Alex Haley

Haley as a young man in the U.S. Coast Guard
Born:	August 11, 1921(1921-08-11) Ithaca, New York
Died:	February 10, 1992 (aged 70) Seattle, Washington
Occupation:	Writer, Novelist, Scriptwriter
Genres:	African American literature

Alexander Murray Palmer Haley (August 11, 1921 – February 10, 1992) was an American writer. He is best known as the author of Roots: The Saga of an American Family, and of The Autobiography of Malcolm X, the latter of which he wrote in collaboration with Malcolm X. Alex Haley in US Coast Guard File links The following pages link to this file: Alex Haley Categories: Coast Guard images ... USCG HH-65 Dolphin USCG HH-60J JayHawk The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is at all times a branch of the United States armed forces a maritime law enforcement agency, and a federal regulatory body. ... is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... The City of Ithaca (named for the Greek island of Ithaca) sits on the southern shore of Cayuga Lake, in Central New York State. ... This article is about the state. ... is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... “Seattle” redirects here. ... For the capital city of the United States, see Washington, D.C.. For other uses, see Washington (disambiguation). ... This article is about work. ... A writer is anyone who creates a written work, although the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ... A novel is an extended work of written, narrative, prose fiction, usually in story form; the writer of a novel is a novelist. ... This list is poorly defined, permanently incomplete, or has become unverifiable or an indiscriminate list or repository of loosely associated topics. ... A literary genre is one of the divisions of literature into genres according to particular criteria such as literary technique, tone, or content. ... The Color Purple by Alice Walker African American literature is the body of literature produced in the United States by writers of African descent. ... is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... A writer is anyone who creates a written work, although the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ... Categories: Literature stubs | 1976 books | American novels | Books starting with S ... The Autobiography of Malcolm X cover The Autobiography of Malcolm X (ISBN 0-345-35068-5) was written by Alex Haley between 1964 and 1965, based on interviews conducted shortly before Malcolm Xs death (and with an epilogue for after it), and was published in 1965. ... Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little, also known as Detroit Red and Al-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Omaha, Nebraska, May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965 in New York City) was a Muslim Minister and National Spokesman for the Nation of Islam. ...

Early life

Born in Ithaca, New York, in 1921, Haley spent his first five years in Henning, Tennessee in an African American family mixed with Irish and Cherokee ancestry with his 2 younger brothers. Haley's father, Simon Alexander Haley, was a professor of agriculture who had served in World War I. The younger Haley always spoke proudly of his father and the incredible obstacles of racism he had overcome. On May 24, 1939, Alex Haley began his 20-year service with the Coast Guard. Henning is a town located in Lauderdale County, Tennessee. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... For other uses, see Cherokee (disambiguation). ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... This box:      Racism has many definitions, the most common and widely accepted is that members of one race are intrinsically superior or inferior to members of other races. ... is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... USCG HH-65 Dolphin USCG HH-60J JayHawk The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is at all times a branch of the United States armed forces a maritime law enforcement agency, and a federal regulatory body. ...

He enlisted as a mess-boy and then became a third class Petty Officer in the rate of Mess Attendant, one of the few enlisted designators open to African Americans at that time. It was during his service in the Pacific theater of operations that Haley taught himself the craft of writing stories. He talked of how the greatest enemy he and his crew faced during their long sea voyages wasn't the Japanese but boredom. He collected many rejection slips over an eight-year period before his first story was bought. A Petty Officer is a noncommissioned officer or equivalent in many navies. ... The terms steward or stewardess can refer to a number of different professional roles. ...

After World War II, Haley was able to petition the Coast Guard to allow him to transfer into the field of journalism, and by 1949 he had become a First Class Petty Officer in the rate of Journalist. He later advanced to the rank of Chief Petty Officer and held this grade until his retirement from the Coast Guard in 1959. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Chief Petty Officer is a non-commissioned officer or equivalent in many navies. ...

Alex Haley's awards and decorations from the Coast Guard include the American Defense Service Medal (w/ "Sea" clasp), American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal, Coast Guard Good Conduct Medal (w/ 1 silver and 1 bronze service star), Korean Service Medal, National Defense Service Medal, United Nations Service Medal, and the Coast Guard Expert Marksmanship Medal. The American Defense Service Medal is a decoration of the United States military which was created in 1941 by Executive Order of President Franklin Roosevelt. ... Campaign Clasp Examples A Campaign clasp is an attachment to a military award consisting of a metal bar which is pinned to the upper cloth portion of an award medal. ... American Campaign Medal The American Campaign Medal was a decoration of the United States military which was first created in 1942 by order of President Franklin Roosevelt. ... The Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal is a service decoration of the Second World War which was awarded to any member of the United States military who served in the Pacific Theater from 1941 to 1945. ... The European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal is a miliary decoration of the United States armed forces which was first created in 1942 by Executive Order of President Franklin Roosevelt. ... WWII Victory Medal The World War II Victory Medal is a decoration of the United States military which was created by an act of Congress in July 1945. ... The Good Conduct Medal is one of the oldest military decorations of the United States military. ... Bronze and Silver Service Stars A Service star, also referred to as a battle star, campaign star, or engagement star, is an attachment to a military decoration which denotes participation in military campaigns or multiple bestowals of the same award. ... The Korean Service Medal is a decoration of the United States military and was created in November 1950 by order of President Harry Truman. ... Ribbon for the National Defense Service Medal The National Defense Service Medal is a military decoration of the United States military originally commissioned by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. ... The United Nations Service Medal is an international military decoration which was established by the United Nations on December 12, 1950. ... Navy and Coast Guard Marksmanship Medals The Marksmanship Medal is a decoration of the United States Navy and the U.S. Coast Guard and is the highest award one may receive for weapons qualification. ...

After his retirement from the Coast Guard, Haley began his writing career and eventually became a senior editor for Reader's Digest. The cover of the May 2004 issue of Readers Digest. ...

Playboy magazine

Haley conducted the first Playboy interview for Playboy magazine. The interview, with jazz legend Miles Davis, appeared in the September 1962 issue. In the interview, Davis candidly spoke about his thoughts and feelings on racism and it was that interview that set the tone for what would become a significant part of the magazine. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Playboy Interview with Haley was the longest he ever granted to any publication. Throughout the 1960s, Haley was responsible for some of the magazine's most notable interviews, including an interview with American Nazi Party leader George Lincoln Rockwell, who agreed to meet with Haley only after Haley, in a phone conversation, assured him that he was not Jewish. Haley exhibited remarkable calm and professionalism despite the handgun Rockwell kept on the table throughout the interview. Haley also interviewed Cassius Clay, who spoke about changing his name to Muhammad Ali. Other interviews include Jack Ruby's defense attorney Melvin Belli, Sammy Davis, Jr., Jim Brown, Johnny Carson, and Quincy Jones. He completed a memoir of Malcolm X for Playboy six months before his death in February 1965. The memoir was published in the July 1965 issue of the magazine. For other uses, see Playboy (disambiguation). ... Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926 – September 28, 1991) was an American jazz musician widely considered to be one of the most influential of the 20th century. ... Martin Luther King redirects here. ... This article is about the party formed in 1959, later renamed the National Socialist White Peoples Party. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Muhammad Ali-Haj (born January 17, 1942 as Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. ... For other persons named Muhammad Ali, see Muhammad Ali (disambiguation). ... Jack Leon Ruby (1911 – January 3, 1967) was born Jacob Rubenstein, and changed his name to Jack Leon Ruby in December 1947. ... Melvin Mouron Belli (29 July 1907, Sonora, California - 9 July 1996, San Francisco, California) was a prominent American lawyer known as The King of Torts—and by detractors as Melvin Bellicose. He had many celebrity clients, including Zsa Zsa Gabor, Errol Flynn, Chuck Berry, Muhammad Ali, Sirhan Sirhan, Jim and... This article is about the entertainer. ... Jim Brown (born February 17, 1936) is an American former professional football player who has also made his mark as an actor and social activist. ... For other persons named John Carson, see John Carson (disambiguation). ... This article is about the producer and songwriter. ...

Malcolm X

One of Haley's most famous interviews was a 1963 interview with Malcolm X for Playboy, which led to their collaboration on the activist's autobiography The Autobiography of Malcolm X, based on interviews conducted shortly before Malcolm's death (and with an epilogue). Published in 1965, the book became a huge success and was later named by Time magazine as one of the ten most important nonfiction books of the 20th century Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little, also known as Detroit Red and Al-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Omaha, Nebraska, May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965 in New York City) was a Muslim Minister and National Spokesman for the Nation of Islam. ... The Autobiography of Malcolm X cover The Autobiography of Malcolm X (ISBN 0-345-35068-5) was written by Alex Haley between 1964 and 1965, based on interviews conducted shortly before Malcolm Xs death (and with an epilogue for after it), and was published in 1965. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little, also known as Detroit Red and Al-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Omaha, Nebraska, May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965 in New York City) was a Muslim Minister and National Spokesman for the Nation of Islam. ... (Clockwise from upper left) Time magazine covers from May 7, 1945; July 25, 1969; December 31, 1999; September 14, 2001; and April 21, 2003. ...

Roots

In 1976, Haley published Roots: The Saga of an American Family, a novel based loosely on his family's history, starting with the story of Kunta Kinte, kidnapped in Gambia in 1767 and transported to the Province of Maryland to be sold as a slave. Haley claimed to be a seventh-generation descendant of Kunta Kinte, and Haley's work on the novel involved ten years of research, intercontinental travel and writing. He went to the village of Jufureh, where Kunta Kinte grew up and which is in existence, and listened to a tribal historian tell the story of Kinte's capture.^[1] Haley also traced the records of the ship, The Lord Ligonier, which he said carried his ancestor to America. Genealogists have since disputed Haley's research and conclusions and Haley had to reach an out-of-court settlement with Harold Courlander to end a plagiarism lawsuit. Categories: Literature stubs | 1976 books | American novels | Books starting with S ... Kunta Kinte (or Kunta Kunte) is the central character of the novel, Roots: The Saga of an American Family by Alex Haley, and of the television mini-series Roots, based on the book. ... A map of the Province of Maryland. ... Slave redirects here. ... Jufureh or Juffureh is a town in Gambia, lying on the north bank of the River Gambia. ... Harold Courlander (September 18, 1908- March 15, 1996) As a child who was a product of a highly diverse Detroit neighborhood, Harold Courlander was interested in other cultures throughout his life. ...

Haley said the most emotional moment of his life was on September 29, 1967, when he stood at the site in Annapolis, Maryland where his ancestor had arrived 200 years before. Roots was eventually published in 37 languages and Haley won a Special Award for it in 1997 from the Pulitzer Board (Pulitzer Prize). Roots also went on to become a popular television miniseries in 1977. The book and film were both successful, reaching a record-breaking 130 million viewers when it was serialized on television. Roots emphasized that African Americans have a long history and that not all of that history is lost, as many believed. Its popularity sparked an increased public interest in genealogy, as well. “Annapolis” redirects here. ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Area  Ranked 42nd  - Total 12,407 sq mi (32,133 km²)  - Width 101 miles (145 km)  - Length 249 miles (400 km)  - % water 21  - Latitude 37° 53′ N to 39° 43′ N  - Longitude 75° 03′ W to 79° 29... The Pulitzer Prize is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in print journalism, literary achievements, and musical composition. ... Roots is a 1977 American television miniseries based on Alex Haleys work Roots: The Saga of an American Family, his critically acclaimed genealogical novel. ... Genealogy (from Greek: γενεα, genea, family; and λόγος, logos, knowledge) is the study and tracing of family pedigrees. ...

In 1979, ABC aired a sequel miniseries entitled Roots: The Next Generations. The series continued the story of Kunta Kinte's descendants, concluding with Haley's arrival in Jufureh. Haley was portrayed (at various ages) by future soap opera actor Kristoff St. John, The Jeffersons actor Damon Evans, and Tony Award winner James Earl Jones. The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) operates television and radio networks in the United States and is also shown on basic cable in Canada. ... Kristoff St. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Damon Evans (born November 24, 1949, Baltimore, Maryland), best known as one of two actors to have portrayed Lionel Jefferson on the American situation comedy The Jeffersons (which he played the character from the 1975-76 season until early 1978). ... What is popularly called the Tony Award (formally, the Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre) is an annual award celebrating achievements in live American theater, including musical theater, primarily honoring productions on Broadway in New York. ... James Earl Jones (b. ...

Later years

In the late 1980s, Haley began working on a second historical novel based on another branch of his family, traced through his grandmother Queen — the daughter of a black slave woman and her white master. Haley died in Seattle, Washington of a heart attack before he could complete the story and was buried beside his childhood home in Henning, TN. At his request, it was finished by David Stevens and was published as Alex Haley's Queen; it was subsequently made into a movie in 1993. “Seattle” redirects here. ... Acute myocardial infarction (AMI or MI), more commonly known as a heart attack, is a disease state that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the heart is interrupted. ... David Stevens is an Amercan Actor Filmography Mattress Man Commercial (2003) (V) - David Punch-Drunk Love (2002) - David No Dogs Allowed (2002) - Marko The Ballad of Lucy Whipple (2001) (TV) - Rusty Hawkins Twice Today (2001) - Chris Hunter Baby Bedlam (2000) - Motel Clerk Cage in Box Elder (2000) Kissed by an... Queen: the story of an American family by Alex Haley and David Stevens is a partly factual historical novel which has served to bring back to the consciousness of many White Americans the plight of the Children of the Plantation - the offspring of black slave women and their white masters...

Late in his life, Haley acquired a small farm in Norris, Tennessee, adjacent to the Museum of Appalachia, with the intent of making it his home. Subsequent to his death, the property was sold to the Children's Defense Fund (CDF), which calls it the "Alex Haley Farm" and uses it as a national training center and retreat site. An abandoned barn on the farm property was rebuilt as a traditional cantilevered barn, using a design by architect Maya Lin. The building now serves as a library for CDF.^[2] Norris is a city in Anderson County, Tennessee, United States. ... The Museum of Appalachia, located in Norris, Tennessee, 20 miles north of Knoxville, is a living history museum of pioneer, mountain, and early artifacts of the Southern Appalachian region of the United States. ... The Childrens Defense Fund is a child advocacy group. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Architect (disambiguation). ... Visitors at Vietnam Veterans Memorial Maya Ying Lin (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; born October 5, 1959) is an American artist who has become known for her work in sculpture and landscape art. ...

In 1999, the U.S. Coast Guard honored Haley by naming the cutter Alex Haley after him. USCG Barque Eagle A Cutter includes every type of United States Coast Guard vessel that has an assigned personnel allowance and that has installed habitability features for the extended support of a permanently assigned crew [1]. (over 65 feet in length) are under control of Area Commands (Atlantic Area or... The United States Coast Guard cutter Alex Haley (WMEC-39) is a former U.S. Navy vessel that was recommissioned for Coast Guard duty on July 10, 1999. ...

Haley was also posthumously awarded the Korean War Service Medal from the government of South Korea ten years after his death. This award, created in 1999, did not exist during Haley's lifetime. The Korean War Service Medal is a decoration of South Korea which was first authorized in December 1950. ...

Plagiarism and other controversy

Alex Haley researched Roots for ten years; the Roots TV series adaptation aired in 1977. The same year, Haley won a Pulitzer Prize for the book as well as the Spingarn Medal. However, Haley's fame was marred by plagiarism charges in 1978; after a trial, Haley settled out-of-court for $650,000, having admitted that large passages of Roots were copied from the book The African by Harold Courlander.^[3] Haley claimed that the appropriation of Courlander's passages had been unintentional.^[4] In 1988 Margaret Walker also sued him, claiming Roots violated the copyright for her novel Jubilee. Her case was dismissed by the court. Roots is a 1977 American television miniseries based on Alex Haleys work Roots: The Saga of an American Family, his critically acclaimed genealogical novel. ... The Pulitzer Prize is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in print journalism, literary achievements, and musical composition. ... The Spingarn Medal is awarded annually by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) for outstanding achievement by a Black American. ... For other uses, see Plagiarism (disambiguation). ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Harold Courlander (September 18, 1908- March 15, 1996) As a child who was a product of a highly diverse Detroit neighborhood, Harold Courlander was interested in other cultures throughout his life. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... Dr. Margaret Abigail Walker Alexander (July 7, 1915-November 30, 1998) was an American poet and author born in Birmingham, Alabama. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

Haley's work is controversial for other reasons. He has been accused of fictionalizing true stories in both his book Roots and The Autobiography Of Malcolm X. Malcolm X's family and members of The Nation of Islam accused Haley of changing selected parts of his story. The Nation of Islam (NOI) is a religious and social/political organization founded in the United States by Wallace Fard Muhammad in 1930 with the self-proclaimed goal of resurrecting the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of the black men and women of America and the rest of the...

In addition, the veracity of those aspects of Roots which Haley claimed to be true has also been challenged.^[5] Although Haley acknowledged the novel was primarily a work of fiction, he did claim that his actual ancestor was Kunta Kinte, an African taken from the village of Jufureh in what is now The Gambia. According to Haley, Kunta Kinte was sold into slavery where he was given the name Toby and, while in the service of a slavemaster named John Waller, went on to have a daughter named Kizzy, Haley's great-great-great grandmother. Haley also claimed to have identified the specific slave ship and the actual voyage on which Kunta Kinte was transported from Africa to North America in 1767. Jufureh or Juffureh is a town in Gambia, lying on the north bank of the River Gambia. ...

However, noted genealogist Elizabeth Shown Mills and the African-Americanist historian Gary B. Mills revisited Haley's research and concluded that those claims of Haley's were not true.^[6][7] According to the Millses, the slave named Toby who was owned by John Waller could be definitively shown to have been in North America as early as 1762. They further said that Toby died years prior to the supposed date of birth of Kizzy. There have also been suggestions that Kebba Kanji Fofana, the amateur griot in Jufureh, who, during Haley's visit there, confirmed the tale of the disappearance of Kunta Kinte, had been coached to relate such a story.^[8][9]. This page is about the West African poets. ...

To date, Haley's work remains a notable exclusion from the Norton Anthology of African-American Literature, despite Haley's status as history's best-selling African-American author. Harvard University professor Dr. Henry Louis Gates, Jr., one of the anthology's general editors, has denied that the controversies surrounding Haley's works are the reason for this exclusion. Nonetheless, Dr. Gates has acknowledged the doubts surrounding Haley's claims about Roots, saying, "Most of us feel it's highly unlikely that Alex actually found the village whence his ancestors sprang. Roots is a work of the imagination rather than strict historical scholarship."^[10] African-American literature is literature written by, usually about, and sometimes specifically for African-Americans. ... Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. ... Henry Louis Skip Gates, Jr. ...

Books

• The Autobiography of Malcolm X (1965)
• Roots: The Saga of an American Family (1976)
• A Different Kind of Christmas (1988)
• Queen: The Story of an American Family (1993) (completed by David Stevens after Haley's death)
• Mama Flora's Family (1998) (completed by David Stevens after Haley's death)
• Roots: 30th Anniversary Edition (2007)

The Autobiography of Malcolm X cover The Autobiography of Malcolm X (ISBN 0-345-35068-5) was written by Alex Haley between 1964 and 1965, based on interviews conducted shortly before Malcolm Xs death (and with an epilogue for after it), and was published in 1965. ... Categories: Literature stubs | 1976 books | American novels | Books starting with S ... Queen: the story of an American family by Alex Haley and David Stevens is a partly factual historical novel which has served to bring back to the consciousness of many White Americans the plight of the Children of the Plantation - the offspring of black slave women and their white masters... David Stevens is an Amercan Actor Filmography Mattress Man Commercial (2003) (V) - David Punch-Drunk Love (2002) - David No Dogs Allowed (2002) - Marko The Ballad of Lucy Whipple (2001) (TV) - Rusty Hawkins Twice Today (2001) - Chris Hunter Baby Bedlam (2000) - Motel Clerk Cage in Box Elder (2000) Kissed by an... Mama Floras Family is a novel by Alex Haley. ...

Recordings

• Alex Haley Tells the Story of His Search for Roots (1977) - 2-LP recording of a two-hour lecture Haley gave at the University of Pennsylvania. Released by Warner Bros. Records (2BS 3036).

This article is about the private Ivy League university in Philadelphia. ... Warner Bros. ...

Radio

• Author Ilyasah Shabazz, daughter of Malcolm X, recorded a public service announcement for Deejay Ra's 'Hip-Hop Literacy' campaign encouraging reading of Alex Haley's books

Notes

1. ^ ALEX HALEY (1921-1992)
2. ^ "Museum staff members visit Alex Haley Farm", Museum of Appalachia Newsletter, June 2006
3. ^ Fein, Esther B.. "Book Notes", The New York Times, March 19,1995. 
4. ^ Crowley, Anne S.. "Research Help Supplies Backbone for Haley's Book", Chicago Tribune, October 24, 1985. 
5. ^ Nobile, Philip. "Uncovering Roots", The Village Voice, February 23, 1993; pp. 31-38
6. ^ Mills, Gary B. and Elizabeth Shown Mills. "Roots and the New 'Faction': A Legitimate Tool for CLIO?", Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, January, 1981
7. ^ Mills, Gary B. and Elizabeth Shown Mills. "The Genealogist's Assessment of Alex Haley's Roots", National Genealogical Society Quarterly, March, 1984
8. ^ MacDonald, Edgar. "A Twig Atop Running Water -- Griot History", Virginia Genealogical Society Newsletter, July/August, 1991
9. ^ The Roots of Alex Haley. Documentary. Directed by James Kent. BBC Bookmark, 1996
10. ^ Beam, Alex. "The Prize Fight Over Alex Haley's Tangled 'Roots'", Boston Globe, October 30, 1998

The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... // The Chicago Tribune is a major daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois and owned by the Tribune Company. ... This article is about a New York newspaper. ... See: Clio, the muse of heroic poetry and history in Greek mythology; Renault Clio, is a compact European hatchback car; Clio, California; Clio, Michigan; Clio, Alabama; The Clio Awards for best TV commercials. ... The Virginia Historical Society, founded in 1831, is a major repository, research and teaching center for Virginia history. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... The Boston Globe is the most widely-circulated daily newspaper in Boston, Massachusetts and in the greater New England region. ...

Bibliography

• Wright, Donald R. "Uprooting Kunta Kinte: On the Perils of Relying on Encyclopedic Informants. History in Africa, vol. 8 (1981), pp. 205-217.

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Alex Haley

• Biography
• The Kunta Kinte - Alex Haley Foundation
• Coast Guard cutter named after Alex Haley
• Roots tribute page
• Coast Guard service record of Alex Haley
• Alex Haley's Gravesite
• Alex Haley's Interview with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
• Alex Haley's Interview with Miles Davis
• Alex Haley's Interview with Malcolm X
• Official Roots: 30th Anniversary Edition website