Alexander Alekhine
Full name	Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine
Country	Russia  France
Born	October 19, 1892(1892-10-19) Moscow, Russia
Died	March 24, 1946 (aged 53) Estoril, Portugal
Title	Grandmaster
World Champion	1927-1935 & 1937-1946

This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.

Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine (pronounced [alʲɛkˈsandr̠ alʲɛkˈsandr̠ovʲiʨ aˈlʲɛxin]; Russian Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Але́хин)^[1] (October 19, 1892 – March 24, 1946) was a Russian-born naturalised French chess champion. At the age of twenty-two he was already among the best chess players in the world, and was one of the five to whom Tsar Nicholas II of Russia awarded the title "chess grandmaster" in 1914. During the 1920s he won most of the tournaments in which he played. In 1927 he became the fourth World Chess Champion by defeating Capablanca, widely considered invincible, in one of the longest matches ever held up until that time. Alexander Alekhine, one of the great chess players of all time This image is in the public domain in the United States and possibly other jurisdictions. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Estoril Beach Estoril is a civil parish of the Portuguese municipality of Cascais. ... The title Grandmaster is awarded to world-class chess masters by the world chess organization FIDE. Apart from World Champion, Grandmaster is the highest title a chess player can attain. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Chessboard notation Algebraic chess notation is used to record and describe the moves in a game of chess. ... is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tsar (Bulgarian, Serbian and Macedonian цар, Russian  , in scientific transliteration respectively car and car ), occasionally spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English, is a Slavonic term designating certain monarchs. ... Nicholas II redirects here. ... The title Grandmaster is awarded to world-class chess masters by the world chess organization FIDE. Apart from World Champion, Grandmaster is the highest title a chess player can attain. ... A tournament is a competition involving a relatively large number of competitors, all participating in a single sport or game. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 – March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess player in the early to mid-twentieth century. ...

In the early 1930s Alekhine dominated tournament play and won two top-class tournaments by astonishing margins. He also played as top board for France in four Chess Olympiads, winning individual prizes in each one. His tournament record became more erratic from the mid-1930s onwards, and alcoholism is often blamed for his decline. The Chess Olympiad is a chess event which has been officially organised by FIDE since 1927 and takes place in even years. ... Alcoholism is the consumption of, or preoccupation with, alcoholic beverages to the extent that this behavior interferes with the drinkers normal personal, family, social, or work life, and may lead to physical or mental harm. ...

Alekhine offered Capablanca a rematch on the same demanding terms that Capablanca had set for him, and negotiations dragged on for years without making much progress. Meanwhile Alekhine defended his title against the slightly weaker Bogoljubov in 1929 and 1934. He was surprisingly beaten by Euwe in 1935, but regained his crown convincingly in his 1937 rematch with Euwe. However his tournament record remained erratic and the rise of new stars was a real threat to his title. Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubov, alternatively Yefim Bogolyubov, (1889 – 1952) was a leading Russian chess master. ... Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wə/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. ...

Alekhine stayed in Nazi-occupied Europe during World War II, where he played in chess tournaments the Nazis organized. During the War anti-Semitic articles appeared under his name, although Alekhine later claimed these were forged by the Nazis. Alekhine had good relationships with several Jewish chess players, and his fourth wife was Jewish. National Socialism redirects here. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Forgery is the process of making or adapting objects or documents (see false document), with the intention to deceive. ...

After the War Alekhine was ostracised by players and tournament organizers because of the anti-Semitic articles. However negociations with Mikhail Botvinnik for a world title match were proceeding in 1946 when Alekhine died in Portugal, in unclear circumstances. Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (IPA: ; Russian: ) (August 17 [O.S. August 4] 1911 - May 5, 1995) was a Russian International Grandmaster and long-time World Champion of chess. ...

Alekhine is known for his fierce and imaginative attacking style, combined with great positional and end-game skill. Statistical rating systems differ about his strength relative to other great players, giving him rankings between 4th and 18th in their "all-time" lists. He is highly regarded as a chess theoretician (giving his name to Alekhine's Defence and several other opening variations) and as a chess writer. He also composed a few endgame studies. Moves 1. ... An endgame study, or just study, is a composed chess position—that is, one that has been made up rather than one from an actual game—presented as a sort of puzzle, in which the aim of the solver is to find a way for White, moving first, to win...

Although Alekhine was declared an "enemy of the Soviet Union" after making anti-Bolshevik statements in 1927, in the 1950s he was posthumously rehabilitated and acclaimed as one of the founders of the "Soviet School of Chess", which dominated the game after World War II. This article is about the Bolshevik faction in the RSDLP 1903-1912. ... Rehabilitation in the context of Soviet or Russian topics is often a false friend used to translate the Russian term reabilitatsiya as applied to convicted persons. ...

There is strong evidence that Alekhine "improved" the published scores of some of his games, although in one case he may not have been responsible for the misrepresenation.

Biography

Early life

Alekhine was born into a wealthy family in Moscow, Russia.^[2] His father Alexander Ivanovich Alekhine was a landowner, and Privy Councillor to the conservative legislative Fourth Duma.^[3] His mother, Anisya Ivanovna Alekhina (born Prokhorova), was the daughter of a rich industrialist. Alekhine was first introduced to chess by his mother, an older brother Alexei, and an older sister Varvara (Barbara).^[4][5] For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with State Duma. ...

Early chess career (1902–1914)

The tables at the end of this article give details of Alekhine's results.

Alekhine's first known game was from a correspondence tournament that began on December 3, 1902, when he was 10 years old. He participated in several correspondence chess tournaments, sponsored by the chess magazine Shakhmatnoe Obozrenie, in 1902–1911. In 1907 Alexander played his first over-the-board tournament, the Moscow chess club's Spring Tournament. Later that year Alexander tied for 11th-13th in the club's Autumn Tournament; his older brother, Alexei, tied for 4th-6th place. In 1907 Alexander won in the club's Spring Tournament, at the age of fourteen.^[6] For the next few years he played in increasingly strong tournaments, some of them outside Russia. At first he had mixed results but by the time he was sixteen-years-old he had established himself as one of Russia's top players.^[7] In January 1914, Alekhine won his first major Russian tournament, when he tied for first place with Aron Nimzowitsch in the All-Russian Masters Tournament at Saint Petersburg. Afterwards, they drew in a mini-match for first prize (they both won a game).^[8] Alekhine also played several matches in this period, and his results showed the same pattern: mixed at first but later consistently good. Correspondence chess is chess played by various forms of long-distance correspondence, usually through a correspondence chess server, through email or by the postal system; less common methods which have been employed include fax and homing pigeon. ... is the 337th day of the year (338th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This page explains commonly used terms in chess in alphabetical order. ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... Aron Nimzowitsch (also Nimzovich or Niemzowitsch) (November 7, 1886, Riga – March 16, 1935, Denmark) was a chess player of grandmaster strength and a very influential chess writer. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland...

Top-level grandmaster (1914–1927)

In April–May 1914, another major tournament was held in Saint Petersburg in which Alekhine took third place behind Emanuel Lasker and Jose Raul Capablanca. Czar Nicholas II conferred him the title of "Grandmaster of Chess", along with Lasker, Capablanca, Tarrasch and Marshall, after they took the top five places of the tournament. His success was a surprise, but made him a serious contender for the World Chess Championship.^[7] In July 1914, Alekhine tied for first with Marshall in Paris.^[9] Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German World Chess Champion, mathematician, and philosopher born at Berlinchen in Brandenburg (now Barlinek in Poland). ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 - March 8, 1942) was a famous Cuban chess player in the early to mid twentieth century. ... The title Grandmaster is awarded to world-class chess masters by the world chess organization FIDE. Apart from World Champion, Grandmaster is the highest title a chess player can attain. ... Siegbert Tarrasch Siegbert Tarrasch (March 5, 1862 – February 17, 1934) was one of the strongest chess players of the late 19th century and early 20th century. ... This article is about the early 20th century chess champion. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

World War I and post-revolutionary Russia

In July–August 1914 Alekhine was leading an international chess tournament, the 19th DSB Congress (German Chess Federation Congress) in Mannheim, Germany, with nine wins, one draw and one loss, when World War I broke out. He and all the other Russian players were taken to Rastatt, Germany as prisoners of war. Alekhine feigned madness, and the Germans released him as unfit for military service on September 14, 1914. He made his way back to Russia (via Switzerland, Italy, London, Stockholm, and Finland). When Alekhine arrived back in Russia, he helped raise money to aid the Russian chess players who were still interned in Germany by giving simultaneous exhibitions. In 1915/16 Alekhine won at Moscow. In May 1916, Alekhine served in the Union of Cities (Red Cross) on the Austrian front. In September 1916, he was playing five people in a blindfold display at a Russian military hospital at Tarnopol. In 1916, Alekhine won a mini-match against Alexander Evensohn with two wins and one loss at Kiev. In 1918, Alekhine won at Moscow (Triangular). In June 1919, Alekhine was briefly imprisoned in Odessa's death cell by the Odessa Cheka, suspected of being a spy. He was charged with links with White counter-intelligence, after the Russians liberated the Ukraine from German occupation. Rumors appeared in the West that Alekhine had been killed by the Bolesheviks.^[6] Mannheim is a city in Germany. ... In chess, a draw is one of the possible outcomes of a game, the others being a win for white and a win for black. ... is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... For other uses, see Stockholm (disambiguation). ... Ternopil (Тернопіль in Ukrainian, Tarnopol in Polish, Ternopol in Russian) is a city in Western Ukraine, located at the banks of the Seret river. ... Alexander Evensohn (Evenson, Evensson) (born 1892 – died 1919) was an Ukrainian chess master. ... Map of Ukraine with Kiev highlighted Coordinates: , Country Ukraine Oblast Kiev City Municipality Raion Municipality Government  - Mayor Leonid Chernovetskyi Elevation 179 m (587 ft) Population (2006)  - City 4,450,968  - Density 3,299/km² (8,544. ... The ODESSA, which stands for the German phrase Organisation der ehemaligen SS-Angehörigen, which phrase in turn translates as “Organization of Former Members of the SS,” is the name commonly given to an international Nazi network alleged to have been set up towards the end of World War II... For the reggaeton aritst, see Cheka (artist). ...

1920–1927

The table at the foot of this article gives details of Alekhine's results.

When conditions in Russia became more settled Alekhine proved he was among Russia's best chess players. For example in January 1920, he swept the Moscow City Chess Championship (11/11), but was not declared Moscow Champion because he was not a resident of the city. Also in October 1920, he won the All-Russian Championship in Moscow (+9 –0 =6); this tournament was retroactively defined as the first USSR Championship. His brother Alexei took third place in the tournament for amateurs.^[6] The Russian Chess Championship has taken various forms throughout history. ...

In 1920 Alekhine married the Russian baroness Sergewin who was several years older.^[10] For a short time in 1920–1921, he worked as an interpreter for the Communist International (Comintern) and was appointed secretary to the Education Department. In this capacity, he met a Swiss journalist and Comintern delegate Anneliese Rüegg (Annalisa Ruegg), who was 13 years older than him, and they married on March 15, 1921. Shortly after, Alekhine was given permission to leave Russia for a visit to the West with his wife. Alekhine never returned to Russia. In June 1921, Alekhine abandoned his second wife in Paris and went to Berlin.^[6] The Comintern (Russian: Коммунистический Интернационал, Kommunisticheskiy Internatsional – Communist International, also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organization founded in March 1919, in the midst of the war communism period (1918-1921), by Vladimir Lenin and the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik), which intended to fight by all available means, including... is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ...

In 1921–1923 Alekhine played seven mini-matches. In 1921, he won against Nikolay Grigoriev (+2 –0 =5) in Moscow, drew with Richard Teichmann (+2 –2 =2) and won against Friedrich Sämisch (+2 –0 =0), both in Berlin. In 1922, he won against Ossip Bernstein (+1 –0 =1) and Arnold Aurbach (+1 –0 =1), both in Paris, and Manuel Golmayo (+1 –0 =1) in Madrid.^[11] In 1923, he won against André Muffang (+2 –0 =0) in Paris.^[12] Nikolay Dmitrievich Grigoriev was a Russian chess player and a composer of endgame studies. ... Richard Teichmann (1868–1925) was a leading German chess player. ... Friedrich Sämisch (September 20, 1896, Berlin–August 16, 1975, Berlin) was a German chess grandmaster. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... Ossip Samoilovitch Bernstein, (1882 to 1962), born in Imperial Russia in 1882 to a family of Jewish heritage, his family grew up in the anti-semitic atmosphere of pre-revolutionary Russia. ... Manuel Golmayo y de la Torriente (12 June 1883, Havana, Cuba – 7 March 1973, Madrid) was a Spanish chess master. ... This article is about the Spanish capital. ...

From 1921 to 1927, Alekhine amassed an excellent tournament record, winning or sharing first prize in about two-thirds of the many tournaments he played. His least successful efforts were: a tie for 3rd place at Vienna 1922 behind Akiba Rubinstein and Richard Réti; and 3rd place at New York 1924 behind ex-champion Emanuel Lasker and world champion José Raúl Capablanca (but ahead of Frank James Marshall, Richard Réti, Géza Maróczy, Efim Bogoljubov, Savielly Tartakower, Frederick Yates, Edward Lasker and David Janowski).^[8][13] Technically Alekhine's play was mostly better than his competitors', even Capablanca's, but he lacked confidence when playing his major rivals.^[7] Akiba Rubinstein (born 12 December 1882, died 15 March 1961 in Antwerp) was a brilliant Polish chess master and a famous grandmaster at the beginning of the 20th century. ... Richard Réti (1889 – 1929) was a Czechoslovakian chess player, although he was born in what was then Hungary. ... Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German World Chess Champion, mathematician, and philosopher born at Berlinchen in Brandenburg (now Barlinek in Poland). ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 – March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess player in the early to mid-twentieth century. ... This article is about the early 20th century chess champion. ... Richard Réti (1889 – 1929) was a Czechoslovakian chess player, although he was born in what was then Hungary. ... Géza Maróczy (pronounced GEH-zaw MAHR-ot-see, not MarOXy) (3 March 1870—29 May 1951) was a leading Hungarian chess master, one of the best players in the world in his time. ... Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubov, alternatively Yefim Bogolyubov, (1889 – 1952) was a leading Russian chess master. ... Ksawery Tartakower (generally known as Saviely or Savielly in English, from Polish Sawielly meaning little Saul, less often Xavier Tartacover or Xavier Tartakover; 1887–1956) was a leading Polish and French chess Grandmaster. ... Frederick Yates (January 16 1884 – November 10, 1932) was a chess master who won the British Championship six times. ... Edward Lasker (Breslau, December 3, 1885- New York, March 25, 1981) was a leading American chess and go player. ... Dawid Janowski (1868 - 1927) was a leading Polish chess master. ...

Alekhine's major goal throughout this period was to arrange and win a match with Capablanca.^[7] He thought the greatest obstacle was not Capablanca's play but the requirement under the 1922 "London rules" (at Capablanca's insistence) to raise a purse of US $10,000, of which the defending champion would receive over half even if defeated (US $10,000 in 1927 would be worth about $391,000 in 2006).^[14][15]) Alekhine in November 1921, and Rubinstein and Aaron Nimzowitsch in 1923 challenged Capablanca, but were unable to raise the $10,000.^[16][17] That was therefore Alekhine's preliminary objective; he even went on tour, playing simultaneous exhibitions for modest fees day after day.^[18] In New York on April 27, 1924, Alekhine broke the world record for blindfold play when he played 26 opponents (the previous record was 25, set by Gyula Breyer), winning sixteen games, losing five, and drawing five after 12 hours of play. He broke his own world record on February 1, 1925 by playing 28 games blindfold simultaneously in Paris, winning twenty-two, drawing three, and losing three.^[6][19] Aron Nimzowitsch (also Nimzovich or Niemzowitsch) (November 7, 1886, Riga - March 16, 1935, Denmark) was a Latvian chess grandmaster. ... is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ... Gyula Breyer (1893 – 1921) was a Hungarian chess player. ... is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1925 he became a French citizen and entered the Sorbonne Faculty of law. Although sources differ about whether he completed his studies there, he was known as "Dr. Alekhine" in the 1930s.^[6][7][20] His thesis was on the Chinese prison system. "He received a degree in law in Saint Petersburg in 1914 but never practiced."^[21] The Sorbonne, Paris, in a 17th century engraving The historic University of Paris (French: ) first appeared in the second half of the 12th century, but was in 1970 reorganised as 13 autonomous universities (University of Paris I–XIII). ... Faculty of law is another name for a law school or school of law, the terms commonly used in the United States. ... For other uses, see Law (disambiguation). ...

In October 1926, he won in Buenos Aires. In December 1926 to January 1927 Alekhine beat Max Euwe 5½-4½ in a match. In 1927 he married his third wife, Nadiezda Vasiliev (née Fabritzky) (Nadejda Fabritzky, Nadezhda Vasilieff), another older woman, the widow of the Russian general V. Vasiliev (Vassilieff).^[22] For other uses, see Buenos Aires (disambiguation). ... Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wÉ™/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. ...

World Chess Champion, first reign (1927–35)

In 1927 Alekhine's challenge to Capablanca was backed by a group of Argentinian businessmen and the president of Argentina, who guaranteed the funds,^[23] and organized by the Club Argentino de Ajedrez (Argentine Chess Club) in Buenos Aires.^[14] In September and November 1927 at Buenos Aires, Alekhine won the title of World Chess Champion, scoring six wins, three losses, and twenty-five draws. Alekhine's victory surprised almost the entire chess world, since he had never previously won a single game from Capablanca.^[24] Alekhine prepared very thoroughly for the title match and even changed his playing style to resemble Capablanca's most of the time, attacking rarely and only when he was certain that he had the advantage. It may also have been significant that this was the first contest in which Capablanca had no easy wins.^[25] As a result the match was the longest since the series between Labourdonnais and McDonnell in 1834.^[7] José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 – March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess player in the early to mid-twentieth century. ... For other uses, see Buenos Aires (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais (1795 - 1840) was a French chess master, the strongest player in the early 19th century. ... Alexander McDonnell (1798-1835) was an Irish chess master, who contested a series of six matches with the world’s leading player in the summer of 1834. ...

Immediately after winning the match Alekhine announced that he was willing to give Capablanca a return match, on the same terms that Capablance had required as champion - the challenger must provide a stake of US $10,000, of which more than half would go to the defending champion even if he was defeated.^[14] It was especially hard for Capablanca to raise such an amount because of the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression that followed.^[26] Negotiations dragged on for several years, often breaking down when agreement seemed in sight. Their relationship became bitter, and Alekhine demanded much higher appearance fees for tournaments in which Capablanca also played.^[7] Crowd gathering on Wall Street. ... For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ...

Sonn after becoming the champion, Alekhine swept a two-game exhibition match in New York against Charles Jaffe, who had supplied analysis to him during the match with Capablanca.^[27] Charles Jaffé (Jaffe) (born March 1883, Dubrovna, Belarus – died 12 July 1941, USA) an American chess master. ...

After the world championship match, Alekhine returned to Paris and spoke against Bolshevism. Afterwards, Nikolai Krylenko, president of the Soviet Chess Federation, published an official memorandum stating that Alekhine should be regarded as an enemy of the Soviets. The Soviet Chess Federation broke all contact with Alexander Alekhine until the end of the 1930s. His older brother Alexei Alekhine, with whom Alexander Alekhine had had a very close relationship, publicly repudiated him and his anti-Soviet utterances shortly after, but Alexei may have had little choice about this.^[28] In August 1939, Alexei Alekhine was murdered in Russia.^[29] Bolshevik Party Meeting. ... Nikolai Krylenko Nikolai Vasilyevich Krylenko (Russian: Николай Васильевич Крыленко) (May 2, 1885, Bekhteevo (Бехтеево), Smolensk region, Russian Empire – July 29, 1938, Moscow) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet politician. ...

After defeating Capablanca, Alekhine dominated chess into the mid-1930s.^[7] His most famous tournament victories were at San Remo in 1930 (no losses; 3½ points ahead of Aron Nimzowitsch) and Bled in 1931 (no losses; 5½ points ahead of Efim Bogoljubow). He won most of his other tournaments outright, shared first place in two, and the first tournament in which he placed lower was Hastings 1933−34 (shared 2nd place, ½ point behind Salo Flohr). In 1933 he also swept an exhibition match against Rafael Cintron in San Juan (+4 –0 =0), although he only managed to draw another match with Ossip Bernstein in Paris (+1 –1 =2).^[30] The name San Remo can refer to several different things: San Remo, Italy – a large town in Italy San Remo, Victoria – a town in Victoria, Australia The San Remo – an apartment building in New York City This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might... Aron Nimzowitsch (also Nimzovich or Niemzowitsch) (November 7, 1886, Riga – March 16, 1935, Denmark) was a chess player of grandmaster strength and a very influential chess writer. ... Area: 188. ... Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubov (1889 – 1952) was a leading Ukrainian chess master. ... For other uses, see Hastings (disambiguation). ... This article needs to be wikified. ... San Juan, the Spanish for Saint John, is a common toponym in parts of the world where Spanish is or was spoken: Argentina San Juan Province San Juan, Argentina, the capital of that province Cuba San Juan Hill Mexico San Juan, Campeche San Juan, Chihuahua San Juan, Coahuila San Juan... Ossip Samoilovitch Bernstein, (1882 to 1962), born in Imperial Russia in 1882 to a family of Jewish heritage, his family grew up in the anti-semitic atmosphere of pre-revolutionary Russia. ...

Alekhine (left) vs. Bogoljubow (right); Emanuel Lasker (seated, center) and others look on.

Although he never agreed terms for a rematch against Capablanca, Alekhine played two world title matches with Bogoljubow, an official "Challenger of FIDE", in 1929 and 1934, winning handily both times.^[31][32] The first match was held at Wiesbaden, Heidelberg, Berlin, The Hague, and Amsterdam from September through November, 1929. Alekhine won with eleven wins, nine draws, and five losses.^[12] From April to June 1934, Alekhine faced Bogoljubow again in a title match held in twelve German cities, defeating him by five games (+8 -3 =15).^[30] In 1929 Bogoljubow was 40 years old and perhaps already past his peak.^[33] Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German World Chess Champion, mathematician, and philosopher born at Berlinchen in Brandenburg (now Barlinek in Poland). ... Wiesbaden is a city in central Germany. ... For other uses, see Heidelberg (disambiguation). ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... Hague redirects here. ... For other uses, see Amsterdam (disambiguation). ...

Between 1930 and 1935 Alekhine played on board one for France at four Chess Olympiads, winning: the first brilliancy prize at Hamburg in 1930;^[34] gold medals for board one at Prague in 1931 and Folkestone in 1933;^[35][36] and the silver medal for board one at Warsaw in 1935.^[37] His loss to Latvian master Hermanis Matisons at Prague in 1931 was his first loss in a serious chess event since winning the world championship.^[6] The Chess Olympiad is a chess event which has been officially organised by FIDE since 1927 and takes place in even years. ... For other uses, see Hamburg (disambiguation). ... Gold Medal is an album by American band The Donnas, released in 2004. ... For other uses, see Prague (disambiguation). ... , Folkestone (IPA: ) is a resort town on the south coast of Kent, England, traditionally known as The Garden Coast. Situated at the foot of the North Downs, the town has stunning views of the surrounding countryside as well as the coast of France. ... A silver medal is a medal awarded to the second place finisher of contests (typically athletics competitions) such as the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games, etc. ... For other uses, see Warsaw (disambiguation) and Warszawa (disambiguation). ... Hermanis Matisons (1894 – 1932), (also known as Herman Mattison), was a Latvian chess player and one of worlds most highly regarded chess masters in the early 1930s. ...

In the early 1930s Alekhine travelled the world giving simultaneous exhibitions, including Hawaii, Tokyo, Manila, Singapore,^[38] Shanghai, Hong Kong, and the Dutch East Indies. In July 1933, Alekhine played thirty-two people blindfold (a new world record) simultaneously in Chicago, winning 19, drawing 9 and losing 4 games.^[39] A simultaneous exhibition (often abbreviated to simul) is an event where chess masters play multiple chess games at a time with selected players (usually below master strength). ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... For other uses, see Tokyo (disambiguation). ... For other meanings of the word, see Manila (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Shanghai (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ...

In 1934 Alekhine married his fourth wife, Grace Freeman (née Wishard), 16 years his senior. She was the American-born widow of a British tea-planter in Ceylon, who retained her British citizenship to the end of her life and remained Alekhine's wife until his death.^[6][40] The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (ශ්රී ලංකා in Sinhala / இலங்கை in Tamil) (known as Ceylon before 1972) is a tropical island nation off the southeast coast of the Indian subcontinent. ...

Loss of the World title (1935–1937)

Alekhine accepted a challenge from Max Euwe, who in the early 1930s was regarded as one of three credible challengers (the others were Capablanca and Salo Flohr).^[7] On October 3, 1935 the world championship match began in Zandvoort, The Netherlands, and Alekhine took an early lead. But from game thirteen onwards Euwe won twice as many games as Alekhine, and became the new champion on December 15, 1935 with nine wins, thirteen draws, and eight losses.^[41] This was the first world championship match that officially had seconds: Alekhine had the services of Salo Landau, and Euwe had Geza Maroczy.^[42] Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wÉ™/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 - March 8, 1942) was a famous Cuban chess player in the early to mid twentieth century. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... Zandvoort is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... Salo Landau (1903–1944) was a Dutch chess player, who died in a Nazi concentration camp. ... Geza Maroczy (1870-1951) was a leading Hungarian chess master. ...

Euwe's win was a major upset, and is sometimes attributed to Alekhine's alcoholism.^[40] But Flohr, who also assisted Euwe during the match, thought overconfidence caused more problems than alcohol for Alekhine in this match, and Alekhine himself had previously said he would win easily.^[43][44] Later World Champions Vassily Smyslov, Boris Spassky, Anatoly Karpov and Garry Kasparov analyzed the match for their own benefit and concluded that Euwe deserved to win and that the standard of play was worthy of a world championship.^[43] Alcoholism is the consumption of, or preoccupation with, alcoholic beverages to the extent that this behavior interferes with the drinkers normal personal, family, social, or work life, and may lead to physical or mental harm. ... Vasily Smyslov Vasily Vasiliyevich Smyslov (Васи́лий Смысло́в) (born March 24, 1921) is a chess player. ... Boris Spassky Boris Vasilievich Spassky (also Spasskij) (Russian: ) (born January 30, 1937) is a Russian chess player and former world champion. ... Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov (Russian: ) (born May 23, 1951) is a Russian chess grandmaster and former World Champion. ... Garry Kasparov (Russian: ; Russian pronunciation: , Armenian: [1]) (born as Garri Kimovich Weinstein [2] on April 13, 1963, in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR; now Azerbaijan) is a Russian chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, writer and political activist. ...

In the eighteen months after losing the title Alekhine played in ten tournaments, with uneven results: tied for first with Paul Keres at Bad Nauheim in May 1936; first place at Dresden in June 1936; second behind Salo Flohr at Poděbrady in July 1936; sixth, behind Capablanca, Mikhail Botvinnik, Reuben Fine, Samuel Reshevsky, and Euwe at Nottingham in August 1936; third, behind Euwe and Fine, at Amsterdam in October 1936; tied for first with Salo Landau at Amsterdam (Quadrangular), also in October 1936; in 1936/37 he won at the Hastings New Year tournament, ahead of Fine and Erich Eliskases; first place at Nice (Quadrangular) in March 1937; third, behind Keres and Fine, at Margate in April 1937; tied for fourth with Keres, behind Flohr, Reshevsky and Vladimirs Petrovs, at Kemeri in June–July 1937; tied for second with Bogoljubow, behind Euwe, at Bad Nauheim (Quadrangular) in July 1937.^[6] Paul Keres Paul Keres (born January 7, 1916, in Narva, Estonia; died June 5, 1975, in Helsinki, Finland) was an Estonian chess grandmaster and one of the strongest chess players of all time, apart from the World chess champions. ... Bad Nauheim is a town in the Wetteraukreis district of Hesse state of Germany. ... This article is about the city in Germany. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (IPA: ; Russian: ) (August 17 [O.S. August 4] 1911 - May 5, 1995) was a Russian International Grandmaster and long-time World Champion of chess. ... Reuben Fine (October 11, 1914 â€“ March 26, 1993) was one of the best chess players in the world from the mid 1930s through the early 1940s, an International Grandmaster, as well as a chess author, psychologist, and psychology author. ... Samuel Herman (Sammy) Reshevsky (born Szmul Rzeszewski, November 26, 1911, Ozorków, (then German Empire, today Poland) - died April 4, 1992, New York, USA) was a leading American chess Grandmaster. ... For other uses, see Nottingham (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Amsterdam (disambiguation). ... Salo Landau (1903–1944) was a Dutch chess player, who died in a Nazi concentration camp. ... For other uses, see Amsterdam (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Hastings (disambiguation). ... Erich Gottlieb Eliskases (February 15, 1913 - February 2, 1997) was a leading chess player of the 1930s and 1940s who represented Austria, Germany and Argentina in international competition. ... This article is about the French city. ... Margate is a town in Thanet, Kent, England (population about 60,000). ... Vladimirs Petrovs or Vladimir Petrov (1907 – 1943) was a Latvian chess player. ... Bad Nauheim is a town in the Wetteraukreis district of Hesse state of Germany. ...

World Chess Champion, second reign (1937–46)

Alekhine about 1945.

1937–1939

Max Euwe was quick to arrange a return match with Alekhine, something José Raúl Capablanca had been unable to obtain after Alekhine won the world title in 1927. Alekhine regained the title from Euwe in December 1937 by a large margin (+10 –4 =11). In this match, held in the Netherlands, Euwe was seconded by Reuben Fine, and Alekhine by Erich Eliskases. The match was a real contest initially, but Euwe's play collapsed near the end and he lost four of the last five games.^[45][25] Fine attributed the collapse to nervous tension, possibly aggravated by Euwe's attempts to maintain a calm appearance. Alekhine played no more title matches, so he held the title until his death.^[7] Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wÉ™/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 – March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess player in the early to mid-twentieth century. ... Reuben Fine (October 11, 1914 â€“ March 26, 1993) was one of the best chess players in the world from the mid 1930s through the early 1940s, an International Grandmaster, as well as a chess author, psychologist, and psychology author. ... Erich Gottlieb Eliskases (February 15, 1913 - February 2, 1997) was a leading chess player of the 1930s and 1940s who represented Austria, Germany and Argentina in international competition. ...

In March 1938 Alekhine won at Carrasco in Montevideo. In April 1938, he won at Margate. In September 1938, he tied for first with Sir George Alan Thomas in Plymouth. In November 1938, he tied for 4-6th with Max Euwe and Samuel Reshevsky, behind Paul Keres, Reuben Fine, and Mikhail Botvinnik, but ahead of José Raúl Capablanca and Salo Flohr, at the AVRO tournament, the Netherlands. This tournament was played in each of several Dutch cities for a few days at a time; it was therefore perhaps not surprising that rising stars took the first 3 places, as the older players found the travel very tiring.^[7] For other uses, see Montevideo (disambiguation). ... Margate is a town in Thanet, Kent, England (population about 60,000). ... Sir George Alan Thomas (b. ... This article is about the city in England. ... Samuel Herman (Sammy) Reshevsky (born Szmul Rzeszewski, November 26, 1911, Ozorków, (then German Empire, today Poland) - died April 4, 1992, New York, USA) was a leading American chess Grandmaster. ... Paul Keres Paul Keres (born January 7, 1916, in Narva, Estonia; died June 5, 1975, in Helsinki, Finland) was an Estonian chess grandmaster and one of the strongest chess players of all time, apart from the World chess champions. ... Reuben Fine (October 11, 1914 â€“ March 26, 1993) was one of the best chess players in the world from the mid 1930s through the early 1940s, an International Grandmaster, as well as a chess author, psychologist, and psychology author. ... Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (IPA: ; Russian: ) (August 17 [O.S. August 4] 1911 - May 5, 1995) was a Russian International Grandmaster and long-time World Champion of chess. ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 – March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess player in the early to mid-twentieth century. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... The AVRO tournament was a chess tournament held in 1938. ...

Immediately after the AVRO tournament Mikhail Botvinnik, who had finished in third place, challenged Alekhine to a match for the world championship. They agreed on a prize fund of US $10,000 with two-thirds going to the winner, and that, if the match were to take place in Moscow, Alekhine would be invited at least three months in advance so that he could play in a tournament to get ready for the match. Other details had not been agreed when World War II interrupted negotiations, which the two players resumed after the war.^[46] Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (IPA: ; Russian: ) (August 17 [O.S. August 4] 1911 - May 5, 1995) was a Russian International Grandmaster and long-time World Champion of chess. ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

After winning the 1938 AVRO tournament Paul Keres also challenged Alekhine to a match for the world championship. Negotiations were proceeding in 1939 when they were disrupted by World War II. During the war Keres' home country, Estonia, was invaded first by the USSR, then by Germany, then by the USSR again. At the end of the war the Soviet government prevented Keres from continuing the negotiations, on the grounds that he had collaborated with the Germans during their occupation of Estonia.^[47] Paul Keres Paul Keres (born January 7, 1916, in Narva, Estonia; died June 5, 1975, in Helsinki, Finland) was an Estonian chess grandmaster and one of the strongest chess players of all time, apart from the World chess champions. ... State motto (Russian): Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Capital Moscow Official language None; Russian (de facto) Government Federation of Soviet republics Area  - Total  - % water 1st before collapse 22,402,200 km² Approx. ...

Alekhine was representing France at first board in the eighth Chess Olympiad at Buenos Aires 1939 when World War II broke out in Europe. He won the individual silver medal (9 wins, no losses, 7 draws), behind Capablanca (only results from finals A and B - separately for both sections - counted for best individual scores).^[48] Shortly after the Olympiad Alekhine won tournaments in Montevideo and Caracas. The Chess Olympiad is a chess event which has been officially organised by FIDE since 1927 and takes place in even years. ... For other uses, see Buenos Aires (disambiguation). ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... For other uses, see Montevideo (disambiguation). ... Nickname: Motto: Ave María Santísima, sin pecado concebida, en el primer instante de su ser natural. ...

World War II (1939–1945)

Unlike many participants in the 1939 Chess Olympiad,^[48], Alekhine returned to Europe and was enlisted in the French army as a sanitation officer.^[40] In March 1941 a series of articles appeared under Alekhine's name in the Pariser Zeitung, a German-language newspaper published in Paris by the occupying German forces. Among other things these articles said that Jews had a great talent for exploiting chess but showed no signs of chess artistry; described the Hypermodern theories of Aron Nimzowitsch and Richard Réti as "this cheap bluff, this shameless self-publicity", hyped by "the majority of Anglo-Jewish pseudo-intellectuals"; and described his 1937 match with Euwe as "a triumph against the Jewish conspiracy".^[49] This article is about the capital of France. ... The Queens Indian Defence is a hypermodern opening Hypermodernism is a school of chess thought which advocates controlling the centre of the board with distant pieces rather than with pawns, thus inviting the opponent to occupy the centre with pawns which can then become objects of attack. ... Aron Nimzowitsch (also Nimzovich or Niemzowitsch) (November 7, 1886, Riga – March 16, 1935, Denmark) was a chess player of grandmaster strength and a very influential chess writer. ... Richard Réti (1889 – 1929) was a Czechoslovakian chess player, although he was born in what was then Hungary. ...

Alekhine took part in chess tournaments in Munich, Salzburg, Krakow/Warsaw, and Prague, organised by Ehrhardt Post, President of the Nazi-controlled Grossdeutscher Schachbund ("Greater Germany Chess Federation") - Paul Keres, Efim Bogoljubow and several other strong masters in Nazi-occupied Europe also played in such events.^[50] In September 1941, he tied for second-third with Erik Lundin in Munich (Europa-Turnier). The event was won by Gösta Stoltz. In October 1941, he tied for first with Paul Felix Schmidt at Krakow/Warsaw (2nd GG Tournament). In December 1941, he won in Madrid. In 1941, he won a mini-match with Lopez Esnaola in Vitoria. In June 1942, he won in Salzburg. In September 1942, he won in Munich (Europameisterschaft – the Nazis styled it the 1st European Championship).^[51][52] In October 1942, he won at Warsaw/Lublin/Krakow (3rd GG Tournament). In December 1942, he tied for first with Klaus Junge in Prague (Duras Memorial). In March 1943, he drew a mini-match (+1 –1 =0) with Bogoljubow in Warsaw. In April 1943, he won in Prague. In June 1943, he tied for first with Paul Keres in Salzburg. For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ... This article is about the capital of the Austrian state of Salzburg. ... This article needs cleanup. ... For other uses, see Warsaw (disambiguation) and Warszawa (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Prague (disambiguation). ... Alfred M. Erhardt Post (23 September 1881, Cottbus – 1 August 1947, Berlin) was a German chess master. ... Paul Keres Paul Keres (born January 7, 1916, in Narva, Estonia; died June 5, 1975, in Helsinki, Finland) was an Estonian chess grandmaster and one of the strongest chess players of all time, apart from the World chess champions. ... Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubov (1889 – 1952) was a leading Ukrainian chess master. ... Erik Lundin (born 2 July 1904 – died 5 December 1988) a Swedish chess master. ... Gösta Stoltz (born 9 May 1904 – died 25 July 1963) – a Swedish chess grandmaster. ... Paul Felix Schmidt (born 20 August 1916 at Narva, Estonia – died 11 August 1984 at Allentown,USA) was an Estonian–German chess master. ... This article is about the Spanish capital. ... Vitoria (population: 224,965 (2004 est), is the capital city of the province of Álava and of the Comunidad Vasca Spanish autonomous region, though it is the second city of the region by population. ... This article is about the capital of the Austrian state of Salzburg. ... View of the tournament hall from the Mens (Zegrze) 2005 event The European Individual Chess Championship is a chess tournament organized by the European Chess Union. ... Klaus Junge (born 1 January 1924 at Concepción, Chile - died 17 April 1945, at Welle, Germany) was one of the youngest German chess masters. ... For other uses, see Prague (disambiguation). ... Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubov (1889 – 1952) was a leading Ukrainian chess master. ... Paul Keres Paul Keres (born January 7, 1916, in Narva, Estonia; died June 5, 1975, in Helsinki, Finland) was an Estonian chess grandmaster and one of the strongest chess players of all time, apart from the World chess champions. ... This article is about the capital of the Austrian state of Salzburg. ...

By late 1943, Alekhine was spending all of his time in Spain and Portugal, as the German representative to chess events. This also allowed him to get away from the onrushing Soviet invasion into eastern Europe.^[29]

In April 1944, he narrowly won a match against Ramón Rey Ardid in Zaragoza (+1 –0 =3). In July 1944, he won in Gijon, with 7½/8. In March 1945, he won at Madrid, with 8½/9. In July 1945, he tied for second place with Antonio Medina, with 6½/9, in Gijón; the event was won by Antonio Rico with 8/9. In August 1945, he won in Sabadell, with 7½/9. In August 1945, he tied for first with Lopez Nunez in Almeria, with 5½/8. In September 1945, he won in Melilla, with 6½/7. In Autumn 1945, he took second in Caceres, behind Francisco Lupi, with 3½/5 (Lupi scored 4/5). Alekhine's last chess match was with Lupi at Estoril near Lisbon, Portugal, in January, 1946. Alekhine won two games, lost one, and drew one.^[53] Ramón Rey Ardid (20 December 1903, Zaragoza – 21 January 1988) was a Spanish chess master. ... For other uses, see Zaragoza (disambiguation). ... Capital Gijón Area  - total  - % of Asturias Ranked 22nd 181. ... This article is about the Spanish capital. ... Antonio Angel José Medina y García (2 October 1919, Barcelona - 31 October 2003, Barcelona) was a Spanish chess master. ... Antonio Rico (26 February 1908 – 16 December 1988) was a Spanish chess master. ... Sabadell is one of the largest cities in the comarca (similar to the UK counties) of Vallès Occidental in Catalonia. ... Almer a (2003 pop. ... Capital Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked  20 km²   Population  â€“ Total (2006)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked  66,871    3,343. ... The following places are called C ceres: The C ceres province in Spain. ... Francisco Lupi was a Portuguese chess master. ... Estoril Beach Estoril is a civil parish of the Portuguese municipality of Cascais. ... For other uses, see Lisbon (disambiguation). ...

Alekhine took an interest in the development of the young Arturo Pomar and devoted a section of his last book (¡Legado! 1946) to him. Both played at Gijon 1944, when Pomar was aged 12, and he achieved a creditable draw.^[54] Arturo Pomar Salamanca (born 1 September 1931, Palma de Mallorca) a Spanish chess master. ...

His last year

After World War II, Alekhine was not invited to chess tournaments outside the Iberian Peninsula, because of his alleged Nazi affiliation. His original invitation to the London 1946 tournament was withdrawn when the other competitors protested.^[3] While planning for a World championship match against Botvinnik,^[46] he died in his hotel room in Estoril, Portugal. The circumstances of his death are still a matter of debate. It is usually attributed to a heart attack, but a letter in Chess Life magazine from a witness to the autopsy stated that choking on meat was the actual cause of death. Some have speculated that he was murdered by a French "Death Squad" or possibly by the NKVD (later KGB). His burial was sponsored by FIDE, and the remains were transferred to the Cimetière du Montparnasse, Paris, France in 1956.^[55][56] Estoril Beach Estoril is a civil parish of the Portuguese municipality of Cascais. ... Chess Life is the official publication of the United States Chess Federation (USCF), and reaches more than a quarter of a million readers every month. ... Emblem of the NKVD The NKVD (Russian: ,  ) or Peoples Commissariat for Internal Affairs was the leading secret police organization of the Soviet Union that was responsible for political repression during the Stalinist era. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Cimetière du Montparnasse is a famous cemetery in the Montparnasse quarter of Paris, France. ... This article is about the capital of France. ...

Assessment

Playing strength and style

Main article: Comparing top chess players throughout history

Statistical ranking systems differ sharply in their views of Alekhine. "Warriors of the Mind" rates him only the 18th strongest of player all time and comments that victories over players like Efim Bogoljubov and Max Euwe are not a strong basis for an "all time" ranking.^[57] But the website "Chessmetrics" ranks him between the 4th and 8th best ever, depending on the lengths of the peak periods being compared, and concludes that at his absolute peak he was a little stronger than Emanuel Lasker and Jose Raul Capablanca, although a little weaker than Mikhail Botvinnik.^[58] Jeff Sonas, the author of the website "Chessmetrics", rates Alekhine as the sixth best player of all-time on the basis of comparable ratings.^[59] He also assesses Alekhine's victory at the tournament of San Remo in 1930 as the sixth best performance in tournaments ever.^[59] In his 1978 book The Rating of Chessplayers, Past and Present, Arpad Elo gave retrospective ratings to players based on their performance over the best five-year span of their career. This concluded that Alekhine was the joint 5th strongest player of those surveyed (tied with Paul Morphy and Vasily Smyslov), behind Capablanca, Botvinnik, Emanuel Lasker and Mikhail Tal.^[60] This article examines a number of methodologies that have been suggested for the task of comparing top chess players throughout history, particularly the question of comparing the greatest players of different eras. ... Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubov, alternatively Yefim Bogolyubov, (1889 – 1952) was a leading Russian chess master. ... Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wÉ™/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. ... Chessmetrics is a system for rating chess players devised by Jeff Sonas. ... Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German World Chess Champion, mathematician, and philosopher born at Berlinchen in Brandenburg (now Barlinek in Poland). ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 - March 8, 1942) was a famous Cuban chess player in the early to mid twentieth century. ... Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (IPA: ; Russian: ) (August 17 [O.S. August 4] 1911 - May 5, 1995) was a Russian International Grandmaster and long-time World Champion of chess. ... . Árpád Élő (1903-1992) is the creator of the ELO rating system. ... Paul Charles Morphy (June 22, 1837 - July 10, 1884), The Pride and Sorrow of Chess, was an American chess player. ... Vasily Vasiliyevich Smyslov (Russian: ) (born March 24, 1921, in Moscow) is a Russian chess grandmaster, and was World Chess Champion from 1957 to 1958. ... Mikhail Tal (Latvian: ; Russian: , Mikhail Nekhemievich Tal, IPA: , sometimes transliterated Mihail Tal) (November 9, 1936–June 28, 1992) was a Soviet-Latvian chess player, a Grandmaster, and the eighth World Chess Champion. ...

Alekhine's peak period was in the early 1930s, when he won almost every tournament he played, sometimes by huge margins. After that his play declined, and he never won a top-class tournament after 1934. After Alekhine regained his world title in 1937 there were several new contenders, all of whom would have been very dangerous challengers.^[7]

Alekhine was one of the greatest attacking players, and could apparently produce combinations at will. What set him apart from most other attacking players was his ability to see the potential for an attack and prepare for it in positions where others saw nothing. As Richard Réti puts it, "he beats his opponents by analysing simple and apparently harmless sequences of moves in order to see whether at some time or another at the end of it an original possibility, and therefore one difficult to see, might be hidden."^[61] Rudolf Spielmann, a master tactician who produced many brilliancies, said this ability to create positions in which brilliancies were possible was Alekhine's great strength.^[7] Max Euwe said, "Alekhine is a poet who creates a work of art out of something that would hardly inspire another man to send home a picture post-card."^[62] John Nunn commented that "Alekhine had a special ability to provoke complications without taking excessive risks",^[63] and Edward Winter called him "the supreme genius of the complicated position."^[64] Some of Alekhine's combinations are so complex that even modern champions and contenders disagree in their analyses of them.^[65] In chess, a combination is a relatively long sequence of moves, often initiated by a sacrifice, which leaves the opponent few options and results in tangible gain. ... Richard Réti (1889 – 1929) was a Czechoslovakian chess player, although he was born in what was then Hungary. ... Rudolf Spielmann (5 May 1883 - 20 August 1942) was an Austrian-Jewish chess player of the romantic school. ... Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wÉ™/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. ... John Denis Martin Nunn (born April 25, 1955) is an English chess player and mathematician. ... Edward Winter as Colonel Flagg on M*A*S*H Edward Winter (June 3, 1937 in Ventura, California - March 8, 2001 in Woodland Hills, California) was an American actor perhaps most well-known for his role as the Military Intelligence officer, Lieutenant Colonel/Colonel Flagg on the television series M...

Nevertheless Garry Kasparov said that Alekhine's attacking play was based on solid positional foundations,^[65] and Harry Golombek went further, saying that "Alekhine was the most versatile of all chess geniuses, being equally at home in every style of play and in all phases of the game."^[66] Reuben Fine, a serious contender for the world championship in the late 1930s, wrote in the 1950s that Alekhine's collection of best games was one of the three most beautiful that he knew,^[7] and Golombek was equally impressed.^[66] Garry Kasparov (Russian: ; Russian pronunciation: , Armenian: [1]) (born as Garri Kimovich Weinstein [2] on April 13, 1963, in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR; now Azerbaijan) is a Russian chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, writer and political activist. ... Harry Golombek (March 1, 1911–January 7, 1995), was a British chess player and honorary grandmaster. ... Reuben Fine (October 11, 1914 â€“ March 26, 1993) was one of the best chess players in the world from the mid 1930s through the early 1940s, an International Grandmaster, as well as a chess author, psychologist, and psychology author. ...

Alekhine's games have a higher percentage of wins than those of any other World Champion, and his drawn games are on average among the longest of all champions'.^[67] Alekhine's desire to win extended beyond formal chess competition. When Fine beat him in some casual games in 1933, Alekhine demanded a match for a small stake. And in table tennis, which Alekhine played enthusiastically but badly, he would often crush the ball when he lost.^[7] Ping Pong redirects here. ...

Alekhine's style had a profound influence on Garry Kasparov, who said: "Alexander Alekhine is the first luminary among the others who are still having the greatest influence on me. I like his universality, his approach to the game, his chess ideas. I am sure that the future belongs to Alekhine chess."^[68] Garry Kasparov (Russian: ; Russian pronunciation: , Armenian: [1]) (born as Garri Kimovich Weinstein [2] on April 13, 1963, in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR; now Azerbaijan) is a Russian chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, writer and political activist. ...

Influence on the game

Several openings and opening variations are named after Alekhine. In addition to the well-known Alekhine's Defence (1.e4 Nf6) and the Albin-Chatard-Alekhine attack in the "orthodox" Paulsen variation of the French Defense, ^[69] there are Alekhine Variations in: the Vienna Game, the Exchange Variation of the Ruy Lopez, the Winawer Variation of the French Defense; the Dragon Variation of the Sicilian Defense, the Queen's Gambit Accepted, the Slav Defense, the Queen's Pawn Game, the Catalan Opening and the Dutch Defense (where 3 different lines bear his name).^[70] A chess opening is the group of initial moves of a chess game (the opening moves). ... Moves 1. ... Chess position after 1. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Moves 1. ... The Sicilian defence is a chess opening which begins with: 1. ... The Queens Gambit Accepted, commonly abbreviated to QGA, is a chess opening characterized by the opening moves 1. ... The Slav Defense is a chess opening that begins with the moves (in algebraic chess notation) 1. ... In the most general sense the term Queens Pawn Game can refer to any chess opening which starts with 1. ... The Catalan is a chess opening which can be considered to be White adopting a mixture of the Queens Gambit and Réti Opening: White plays d4 and c4 and fianchettos his bishop on g2. ... The Dutch Defence is a chess opening characterised by the moves 1. ...

Composition by Alekhine

White to move and win.

Alekhine also composed a few endgame studies. One of them is shown on the right, a miniature (a study with a maximum of seven pieces). Solution: 1.g5! Kc6 2.Ke5 Kd7 3.Kd5! (3.Kf6? Kxd6 4.Kxf7 Ke5) 3. ...Kd8 4.Kc6 and White wins.^[71] Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ... An endgame study, or just study, is a composed chess position—that is, one that has been made up rather than one from an actual game—presented as a sort of puzzle, in which the aim of the solver is to find a way for White, moving first, to win...

Alekine wrote over 20 books on chess, mostly annotated editions of the games in a major match or tournament, plus collections of his best games between 1908 and 1937.^[72] Unlike Wilhelm Steinitz, Emanuel Lasker, José Raúl Capablanca and Max Euwe, he wrote no books that explained his ideas about the game or showed beginners how to improve their play.^[64] His books appeal to expert players rather than beginners^[7]: they contain many long analyses of variations in critical positions and "singularities and exceptions were his forte, not rules and simplifications".^[64] Wilhelm (later William) Steinitz (May 17, 1836, Prague–August 12, 1900, New York) was a Jewish-Austrian-American chess player and the first official world chess champion. ... Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German World Chess Champion, mathematician, and philosopher born at Berlinchen in Brandenburg (now Barlinek in Poland). ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 – March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess player in the early to mid-twentieth century. ... Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wÉ™/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. ...

Although Alekhine was declared an enemy of the Soviet Union after his anti-Bolshevik statement in 1928,^[28] he was gradually rehabilitated by the Soviet chess elite following his death in 1946. Alexander Kotov's research on Alekhine's games and career, culminating in a biography,^[73] led to a Soviet series of Alekhine Memorial tournaments, with the first being at Moscow 1956, won jointly by Mikhail Botvinnik and Vasily Smyslov.^[74] In their book The Soviet School of Chess Kotov and Yudovich devoted a chapter to Alekhine and called him "Russia's greatest player" and praised his capacity for seizing the initiative by concrete tactical play in the opening.^[75] Botvinnik wrote that the Soviet School of chess learned from Alekhine's fighting qualities, capacity for self-criticism and combinative vision.^[76] Alekhine had written that success in chess required "Firstly, self-knowledge; secondly, a firm comprehension of my opponent’s strength and weakness; thirdly, a higher aim – ... artistic and scientific accomplishments which accord our chess equal rank with other arts."^[77] Alexander Kotov (Александр Александрович Котов) (August 12, 1913 – January 8, 1981) was a chess grandmaster and author. ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (IPA: ; Russian: ) (August 17 [O.S. August 4] 1911 - May 5, 1995) was a Russian International Grandmaster and long-time World Champion of chess. ... Vasily Vasiliyevich Smyslov (Russian: ) (born March 24, 1921, in Moscow) is a Russian chess grandmaster, and was World Chess Champion from 1957 to 1958. ...

Accusations of "improving" games

"He allegedly made up games against fictitious opponents in which he came out the victor and had these games published in various chess magazines."^[78] In a recent book Andy Soltis lists "Alekhine’s 15 Improvements".^[79] The most famous example is his game with five queens in Moscow in 1915. In the actual game Alekhine, playing as Black, beat Grigoriev in the Moscow 1915 tournament; but in one of his books he presented the "five Queens" variation (starting with a move he rejected as Black in the original game) as an actual game won by the White player in Moscow in 1915 (he did not say in who was who in this version, nor that it was in the tournament).^[80] Andrew Soltis (born May 28, 1947) is a chess author and columnist as well as a Grandmaster. ... Promotion is a chess term describing the transformation of a pawn that reaches the eighth square into the players choice of a queen, knight, bishop, or rook. ... Queen. ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ...

Chess historian Edward Winter investigated a game Alekhine allegedly won in 15 moves via a Queen sacrifice at Sabadell in 1945.^[81] Some photos of the game in progress were discovered, that showed the players during the game and their chessboard. Based on the position that the chess pieces had taken on the chessboard in this photo, the game could never have taken the course that was stated in the published version. This raised suspicions that the published version was made up. However, even if the published version is a fake, there is no doubt that Alekhine did defeat his opponent in the actual game, and there is no evidence that Alekhine was the source of the spectacular 15-move win whose authenticity is doubted.^[82] Edward Winter as Colonel Flagg on M*A*S*H Edward Winter (June 3, 1937 in Ventura, California - March 8, 2001 in Woodland Hills, California) was an American actor perhaps most well-known for his role as the Military Intelligence officer, Lieutenant Colonel/Colonel Flagg on the television series M... In the game of chess, a sacrifice is the deliberate giving up of a chess piece by a player, allowing or even forcing the opponent to capture it. ... Sabadell is one of the largest cities in the comarca (similar to the UK counties) of Vallès Occidental in Catalonia. ...

Accusations of anti-Semitism

During World War II, Alekhine played in several tournaments held in Germany or German-occupied territory, as did many other players in occupied and neutral countries (including Paul Keres, Efim Bogoljubow , Gösta Stoltz, Jan Foltys and Gedeon Barcza).^[50] In March 1941, a series of anti-Semitic articles entitled Aryan and Jewish Chess appeared under his name in the Pariser Zeitung.^[29] Alekhine was reported as making further anti-Semitic statements in interviews for two Spanish newspapers in September 1941; in one of these it was said that "Aryan chess was aggressive chess ... on the other hand, the Semitic concept admitted the idea of pure defence."^[49] Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Paul Keres Paul Keres (born January 7, 1916, in Narva, Estonia; died June 5, 1975, in Helsinki, Finland) was an Estonian chess grandmaster and one of the strongest chess players of all time, apart from the World chess champions. ... Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubov (1889 – 1952) was a leading Ukrainian chess master. ... Gösta Stoltz (born 9 May 1904 – died 25 July 1963) – a Swedish chess grandmaster. ... Jan Foltys (13 October 1908, Svinov – 11 March 1952, Ostrava), was a Czech chess master. ... Gedeon (Gideon) Barcza (August 21, 1911 in Kisujszállás – February 27, 1986 in Budapest) was a Hungarian chess master. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

The articles in the Pariser Zeitung mis-spelled the names of several famous chess masters, which could be interpreted as evidence of forgery or as attempts by Alekhine to signal that he was being forced to write things that he did not believe; but these could simply have been typesetting errors, as Alekhine's handwriting was not easy to read. The articles also contained incorrect claims that that Carl Schlechter was a Jew and that Lionel Kieseritzky was a Polish Jew (his name was spelt "Kienezitzky", and Kieseritzky was neither Polish nor Jewish). This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Carl Schlechter Carl Schlechter (March 2, 1874 - December 27, 1918) was a leading Austrian chess master at the turn of the 20th century. ... Lionel Adalbert Bagration Felix Kieseritzky (born January 1, 1806 in Dorpat (Tartu), Estonia - died May 18, 1853, in Paris, France) was a 19th century chess master, famous primarily for a game he lost against Adolf Anderssen, which was so brilliant it was named The Immortal Game . Lionel Kieseritzky was born...

Almost immediately after the liberation of Paris Alekhine publicly stated that "he had to write two chess articles for the Pariser Zeitung before the Germans granted him his exit visa ... Articles which Alekhine claims were purely scientific were rewritten by the Germans, published and made to treat chess from a racial viewpoint." He wrote at least two further disavowals, in an open letter to the organizer of the 1946 London tournament (W. Hatton-Ward) and in his posthumous book ¡Legado!. These three denials are phrased differently.

Extensive investigations by Ken Whyld have not yielded conclusive evidence of the authenticity of the articles. Chess writer Jacques Le Monnier claimed in a 1986 issue of Europe Échecs that in 1958 he saw some of Alekhine's notebooks and found, in Alekhine’s own handwriting, the exact text of the first anti-Semitic article, which appeared in Pariser Zeitung on March 18, 1941. However in his 1973 book 75 parties d’Alekhine ("75 of Alekhine's games") Le Monnier had written "It will never be known whether Alekhine was behind these articles or whether they were manipulated by the editor of the Pariser Zeitung." Kenneth Whyld (March 6, 1926 - July 11, 2003) was a British chess author and researcher, best known as the co-author (with David Hooper) of the Oxford Companion to Chess, the standard single-volume chess reference work in English. ... is the 77th day of the year (78th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ...

British chess historian Edward G. Winter writes: "Although, as things stand, it is difficult to construct much of a defence for Alekhine, only the discovery of the articles in his own handwriting will settle the matter beyond all doubt." Under current French copyright law, Alekhine's notebooks will not enter the public domain until January 1, 2017.^[49] Edward Winter is a noted journalist and author about chess. ... Not to be confused with copywriting. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2017 (MMXVII) will be a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

There is evidence that Alekhine was not anti-Semitic in his personal or chess relationships with Jews. In June 1919, he was arrested by the Cheka, imprisoned in Odessa and sentenced to death. Yakov Vilner, a Jewish master, saved him by sending a telegram to the chairman of the Ukrainian Council of People's Commissars, who knew of Alekhine and ordered his release.^[83] Alekhine accepted and apparently used chess analysis from Charles Jaffe in his World Championship match against Capablanca. Jaffe was a Jewish master who lived in New York, where Alekhine often visited, and upon his return to New York after defeating Capablanca, Alekhine played a short match as a favour to Jaffe, without financial remuneration.^[27] Alekhine's second for the 1935 match with Max Euwe was the master Salo Landau, a Dutch Jew. The American Jewish grandmaster Arnold Denker wrote that he found Alekhine very friendly in chess settings, with productive analysis sessions and consultation games. Denker also wrote that Alekhine treated the younger and (at that time) virtually unproven Denker to dinner on many occasions in New York during the 1930s, when the economy was very weak because of the Great Depression. Denker added that Alekhine, during the early 1930s, opined that the American Jewish grandmaster Isaac Kashdan might be his next challenger (this did not in fact occur).^[84] Alekhine also married an American Jew, Grace Wishard, as his fourth wife (Mrs. Grace Alekhine was the women’s champion of Paris in 1944).^[85] For the reggaeton aritst, see Cheka (artist). ... The ODESSA, which stands for the German phrase Organisation der ehemaligen SS-Angehörigen, which phrase in turn translates as “Organization of Former Members of the SS,” is the name commonly given to an international Nazi network alleged to have been set up towards the end of World War II... Yakov Vilner (born 1899 – died 1930’s ?) was an Ukrainian chess master. ... Charles Jaffé (Jaffe) (born March 1883, Dubrovna, Belarus – died 12 July 1941, USA) an American chess master. ... This article is about the state. ... Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wÉ™/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. ... Salo Landau (1903–1944) was a Dutch chess player, who died in a Nazi concentration camp. ... Arnold Sheldon Denker (February 20, 1914 – January 2, 2005) was an American chess player. ... For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ... Isaac Kashdan (1905–1985) was an American chess player. ...

Notable chess games

• Efim Bogolyubov vs Alexander Alekhine, Hastings 1922, Dutch Defence, Classical Variation (A91), 0-1 This has been called one of the greatest games ever played, with some incredibly deep variations as Black prepares to queen a pawn.
• Ernst Gruenfeld vs Alexander Alekhine, Karlsbad 1923, Queen's Gambit Declined: Orthodox Defense. Rubinstein Attack (D64) Gruenfeld makes no obvious mistakes but his slow build-up lets Alekhine take the initiative and start squeezing him off the board. Gruenfeld desperately tries to free his position and is crushed by a series of sacrifices that forces the win of a piece or checkmate.
• Richard Reti vs Alexander Alekhine, Baden Baden 1925, Hungarian Opening: Reversed Alekhine (A00) A tactically complex game in which Alekhine unleashes a 12-move combination that wins a Knight.
• Jose Raul Capablanca vs Alexander Alekhine, World Championship match, Buenos Aires 1927, Queen's Gambit Declined (D52), 0-1 The game ends in an interesting position with four queens on the board.
• Alexander Alekhine vs Aron Nimzowitsch, San Remo 1930, French Defence, Winawer Variation (C17), 1-0 One of the shortest games ending in a zugzwang -- by the 26th move, Black is already strategically lost and has no good moves.
• Gideon Stahlberg vs Alexander Alekhine, Hamburg 1930, 3rd Olympiad, Nimzo-Indian Defence, Spielmann Variation (E23), 0-1 1st best game prize.
• Alexander Alekhine vs Emanuel Lasker, Zurich 1934, Queen's Gambit Declined, Orthodox Defense, Bd3 line (D67), 1-0 A short game ending with a queen sacrifice. After the tournament Lasker said: "Alekhine's attacking genius has no equal in the history of the game".
• Max Euwe vs Alexander Alekhine, World Championship Match, game 4, The Hague 1935, Grunfeld Defence, Russian Variation (D81), 0-1 Alekhine sacrifices two rooks, but traps up Euwe's King in the centre, wins the queen, then finishes elegantly.

Zugzwang (German for compulsion to move, IPA: ) is a term used in combinatorial game theory and in other types of games (particularly in chess). ...

Writings

Alekine wrote over 20 books on chess.^[72] Some of the best-known are:

• Alekhine, Alexander (1985). My Best Games of Chess 1908-1937. Dover. ISBN 0-486-24941-7.  Originally published in two volumes as My Best Games of Chess 1908-1923 and My Best Games of Chess 1924-1937
• Alekhine, Alexander (1992). 107 Great Chess Battles 1939-1945. Dover. ISBN 0-486-27104-8. 
• Alekhine, Alexander (1968). The Book of the Hastings International Masters' Chess Tournament 1922. Dover. ISBN 0-486-21960-7. 
• Alekhine, Alexander (1961). The Book of the New York International Chess Tournament 1924. Dover. ISBN 0-486-20752-8. 
• Alekhine, Alexander (1962). The Book of the Nottingham International Chess Tournament. Dover. ISBN 0-486-20189-9. 
• Alekhine, Alexander (1973). The World's Chess Championship, 1937. Dover. ISBN 0-486-20455-3. 

Summary of results in competitions

Tournament results

Here are Alekhine's placings and scores in tournaments:^{[6][12][8][86][30][87][88][89]}

• Under Score, + games won, = games drawn, − games lost

For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... Düsseldorf (IPA: ) is the capital city of the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and one of the economic and cultural centres of Germany and western Europe. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... For other uses, see Hamburg (disambiguation). ... Carl Schlechter Carl Schlechter (March 2, 1874 - December 27, 1918) was a leading Austrian chess master at the turn of the 20th century. ... Cologne (German: , IPA: ; local dialect: Kölle ) is Germanys fourth-largest city after Berlin, Hamburg and Munich, and is the largest city both in the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than... Czech Republic Karlovy Vary Karlovy Vary 59. ... Richard Teichmann (1868–1925) was a leading German chess player. ... For other uses, see Stockholm (disambiguation). ... Rudolf Spielmann (5 May 1883 - 20 August 1942) was an Austrian-Jewish chess player of the romantic school. ... Not to be confused with Vilnius city municipality. ... The Russian Chess Championship has taken various forms throughout history. ... Akiba Rubinstein (born 12 December 1882, died 15 March 1961 in Antwerp) was a brilliant Polish chess master and a famous grandmaster at the beginning of the 20th century. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... Grigory Yakovlevich Levenfish (March 9, 1889 - February 9, 1961) was a leading Jewish Russian chess grandmaster of the 1920s and 1930s. ... Scheveningen pier Scheveningen is part of Den Haag, the Netherlands. ... Dawid Markelowicz Janowski (1868 – 1927) was a leading Polish-Jewish chess master. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... The Russian Chess Championship has taken various forms throughout history. ... Aron Nimzowitsch (also Nimzovich or Niemzowitsch) (November 7, 1886, Riga – March 16, 1935, Denmark) was a chess player of grandmaster strength and a very influential chess writer. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German World Chess Champion, mathematician, and philosopher born at Berlinchen in Brandenburg (now Barlinek in Poland). ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 – March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess player in the early to mid-twentieth century. ... Siegbert Tarrasch Siegbert Tarrasch (March 5, 1862 – February 17, 1934) was one of the strongest chess players of the late 19th century and early 20th century. ... This article is about the early 20th century chess champion. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... This article is about the early 20th century chess champion. ... Mannheim is a city in Germany. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... Winner list: 1991 (58th,Moscow) Minasian, Artashes 1990 (57th,Leningrad) Beliavsky, Alexander / Yudasin, Leonid / Bareev, Evgeny / Vyzmanavin, Alexey ex aequo 1989 (56th,Odessa) Vaganian, Rafael 1988 (55th,Moscow) Karpov, Anatoly / Kasparov, Garry ex aequo 1987 (54th,Minsk) Beliavsky, Alexander 1986 (53rd,Kiev) Tseshkovsky, Vitaly 1985 (52nd,Riga) Gavrikov, Viktor / Gurevich... Triberg is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located in the Schwarzwald-Baar district in the Black Forest. ... Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubov, alternatively Yefim Bogolyubov, (1889 – 1952) was a leading Russian chess master. ... For other uses, see Budapest (disambiguation). ... Ernst Franz Grünfeld (November 21, 1893 – April 3, 1962), chess player specializing in opening theory and author, was for a brief period after the First World War one of the strongest chess players in the world. ... Hague redirects here. ... Ksawery Tartakower (generally known as Saviely or Savielly in English, from Polish Sawielly meaning little Saul, less often Xavier Tartacover or Xavier Tartakover; 1887–1956) was a leading Polish and French chess Grandmaster. ... Rudolf Spielmann (5 May 1883 - 20 August 1942) was an Austrian-Jewish chess player of the romantic school. ... Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubov, alternatively Yefim Bogolyubov, (1889 – 1952) was a leading Russian chess master. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 – March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess player in the early to mid-twentieth century. ... Milan Vidmar (June 22, 1885 – October 9, 1962) was a Slovene electrical engineer, chess player, chess theorist, philosopher and writer, born in Ljubljana, Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia). ... Akiba Rubinstein (born 12 December 1882, died 15 March 1961 in Antwerp) was a brilliant Polish chess master and a famous grandmaster at the beginning of the 20th century. ... Akiba Rubinstein (born 12 December 1882, died 15 March 1961 in Antwerp) was a brilliant Polish chess master and a famous grandmaster at the beginning of the 20th century. ... Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubov, alternatively Yefim Bogolyubov, (1889 – 1952) was a leading Russian chess master. ... Sir George Alan Thomas (b. ... For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ... Akiba Rubinstein (born 12 December 1882, died 15 March 1961 in Antwerp) was a brilliant Polish chess master and a famous grandmaster at the beginning of the 20th century. ... Margate is a town in Thanet, Kent, England (population about 60,000). ... Ernst Franz Grünfeld (November 21, 1893 – April 3, 1962), chess player specializing in opening theory and author, was for a brief period after the First World War one of the strongest chess players in the world. ... Czech Republic Karlovy Vary Karlovy Vary 59. ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 – March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess player in the early to mid-twentieth century. ... Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubov, alternatively Yefim Bogolyubov, (1889 – 1952) was a leading Russian chess master. ... For other places with the same name, see Portsmouth (disambiguation). ... This article is about the state. ... Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German chess player and mathematician, born at Berlinchen in Brandenburg (now Barlinek in Poland). ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 – March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess player in the early to mid-twentieth century. ... This article is about the early 20th century chess champion. ... Richard Réti (1889 – 1929) was a Czechoslovakian chess player, although he was born in what was then Hungary. ... Géza Maróczy (pronounced GEH-zaw MAHR-ot-see, not MarOXy) (3 March 1870—29 May 1951) was a leading Hungarian chess master, one of the best players in the world in his time. ... Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubov, alternatively Yefim Bogolyubov, (1889 – 1952) was a leading Russian chess master. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Ksawery Tartakower (generally known as Saviely or Savielly in English, from Polish Sawielly meaning little Saul, less often Xavier Tartacover or Xavier Tartakover; 1887–1956) was a leading Polish and French chess Grandmaster. ... For other uses, see Berne (disambiguation). ... , Baden-Baden is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... Akiba Rubinstein (born 12 December 1882, died 15 March 1961 in Antwerp) was a brilliant Polish chess master and a famous grandmaster at the beginning of the 20th century. ... Milan Vidmar (June 22, 1885 – October 9, 1962) was a Slovene electrical engineer, chess player, chess theorist, philosopher and writer, born in Ljubljana, Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia). ... The Semmering is a mountain pass in the Eastern Northern Limestone Alps connecting Lower Austria and Styria between which it forms a natural border. ... Rudolf Spielmann (5 May 1883 - 20 August 1942) was an Austrian-Jewish chess player of the romantic school. ... This article is about the city in Germany. ... Aron Nimzowitsch (also Nimzovich or Niemzowitsch) (November 7, 1886, Riga - March 16, 1935, Denmark) was a Latvian chess grandmaster. ... This article is on the English seaside resort. ... This article is about the British city. ... Eugene Alexandrovich Znosko-Borovsky (1884-1954) was a Russian chess master, writer, teacher and literary critic. ... For other uses, see Buenos Aires (disambiguation). ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 – March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess player in the early to mid-twentieth century. ... Aron Nimzowitsch (also Nimzovich or Niemzowitsch) (November 7, 1886, Riga - March 16, 1935, Denmark) was a Latvian chess grandmaster. ... Milan Vidmar (June 22, 1885 – October 9, 1962) was a Slovene electrical engineer, chess player, chess theorist, philosopher and writer, born in Ljubljana, Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia). ... This article is about the early 20th century chess champion. ... The city of Kecskemét lies in the central part of Hungary, half way between Budapest and Szeged, 86 kilometers from both of them, almost equal distance from the two big rivers of our country, the Danube and the Tisza. ... Aron Nimzowitsch (also Nimzovich or Niemzowitsch) (November 7, 1886, Riga – March 16, 1935, Denmark) was a chess player of grandmaster strength and a very influential chess writer. ... Lajos Steiner (born 14 June 1903, Nagyvárad (Oradea) – died 22 April 1975, Sydney) In 1923, he tied for 4-5th in Vienna. ... Lajos Steiner (born 14 June 1903, Nagyvárad (Oradea) – died 22 April 1975, Sydney) In 1923, he tied for 4-5th in Vienna. ... The name San Remo can refer to several different things: San Remo, Italy – a large town in Italy San Remo, Victoria – a town in Victoria, Australia The San Remo – an apartment building in New York City This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might... Aron Nimzowitsch (also Nimzovich or Niemzowitsch) (November 7, 1886, Riga - March 16, 1935, Denmark) was a Latvian chess grandmaster. ... Akiba Rubinstein (born 12 December 1882, died 15 March 1961 in Antwerp) was a brilliant Polish chess master and a famous grandmaster at the beginning of the 20th century. ... Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubov, alternatively Yefim Bogolyubov, (1889 – 1952) was a leading Russian chess master. ... Frederick Yates (January 16 1884 – November 10, 1932) was a chess master who won the British Championship six times. ... This article is about the French city. ... Area: 188. ... Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubov, alternatively Yefim Bogolyubov, (1889 – 1952) was a leading Russian chess master. ... Aron Nimzowitsch (also Nimzovich or Niemzowitsch) (November 7, 1886, Riga - March 16, 1935, Denmark) was a Latvian chess grandmaster. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Isaac Kashdan (1905–1985) was an American chess player. ... Gösta Stoltz (born 9 May 1904 – died 25 July 1963) – a Swedish chess grandmaster. ... Milan Vidmar (June 22, 1885 – October 9, 1962) was a Slovene electrical engineer, chess player, chess theorist, philosopher and writer, born in Ljubljana, Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia). ... For other uses, see Berne (disambiguation). ... Prof. ... For other uses, see Berne (disambiguation). ... Hans Johner (7 January 1889 in Basle, Switzerland — 2 December 1975 in Thalwil, Switzerland) was a Swiss chess player. ... Paul Johner (10 September 1887, Zürich, Switzerland – 25 October 1938, Berlin, Germany) was a Swiss chess master. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Pasadena may refer to: Cities in the United States: Pasadena, Texas Pasadena, California Pasadena, Maryland Cities in Canada: Pasadena, Newfoundland Other place names called Pasadena: Pasadena, South Australia, a suburb of Adelaide South Pasadena, California South Pasadena, Florida Pasadena Hills, Missouri Pasadena Park, Missouri Other: USS Pasadena (SSN-752), a... Isaac Kashdan (1905–1985) was an American chess player. ... Nickname: Location of Mexico City Coordinates: , Country Federal entity Boroughs The 16 delegaciones Founded c. ... Isaac Kashdan (1905–1985) was an American chess player. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Ksawery Tartakower (generally known as Saviely or Savielly in English, from Polish Sawielly meaning little Saul, less often Xavier Tartacover or Xavier Tartakover; 1887–1956) was a leading Polish and French chess Grandmaster. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Andre Lilienthal (born 5 May 1911) is a Hungarian chess grandmaster. ... (Conel) Hugh ODonel Alexander (19 April 1909 – 15 February 1974) was a British cryptanalyst and chess player. ... Erich Gottlieb Eliskases (February 15, 1913 - February 2, 1997) was a leading chess player of the 1930s and 1940s who represented Austria, Germany and Argentina in international competition. ... Nickname: Motto: Sterker door strijd (Stronger through Struggle) Location of Rotterdam Coordinates: , Country Province Government  - Mayor Ivo Opstelten  - Aldermen Jeannette Baljeu Hamit Karakus Orhan Kaya Lucas Bolsius Jantine Kriens Dominic Schrijer Roelf de Boer Leonard Geluk Area [1]  - Total 319 km² (123. ... For other uses of Zurich, see Zurich (disambiguation). ... Hans Johner (7 January 1889 in Basle, Switzerland — 2 December 1975 in Thalwil, Switzerland) was a Swiss chess player. ... Örebro [Å“rÉ™bruː] is a city in Närke in central Sweden. ... Erik Lundin (born 2 July 1904 – died 5 December 1988) a Swedish chess master. ... Bad Nauheim is a town in the Wetteraukreis district of Hesse state of Germany. ... Paul Keres Paul Keres (born January 7, 1916, in Narva, Estonia; died June 5, 1975, in Helsinki, Finland) was an Estonian chess grandmaster and one of the strongest chess players of all time, apart from the World chess champions. ... This article is about the city in Germany. ... Ludwig Engels (born 11 December 1905, Düsseldorf, Germany – died 10 January 1967, São Paulo, Brazil) was a German–Brazilian chess master. ... Coordinates: , Country Region District Nymburk Government  - Mayor Lubomír Zíta Area  - City 33. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... For other uses, see Nottingham (disambiguation). ... Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (IPA: ; Russian: ) (August 17 [O.S. August 4] 1911 - May 5, 1995) was a Russian International Grandmaster and long-time World Champion of chess. ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 – March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess player in the early to mid-twentieth century. ... Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wÉ™/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. ... Reuben Fine (October 11, 1914 â€“ March 26, 1993) was one of the best chess players in the world from the mid 1930s through the early 1940s, an International Grandmaster, as well as a chess author, psychologist, and psychology author. ... Samuel Herman (Sammy) Reshevsky (born Szmul Rzeszewski, November 26, 1911, Ozorków, (then German Empire, today Poland) - died April 4, 1992, New York, USA) was a leading American chess Grandmaster. ... For other uses, see Amsterdam (disambiguation). ... Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wÉ™/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. ... Reuben Fine (October 11, 1914 â€“ March 26, 1993) was one of the best chess players in the world from the mid 1930s through the early 1940s, an International Grandmaster, as well as a chess author, psychologist, and psychology author. ... For other uses, see Amsterdam (disambiguation). ... Salo Landau (1903–1944) was a Dutch chess player, who died in a Nazi concentration camp. ... Reuben Fine (October 11, 1914 â€“ March 26, 1993) was one of the best chess players in the world from the mid 1930s through the early 1940s, an International Grandmaster, as well as a chess author, psychologist, and psychology author. ... Erich Gottlieb Eliskases (February 15, 1913 - February 2, 1997) was a leading chess player of the 1930s and 1940s who represented Austria, Germany and Argentina in international competition. ... Milan Vidmar (June 22, 1885 – October 9, 1962) was a Slovene electrical engineer, chess player, chess theorist, philosopher and writer, born in Ljubljana, Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia). ... Movsas Feigins or Movsa Feigin (28 February 1908 - 11 August 1950) was a Latvian chess master. ... Margate is a town in Thanet, Kent, England (population about 60,000). ... Paul Keres Paul Keres (born January 7, 1916, in Narva, Estonia; died June 5, 1975, in Helsinki, Finland) was an Estonian chess grandmaster and one of the strongest chess players of all time, apart from the World chess champions. ... Reuben Fine (October 11, 1914 â€“ March 26, 1993) was one of the best chess players in the world from the mid 1930s through the early 1940s, an International Grandmaster, as well as a chess author, psychologist, and psychology author. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Vladimirs Petrovs or Vladimir Petrov (1907 – 1943) was a Latvian chess player. ... Samuel Herman (Sammy) Reshevsky (born Szmul Rzeszewski, November 26, 1911, Ozorków, (then German Empire, today Poland) - died April 4, 1992, New York, USA) was a leading American chess Grandmaster. ... Bad Nauheim is a town in the Wetteraukreis district of Hesse state of Germany. ... Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wÉ™/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. ... Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubov, alternatively Yefim Bogolyubov, (1889 – 1952) was a leading Russian chess master. ... This article is about the French city. ... For other uses, see Montevideo (disambiguation). ... Carlos Enrique Guimard (6 April 1913–1998) was an Argentine chess master. ... Margate is a town in Thanet, Kent, England (population about 60,000). ... Rudolf Spielmann (5 May 1883 - 20 August 1942) was an Austrian-Jewish chess player of the romantic school. ... Motto: Je Maintiendrai (Dutch: Ik zal handhaven, English: I Shall Uphold) Anthem: Wilhelmus van Nassouwe Capital Amsterdam1 Largest city Amsterdam Official language(s) Dutch2 Government Parliamentary democracy Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Beatrix  - Prime minister Jan Peter Balkenende Independence Eighty Years War   - Declared July 26, 1581   - Recognised January 30, 1648 (by Spain... The AVRO tournament was a chess tournament held in 1938. ... Paul Keres Paul Keres (born January 7, 1916, in Narva, Estonia; died June 5, 1975, in Helsinki, Finland) was an Estonian chess grandmaster and one of the strongest chess players of all time, apart from the World chess champions. ... Reuben Fine (October 11, 1914 â€“ March 26, 1993) was one of the best chess players in the world from the mid 1930s through the early 1940s, an International Grandmaster, as well as a chess author, psychologist, and psychology author. ... Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (IPA: ; Russian: ) (August 17 [O.S. August 4] 1911 - May 5, 1995) was a Russian International Grandmaster and long-time World Champion of chess. ... Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wÉ™/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. ... Samuel Herman (Sammy) Reshevsky (born Szmul Rzeszewski, November 26, 1911, Ozorków, (then German Empire, today Poland) - died April 4, 1992, New York, USA) was a leading American chess Grandmaster. ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 – March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess player in the early to mid-twentieth century. ... For other uses, see Montevideo (disambiguation). ... Harry Golombek (March 1, 1911–January 7, 1995), was a British chess player and honorary grandmaster. ... Nickname: Motto: Ave María Santísima, sin pecado concebida, en el primer instante de su ser natural. ... For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ... Erik Lundin (born 2 July 1904 – died 5 December 1988) a Swedish chess master. ... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada miasta Kraków Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area 326,8 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 757,500 (2004 est. ... For other uses, see Warsaw (disambiguation) and Warszawa (disambiguation). ... Paul Felix Schmidt (born 20 August 1916 at Narva, Estonia – died 11 August 1984 at Allentown,USA) was an Estonian–German chess master. ... This article is about the Spanish capital. ... This article is about the capital of the Austrian state of Salzburg. ... Paul Keres Paul Keres (born January 7, 1916, in Narva, Estonia; died June 5, 1975, in Helsinki, Finland) was an Estonian chess grandmaster and one of the strongest chess players of all time, apart from the World chess champions. ... For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ... View of the tournament hall from the Mens (Zegrze) 2005 event The European Individual Chess Championship is a chess tournament organized by the European Chess Union. ... Paul Keres Paul Keres (born January 7, 1916, in Narva, Estonia; died June 5, 1975, in Helsinki, Finland) was an Estonian chess grandmaster and one of the strongest chess players of all time, apart from the World chess champions. ... For other uses, see Warsaw (disambiguation) and Warszawa (disambiguation). ... Panorama of Lublin form Trynitarska Tower Coordinates: , Country Voivodeship Powiat city county Gmina Lublin Established before 12th century City Rights 1317 Government  - Mayor Adam Wasilewski Area  - City 147. ... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada miasta Kraków Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area 326,8 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 757,500 (2004 est. ... Klaus Junge (born 1 January 1924 at Concepción, Chile - died 17 April 1945, at Welle, Germany) was one of the youngest German chess masters. ... For other uses, see Prague (disambiguation). ... Klaus Junge (born 1 January 1924 at Concepción, Chile - died 17 April 1945, at Welle, Germany) was one of the youngest German chess masters. ... For other uses, see Prague (disambiguation). ... Paul Keres Paul Keres (born January 7, 1916, in Narva, Estonia; died June 5, 1975, in Helsinki, Finland) was an Estonian chess grandmaster and one of the strongest chess players of all time, apart from the World chess champions. ... This article is about the capital of the Austrian state of Salzburg. ... Paul Keres Paul Keres (born January 7, 1916, in Narva, Estonia; died June 5, 1975, in Helsinki, Finland) was an Estonian chess grandmaster and one of the strongest chess players of all time, apart from the World chess champions. ... Location Location of Gijon Coordinates : Time zone : General information Native name Gijón / Xixón (Asturian) Spanish name Gijón Postal code 33200 to 33299 Website http://www. ... This article is about the Spanish capital. ... Location Location of Gijon Coordinates : Time zone : General information Native name Gijón / Xixón (Asturian) Spanish name Gijón Postal code 33200 to 33299 Website http://www. ... Antonio Angel José Medina y García (2 October 1919, Barcelona - 31 October 2003, Barcelona) was a Spanish chess master. ... Antonio Rico (26 February 1908 – 16 December 1988) was a Spanish chess master. ... Sabadell is one of the largest cities in the comarca (similar to the UK counties) of Vallès Occidental in Catalonia. ... Almer a (2003 pop. ... Capital Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked  20 km²   Population  â€“ Total (2006)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked  66,871    3,343. ... The following places are called C ceres: The C ceres province in Spain. ... Francisco Lupi was a Portuguese chess master. ...

Match results

Here are Alekhine's results in matches:^{[6][12][87][90]}

• Under Score, + games won, = games drawn, − games lost

Curt von Bardeleben ( 1861- 1924) was a count and a German chess master who committed suicide by jumping out of a window in 1924. ... Hans Fahrni (born 1 October 1874, Prague – died 28 May 1939, Bern) was a Swiss chess master. ... Benjamin Blumenfeld (born 24 May 1884, Volkovysk - died 5 March 1947, Moscow) was a Russian chess master. ... Vladimir Nenarokov (1880 – 1953) was a Russian chess master and theoretician. ... Stepan (Stefan) Levitsky (Levitski, Lewitzki) (25 April 1876, Serpukhov – 21 March 1924, Glubokaya) was a Russian chess master. ... Edward Lasker (Breslau, December 3, 1885- New York, March 25, 1981) was a leading American chess and go player. ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 – March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess player in the early to mid-twentieth century. ... Aron Nimzowitsch (also Nimzovich or Niemzowitsch) (November 7, 1886, Riga – March 16, 1935, Denmark) was a chess player of grandmaster strength and a very influential chess writer. ... Alexander Evensohn (Evenson, Evensson) (born 1892 – died 1919) was an Ukrainian chess master. ... Boris Markovich Verlinsky (born 8 January 1888, Bakhmut, Ukraine – died 1950, Moscow, Russia) was an Ukrainian-Russian chess master. ... Nikolay Dmitrievich Grigoriev was a Russian chess player and a composer of endgame studies. ... Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubov (1889 – 1952) was a leading Ukrainian chess master. ... Richard Teichmann (1868–1925) was a leading German chess player. ... Friedrich Sämisch (September 20, 1896, Berlin–August 16, 1975, Berlin) was a German chess grandmaster. ... Ossip Samoilovitch Bernstein, (1882 to 1962), born in Imperial Russia in 1882 to a family of Jewish heritage, his family grew up in the anti-semitic atmosphere of pre-revolutionary Russia. ... Manuel Golmayo y de la Torriente (12 June 1883, Havana, Cuba – 7 March 1973, Madrid) was a Spanish chess master. ... Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wÉ™/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 – March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess player in the early to mid-twentieth century. ... Charles Jaffé (Jaffe) (born March 1883, Dubrovna, Belarus – died 12 July 1941, USA) an American chess master. ... Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubov (1889 – 1952) was a leading Ukrainian chess master. ... Ossip Samoilovitch Bernstein, (1882 to 1962), born in Imperial Russia in 1882 to a family of Jewish heritage, his family grew up in the anti-semitic atmosphere of pre-revolutionary Russia. ... Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubov (1889 – 1952) was a leading Ukrainian chess master. ... Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wÉ™/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. ... Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wÉ™/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. ... Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wÉ™/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. ... Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubov (1889 – 1952) was a leading Ukrainian chess master. ... Ramón Rey Ardid (20 December 1903, Zaragoza – 21 January 1988) was a Spanish chess master. ... Francisco Lupi was a Portuguese chess master. ...

Chess Olympiad results

Here are Alekhine's results in Chess Olympiads. He played top board for France in all these events. The Chess Olympiad is a chess event which has been officially organised by FIDE since 1927 and takes place in even years. ...

• Under Score, + games won, = games drawn, − games lost

For other uses, see Hamburg (disambiguation). ... Gideon Ståhlberg (or Stahlberg) (1908 – 1967) was a Swedish chess grandmaster. ... For other uses, see Prague (disambiguation). ... Gold Medal is an album by American band The Donnas, released in 2004. ... Hermanis Matisons (1894 – 1932), (also known as Herman Mattison), was a Latvian chess player and one of worlds most highly regarded chess masters in the early 1930s. ... , Folkestone (IPA: ) is a resort town on the south coast of Kent, England, traditionally known as The Garden Coast. Situated at the foot of the North Downs, the town has stunning views of the surrounding countryside as well as the coast of France. ... Gold Medal is an album by American band The Donnas, released in 2004. ... Ksawery Tartakower (generally known as Saviely or Savielly in English, from Polish Sawielly meaning little Saul, less often Xavier Tartacover or Xavier Tartakover; 1887–1956) was a leading Polish and French chess Grandmaster. ... For other uses, see Warsaw (disambiguation) and Warszawa (disambiguation). ... A silver medal is a medal awarded to the second place finisher of contests (typically athletics competitions) such as the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games, etc. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... For other uses, see Buenos Aires (disambiguation). ... A silver medal is a medal awarded to the second place finisher of contests (typically athletics competitions) such as the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games, etc. ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 – March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess player in the early to mid-twentieth century. ...

See also

• List of people who have beaten Alexander Alekhine in chess

Notes

Transcription is the conversion into written, typewritten or printed form, of a spoken language source, such as the proceedings of a court hearing. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Arnold Sheldon Denker (February 20, 1914 – January 2, 2005) was an American chess player. ... Larry Parr is a chess player, author and editor. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Reuben Fine (October 11, 1914 â€“ March 26, 1993) was one of the best chess players in the world from the mid 1930s through the early 1940s, an International Grandmaster, as well as a chess author, psychologist, and psychology author. ... Alexander Valeryevich Khalifman (born January 18, 1966, in Leningrad) is a Russian chess grandmaster and former world champion. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Alexander Valeryevich Khalifman (born January 18, 1966, in Leningrad) is a Russian chess grandmaster and former world champion. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Samuel Herman (Sammy) Reshevsky (born Szmul Rzeszewski, November 26, 1911, Ozorków, (then German Empire, today Poland) - died April 4, 1992, New York, USA) was a leading American chess Grandmaster. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik (Russian: ) (born June 25, 1975) is a Russian chess grandmaster and the World Chess Champion from 2000 to 2007. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Tony Saidy at the 2002 U.S. Chess Championships in Seattle, Washington Anthony Saidy (b. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... John Wesley Donaldson (February 20, 1892 - April 12, 1970) was an American Negro League baseball player. ... Hans Kmoch is an influential chess author. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Gennadi (Gennady) (Genna) Sosonko (born 8 May 1943, Troitsk, Russia) is a Dutch chess grandmaster. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jeremy Silman (born August 25, 1954) is an American International Master of chess. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Gedeon (Gideon) Barcza (August 21, 1911 in Kisujszállás – February 27, 1986 in Budapest) was a Hungarian chess master. ... Alexander Valeryevich Khalifman (born January 18, 1966, in Leningrad) is a Russian chess grandmaster and former world champion. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Raymond Dennis Keene OBE (born 29 January 1948) is a chess grandmaster, but is better known as a chess organiser, columnist and author. ... Nathan Joseph Divinsky (born October 29, 1925) is a mathematician and chess enthusiast who is also known for being the former husband of the 19th Prime Minister of Canada, Kim Campbell. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... . Árpád Élő (1903-1992) is the creator of the ELO rating system. ... Robert James Bobby Fischer (born March 9, 1943) is a United States-born chess Grandmaster who became famous as a teenager for his chess-playing ability, and in 1972 became the only US-born chessplayer to become the official World Chess Champion. ... Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov (Russian: ) (born May 23, 1951) is a Russian chess grandmaster and former World Champion. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... The Fédération Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national chess federations around the world. ... Richard Réti (1889 – 1929) was a Czechoslovakian chess player, although he was born in what was then Hungary. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Reuben Fine (October 11, 1914 â€“ March 26, 1993) was one of the best chess players in the world from the mid 1930s through the early 1940s, an International Grandmaster, as well as a chess author, psychologist, and psychology author. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (IPA: ; Russian: ) (August 17 [O.S. August 4] 1911 - May 5, 1995) was a Russian International Grandmaster and long-time World Champion of chess. ... is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Samuel Herman (Sammy) Reshevsky (born Szmul Rzeszewski, November 26, 1911, Ozorków, (then German Empire, today Poland) - died April 4, 1992, New York, USA) was a leading American chess Grandmaster. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Arnold Sheldon Denker (February 20, 1914 – January 2, 2005) was an American chess player. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

• Winter, Edward (1981). World Chess Champions. Pergamon. ISBN 0-08-024094-1. 
• Hooper, David and Whyld, Kenneth (1996). The Oxford Companion To Chess. Oxford University. ISBN 0-19-280049-3. 
• Kasparov, Garry (2003). Garry Kasparov on My Great Predecessors: Part 1. Everyman Chess. ISBN 1-85744-330-6. 
• Kotov, Alexander (1975). Alexander Alekhine. R.H.M. Press. ISBN 0-89058-007-3. 

Edward Winter is a noted journalist and author about chess. ... David Vincent Hooper (31 August 1915- May 1998), born in Reigate, was a British chess player and writer. ... Kenneth Whyld (March 6, 1926 - July 11, 2003) was a British chess author and researcher, best known as the co-author (with David Hooper) of the Oxford Companion to Chess, the standard single-volume chess reference work in English. ... The Oxford Companion to Chess is a reference book on chess written by David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld. ... Garry Kasparov (Russian: ; Russian pronunciation: , Armenian: [1]) (born as Garri Kimovich Weinstein [2] on April 13, 1963, in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR; now Azerbaijan) is a Russian chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, writer and political activist. ... Alexander Kotov (Александр Александрович Котов) (August 12, 1913 – January 8, 1981) was a chess grandmaster and author. ...

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Alexander Alekhine

• Alekhine at www.chessgames.com. Retrieved on 2008-05-23.
• Alekhine rare interview (sound clip). Retrieved on 2008-05-23.
• Hans Kmoch talks about Alekhine. Retrieved on 2008-05-23.
• Alekhine's death. An unresolved mystery?. Retrieved on 2008-05-23.

‹The template Lifetime is being considered for deletion.›  Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Wikiquote is one of a family of wiki-based projects run by the Wikimedia Foundation, running on MediaWiki software. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 – March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess player in the early to mid-twentieth century. ... The 1984 World Chess Championship was between Anatoly Karpov (left) and Garry Kasparov (right). ... Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wÉ™/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. ... Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wÉ™/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. ... The 1984 World Chess Championship was between Anatoly Karpov (left) and Garry Kasparov (right). ... The Interregnum of World Chess Champions was the period between March 24, 1946 (the date of Alexander Alekhines death) and May 17, 1948 (when Mikhail Botvinnik won a special championship tournament). ... Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (IPA: ; Russian: ) (August 17 [O.S. August 4] 1911 - May 5, 1995) was a Russian International Grandmaster and long-time World Champion of chess. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Wilhelm (later William) Steinitz (May 17, 1836, Prague–August 12, 1900, New York) was a Jewish-Austrian-American chess player and the first official world chess champion. ... Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German World Chess Champion, mathematician, and philosopher born at Berlinchen in Brandenburg (now Barlinek in Poland). ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 – March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess player in the early to mid-twentieth century. ... Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wÉ™/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. ... Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (IPA: ; Russian: ) (August 17 [O.S. August 4] 1911 - May 5, 1995) was a Russian International Grandmaster and long-time World Champion of chess. ... Vasily Vasiliyevich Smyslov (Russian: ) (born March 24, 1921, in Moscow) is a Russian chess grandmaster, and was World Chess Champion from 1957 to 1958. ... Mikhail Tal (Latvian: ; Russian: , Mikhail Nekhemievich Tal, IPA: , sometimes transliterated Mihail Tal) (November 9, 1936–June 28, 1992) was a Soviet-Latvian chess player, a Grandmaster, and the eighth World Chess Champion. ... Tigran Petrosian (Armenian: ) (June 17, 1929 – August 13, 1984) was a former World Chess Champion. ... Boris Spassky Boris Vasilievich Spassky (also Spasskij) (Russian: ) (born January 30, 1937) is a Russian chess player and former world champion. ... Robert James Bobby Fischer (born March 9, 1943) is a United States-born chess Grandmaster who became famous as a teenager for his chess-playing ability, and in 1972 became the only US-born chessplayer to become the official World Chess Champion. ... Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov (Russian: ) (born May 23, 1951) is a Russian chess grandmaster and former World Champion. ... Garry Kasparov (Russian: ; Russian pronunciation: , Armenian: [1]) (born as Garri Kimovich Weinstein [2] on April 13, 1963, in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR; now Azerbaijan) is a Russian chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, writer and political activist. ... Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik (Russian: ) (born June 25, 1975) is a Russian chess grandmaster and the World Chess Champion from 2000 to 2007. ... This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. ... The Fédération Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national chess federations around the world. ... Alexander Valeryevich Khalifman (born January 18, 1966, in Leningrad) is a Russian chess grandmaster and former world champion. ... Ruslan Ponomariov (Ukrainian: ; Russian: ) (born October 11, 1983) is a Ukrainian chess player and former FIDE world champion. ... (Rustam Qosimjonov in Uzbek, Рустам Касымджанов in Russian born December 5, 1979) is a chess grandmaster from Uzbekistan. ... Veselin Topalov (IPA: ; Bulgarian: ) (born 15 March 1975) is a Bulgarian chess grandmaster and former FIDE world champion. ...

is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Estoril Beach Estoril is a civil parish of the Portuguese municipality of Cascais. ...