national economy and culture. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Krylov is a lunar crater on the far side of the Moon. ... Bulk composition of the Moons mantle and crust estimated, weight percent Oxygen 42. ...

...In one of his autobiographical papers, Krylov describes his activity as shipbuilding, i.e. application of Mathematics to various Maritime problems...

Family

Krylov married his second cousin Elisaveta Dmitrievna Dranitsyna. His daughter Anna married famous physicist Pyotr Kapitsa. Alexei Krylov was very close to his son-in-law. Semenov (on the right) and Kapitsa (on the left), portrait by Boris Kustodiev, 1921 Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (Russian Пётр Леонидович Капица) (July 9, 1894 – April 8, 1984) was a Russian physicist who discovered superfluidity with contribution from John F. Allen and Don Misener in 1937. ...

External links

• Mike Botchev Short biography of A.N. Krylov - (Russian)
• Krylov's site - (Russian)
• Krylov Shipbuilding Research Institute official site - (Russian)/(English)