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Encyclopedia > Aleksinac
Алексинац
Aleksinac
Location in Serbia
General Information
District Nišava
Land area 707 km²
Population
(2002 census)
17,171 (town)
57,749 (municipality)
Coordinates 43°33′N, 21°42′E
Area code +381
Car plates NI
Postal code 18220
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
CEST (UTC+2)
Website
Politics
Mayor Nenad Stanković (SRS)

Aleksinac (Алексинац) is a town and municipality located in the Nišava District of Serbia. In 2002, the population of the town was 17,171, while population of the municipality was 57,749. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Subdivisions of Serbia. ... Nisava District (NiÅ¡avski okrug) The Nisava District expands in the south-eastern parts of Serbia. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... This is an alphabetical list by town of dialing codes in Serbia. ... These are the current Serbian car license plate codes by region and in alphabetical order: Obsolete licence plate codes: Categories: | ... This article or section is incomplete and may require expansion and/or cleanup. ... A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries not observing summer time Central European Time (CET) is one of the names of the time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a high-precison atomic time standard. ... Time zones of Europe: Pale colours indicate countries without daylight saving Central European Summer Time (CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a high-precison atomic time standard. ... A website (or Web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos and other digital assets and hosted on a particular domain or subdomain on the World Wide Web. ... This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers, and should be edited to rectify this. ... The Serbian Radical Party (Serbian: Српска радикална странка or Srpska radikalna stranka) is a nationalist, far-right, political party in Serbia. ... Nisava District (NiÅ¡avski okrug) The Nisava District expands in the south-eastern parts of Serbia. ... Anthem Serbia() on the European continent() Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian language 1 Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Croatian, Slovak, Romanian, Rusyn 2 Albanian, English 3 Government Parliamentary republic  -  President Boris Tadić  -  Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Establishment  -  Formation 8th century   -  First unified state c. ...

Contents

History

Prehistory and Atiquity

Territory of municipality of Aleksinac was inhabited since the neolithic age. The most settlements belong to the Vinča cultural group, and they are located on the left side of the South Morava river. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Prehistoric man. ... The times before writing belong either to protohistory or to prehistory. ... An array of Neolithic artifacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools. ... Vinča (Serbian Cyrillic: Винча) is a suburban settlement of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. ... South Morava (Serbian: ) is a river in Serbia which represents the shorter headwater of Great Morava. ...


After the fall to the Romans this territory was included in the province Upper Moesia nad after 293 AD it is in the province Mediterranian Dacia. Across the territory was made Roman Military Road (Via Militaris) that was built in I century AD. There were also two stations for rest (mansio) and change of horses (mutatio) along the road on the territory of Aleksinac: Praesidium Pompei and Rappiana. Their location is still unknown, although there are few candidates for this position. Also few fortresses (Castell) are known to existed in this period, but their names are not known, except for the Castell Milareca on Gradiste hill (228. m). Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, c. ... Moesia is an ancient province situated in the areas of modern Serbia and Bulgaria. ... Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci, named by the ancient Greeks Getae, was a large district of Southeastern Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa, on the east by the Tyras or Nistru, now... In the Roman Empire, a mansio (from the Latin word mansus the perfect passive participle of manere to remain or to stay) was an official stopping place on a Roman road, or via, maintained by the central government for the use of officials and those on official business whilst travelling. ...


Middle Ages

From the year 476 this territory is under the Byzantine rule. There are evidences of settlements from this time, however their names still remain unknown. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ...


During the reigns of emperors Phocas (602-610) and Heraclius (610-641) Slavic peoples inhabit Balkan peninsula. In 614 they are razing Niš. The Via Militaris is renamed Medieval Military Road and it is used by the crusaders of first four Crusades to reach Constantinople thus passing through the territory of Aleksinac municipality. Phocas on a contemporary coin Flavius Phocas Augustus, Eastern Roman Emperor (reigned 602–610), is perhaps one of the most maligned figures to have held the Imperial title in the long history of Rome and Byzantium. ... Heraclius and his sons Heraclius Constantine and Heraclonas. ... The Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe southeastern Europe (see the Definitions and boundaries section below). ... NiÅ¡ or Nish (Serbian: Ниш / NiÅ¡,  , Latin: Naissus, Greek: Ναισσός Naissos) is a city in Serbia situated at 43. ... The Siege of Antioch, from a medieval miniature painting, during the First Crusade. ... Map of Constantinople. ...


During the reign of Nemanjić dynasty this territory is under direct control of the state. After the death of Uroš V this territory is included in the territory of Moravian Serbia under the Prince Lazar and his succesors. From this periods are two medieval towns Bolvan and Lipovac. Nemanjić dynasty insignia Nemanjić (Serbian Немањић; in English formerly Nemanjid) was a medieval Serbian ruling dynasty. ... Stefan UroÅ¡ V Nejaki (The Weak), (Serbian: Стефан Урош V нејаки) (1336–1371) was king of Serbia (1346–1355) as co-ruler of his father Stefan UroÅ¡ IV DuÅ¡an and then emperor (tsar) (1355-1371). ... Lazar Hrebeljanović, prince of Moravian Serbia (1371-1389) Moravian Serbia (Serbian: Moravska Srbija, Моравска Србија) was the most important of the Serbian states that emerged from the collapse of the Serbian Empire in the 14th century. ... Prince Lazar, Photo courtesy of freesrpska. ...


Turkish rule

Aleksinac is first mentioned in 1516 in "Kruševački Tefter", a list of towns and it's residents made by Turks to keep an eye on taxes, as the village belonging to Bolvan province and Kruševac sanjak. It remained village up to the end of XVI century when it was developed into town settlement. KruÅ¡evac (Serbian Cyrillic: Крушевац,  ) is a city and a municipality located in Serbia at 43. ...


In the middle of XVII century, Aleksinac was town with more than 100 shops in it, and because of it's strategic location on the road to Constantinople it became important travel and caravan station. It's importance can be supported by the fact that Turks built fortress to protect it from outlaws in 1616. The development of Aleksinac was stopped during the so called Great Turkish War (1683-1699). Aleksinac was conquered by Austrian army (general Ludwig of Baden liberated it), and later burned to the ground by the soldiers of Jegen-Osman Pasha. Serbian inhabitans of Aleksinac joined Great Serb Migrations to Habsburg Monarchy and some of them settled down in Budim. Aleksinac was destroyed again by fire during second Austro-Turkish war (1716-1718) when grand vizier Hallil Pasha was defeated beneath the walls of Belgrade. In retreat he burned down all settlements all the way to Niš. Map of Constantinople. ... Fortifications (Latin fortis, strong, and facere, to make) are military constructions designed for defensive warfare. ... Hajduk (or haiduk, haiduc, hayduck, hayduk) is a term most commonly referring to outlaws, highwaymen or freedom fighters in the Balkans. ... The Great Turkish War was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and European powers at the time (joined into a Holy League) during the second half of the 17th century. ... Arsenije III ÄŒarnojević The term Great Serb Migrations refer to the two large migrations of Serbs from the Ottoman Empire to the Habsburg Monarchy: First Serbian Migration in 1690 under Patriarch Arsenije III ÄŒarnojević Second Serbian Migration in 1737 under Patriarch Arsenije IV Jovanović Serbs from these migrations settled in... The Habsburg Monarchy, often called Austrian Monarchy or simply Austria, are the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine, between 1526 and 1867/1918. ... Buda (German: Ofen, Croatian: Budim or Serbian: Будим) is the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest on the right bank of the Danube. ... The Treaty of Karlowitz (1699) was not an acceptable long-standing agreement for the Ottoman Empire. ... A Vizier (وزير, sometimes also spelled Wazir) is an Arabic term for a high-ranking religious and political advisor, often to a king or sultan. ... Location of Belgrade within Serbia Coordinates: Country Serbia District City of Belgrade Municipalities 17 Government  - Mayor Nenad Bogdanović (DS) (since 2004)  - Ruling parties DS/DSS/G17+ Area  - City 3,222. ... NiÅ¡ or Nish (Serbian: Ниш / NiÅ¡,  , Latin: Naissus, Greek: Ναισσός Naissos) is a city in Serbia situated at 43. ...


After the third Austro-Turkish War (1737-1739) Aleksinac developed into significant trade and handcraft center. Many caravans passed through it exchanging wares from entire Ottoman Empire and central Europe. At the same time it became center of Aleksinac county which in 1784 consisted of 17 villages. There were 160 houses in Aleksinac at that time, 120 Serbian and 40 Turkish. Austro-Ottoman War refers to: the Great Turkish War of 1683-1699, and/or the subsequent 1716-1718 war any number of other Austro-Ottoman wars in Europe Category: ... A caravan is a group of travellers, such as merchants or pilgrims, journeying together. ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–65) Edirne (1365–1453) Constantinople (İstanbul, 1453–1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–22 Mehmed VI... Central Europe The Alpine Countries and the Visegrád Group (Political map, 2004) Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ... 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Languages Serbian Religions Predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christian Related ethnic groups Other Slavic peoples, especially South Slavs See Cognate peoples below Serbs (Serbian: Срби or Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia. ...


After the Fourth Austro-Turkish war Aleksinac was burned down again by the Turkish outlaws led by Osman Pazvan.


Modern times

Aleksinac and it's surrounding joined the First Serbian Uprising in January 1806. Town itself and villages facing the right side of South Morava river were liberated by the army of Petar Dobrnjac while the settlements on the left side were liberated by Mladen Milovanović and Stanoje Glavaš. As soon as the town was liberated, captain Vuča Žikić built the famous Deligrad trenches on the north side of Aleksinac which earned fame in battles with the Turks, especially in 1806. Flag of the First Serbian Uprising First Serbian Uprising was an uprising at the beginning of the 19th century in which Serbs living in Belgrade Pashaluk in the Ottoman Empire, led by Karadjordje, managed to liberate the Pashaluk for a significant time, which eventually led to the creation of modern... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... South Morava (Serbian: ) is a river in Serbia which represents the shorter headwater of Great Morava. ... Petar Dobrnjac (Serbian Cyrillic: Петар Добрњац) (1771-1831) was a Serbian Vojvoda in the First Serbian Uprising. ... Stanoje Stamatović GlavaÅ¡ (born 1763 in Smederevska Palanka, died 1815), was Serbian hajduk and a hero in the First Serbian Uprising. ... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...


After the fall on the First Serbian Uprising Aleksinac remained under Turkish rule up to December 1832 when it became integral part of Prince Miloš's Serbia. During his first reign Aleksinac became economic centre of the south-east Serbia with numerous trade and handicrafts shops and it developed into important governemnt centre. It became centre of county and county court. The third post office in Serbia (after Belgrade and Kragujevac) was opened in Aleksinac for both Serbian and Austrian post as well as the place where English courier sent and received the post from Turkey. At that time Customs office and quarantine station were built in Aleksinac. Aleksinac was also the site of major battles with Turks in First Serbo-Turkish war in 1876, with only true victory won on Šumatovac, 3 kilometers from Aleksinac. Year 1832 (MDCCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... MiloÅ¡ Obrenović Milosh Obrenovich (MiloÅ¡ Obrenović also known as MiloÅ¡ Teodorović in Cyrillic Милош Обреновић 18th March 1780 - 26th September 1860) was prince of Serbia between 1817 and 1839, and again from 1858 to 1860. ... Anthem Serbia() on the European continent() Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian language 1 Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Croatian, Slovak, Romanian, Rusyn 2 Albanian, English 3 Government Parliamentary republic  -  President Boris Tadić  -  Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Establishment  -  Formation 8th century   -  First unified state c. ... Small-town post office and town hall in Lockhart, Alabama A post office is a facility (in most countries, a government one) where the public can purchase postage stamps for mailing correspondence or merchandise, and also drop off or pick up packages or other special-delivery items. ... Location of Kragujevac within Serbia Coordinates: Country Serbia District Å umadija Municipalities 5 Founded 1476 Government  - Mayor Veroljub Stevanović (SDPO)  - Ruling parties SDPO Area  - City 865 km²  (334 sq mi) Population (2002)[1]  - City 175,802  - Density 203/km² (526/sq mi)  - Urban 146,373 Time zone CET (UTC+1)  - Summer... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area... A customs officer is generally a law enforcement officer working to enforce customs laws, with duties such as detecting and confiscating contraband, making sure that import duties are paid, and preventing those without legal authorization to do so from entering the jurisdiction. ... Quarantine, a medical term (from Italian: quaranta giorni, forty days) is the act of keeping people or animals separated for a period of time before, for instance, allowing them to enter another country. ...


Aleksinac was heavily damaged during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999. Combatants NATO Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Various militias and paramilitaries, as well as international volunteers [1] Commanders Wesley Clark (SACEUR) Javier Solana (Secretary General of NATO) Slobodan Milošević (Supreme Commander of the Army of Yugoslavia) Dragoljub Ojdanić (Chief of Staff) Svetozar Marjanović (Deputy Chief of Staff) Casualties 2 confirmed...


Demographics

Ethnic groups in the municipality (2002 census):

  • Serbs = 54,845
  • Roma = 1,434
  • Yugoslavs = 146
  • Montenegrins = 130
  • Macedonians = 127
  • others.

Economy

Main industry in Aleksinac is metal industry, but large parts of municipality consists of arable land near the Morava river that is used for grain, maize аnd peppers. Coal industry was also dominant before fire accident in November 1989. The word grain has several meanings, most being descriptive of a small piece or particle. ... Compact orange pepper plants in the genus Capsicum. ... Coal Coal (IPA: ) is a fossil fuel formed in swamp ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ...


Education

Town has two elementary schools, High (Grammar) School "Aleksinačka gimnazija" (The former name was "Drakče Milovanović" but it was changed in 2004), college for kindergarten teachers, machine engineering high school and couple of technical schools. The construction of building for Agricultural high school has started in 2006. There are two basic schools:"Ljupce Nikolic" and "Vozd Karadjordje".


Tourism

If you visit Aleksinac, you should visit lake Bovan, 15 km away, and medieval monastery from XV century built by Despot Stefan Lazarević, St. Stefan in Lipovac, 25 km away. The monastery is built beneath the slopes of Mt. Ozren (1175 m). There are also remnants of two medieval towns in the mountains surrounding Aleksinac: Bovan and Lipovac, however they are not well preserved. Despot Stefan Lazarevićs Coat of Arms 1415 AD Despot Stefan Lazarević (Serbian Cyrillic: Стефан Лазаревић) (1374-1427) was the son and heir to Lazar (Serbian: Кнез Лазар), the Serbian prince who died at the Battle of Kosovo against the Turks in 1389, and princess Milica (Милица) from the subordinate branch of the Nemanjić (Немањић) dynasty. ...


Trivia

  • The patron saint of Aleksinac is St. Mark.

Mark the Evangelist (1st century) is traditionally believed to be the author of the Gospel of Mark, drawing much of his material from Peter. ...

References and further reading

  • Istorija Aleksinca i okoline do kraja prve vladavine kneza Miloša, Sprić Miodrag, Aleksinac, 1995.
  • Aleksinac i okolina, Dr. Branko Peruničić, Beograd, 1978.

External links

  • Official municipality web site
  • Web site of Scout group Šumatovac
  • Aleksinac Net
  • Bombing of Aleksinac (1999)
  • Travel Guide To Aleksinac
  • TiM's "Tour de Serbia" - Aleksinac

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