Alexander Kluge (born February 14, 1932 in Halberstadt, in the vicinity of Magdeburg, Germany) is a noted film director and author. After growing up during the Second World War, he studied law,history and music at the universities of Marburg and Frankfurt am Main, receiving his doctorate in law in 1956. While studying in Frankfurt, Kluge befriended the philosopher Theodor Adorno, who had returned to Germany and was teaching at the Institute for Social Research, or Frankfurt School. Kluge served as a legal counsel for the Institute, and began writing his earliest stories during this period. At Adorno's suggestion, he also began to investigate filmmaking, and in 1958, Adorno introduced him to German filmmaker Fritz Lang. is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Liebfrauenkirche Halberstadt is a city in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. ... This article is about the German city. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... For other uses, see Law (disambiguation). ... This article is about the study of the past in human terms. ... For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ... University of Marburg - Department of Social Sciences and University library The old university The University of Marburg (German: Philipps-Universität Marburg Philips University, Marburg), was founded in 1527 by Landgrave Philipp I of Hesse (usually called the Magnanimous, although the updated meaning haughty is sometimes given) as the... I.G.Farben Building at Campus Westend The Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University of Frankfurt am Main (commonly called the University of Frankfurt) was founded in 1914 as a Citizens University, which means that while it was a State university of Prussia, it had been founded and financed by the wealthy... For other uses, see Frankfurt (disambiguation). ... Max Horkheimer (front left), Theodor Adorno (front right), and Jürgen Habermas in the background, right, in 1965 at Heidelberg. ... The Institute for Social Research (German: Institut für Sozialforschung) is a research organization covering topics such as sociology and continental philosophy, best known as the institutional home of the Frankfurt School. ... Max Horkheimer (front left), Theodor Adorno (front right), and Jürgen Habermas in the background, right, in 1965 at Heidelberg The Frankfurt School is a school of neo-Marxist social theory (which is more akin to anarchism than communism), social research, and philosophy. ... Friedrich Christian Anton Fritz Lang (December 5, 1890 – August 2, 1976) was an Austrian-German-American film director, screenwriter and occasional film producer, one of the best known émigrés from Germanys school of Expressionism. ...

Cinematic Works

Kluge directed his first film in 1960, Brutalität im Stein (Brutality in Stone), a 12-minute, black and white, lyrical montage work which, against the German commercial (Papa's Kino) cinematic amnesia of the prior decade, inaugurated an exploration of the Nazi past. The film premiered in 1961 at what would become the premiere showcase for the new generation of German filmmakers, the Oberhausen Festival. Kluge was one of 27 signatories to the Oberhausen Manifesto of 1962, which marked the launch of the New German Cinema. That same year, with filmmakers Edgar Reitz and Detlev Schleiermacher, Kluge established the Ulm Institut für Filmgestaltung, to promote the critical and aesthetic practices of Young German Film and the New German Cinema. Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... National Socialism redirects here. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Oberhausen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... The Oberhausen Manifesto was a declaration by a group of 26 young German filmmakers at the International Short Film Festival in Oberhausen, North Rhine-Westphalia on February 28, 1962. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... New German cinema is a period in German cinema which lasted from the late 1960s into the 1980s. ... Edgar Reitz (born November 1, 1932 in Morbach, Rhineland-Palatinate) is a German filmmaker. ...

He has gone on to direct a number of important films, which are notable because of their inherent critiques of commercial cinema and television through the creation of a counter-public sphere and their deployment of experimental forms, including montage. They include Yesterday Girl (1966), an adaptation of Kluge's story "Anita G."; Die Artisten in der Zirkuskuppel: ratlos (Artists under the Big Top: Perplexed) (1967); and The Assault of the Present on the Rest of Time (1985). The public sphere is a concept in continental philosophy and critical theory that contrasts with the private sphere, and is the part of life in which one is interacting with others and with society at large. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ...

• 1978 Deutschland im Herbst (Director / Screenwriter)
• 1979 Die Patriotin (Director / Producer)
• 1980 Der Kandidat (Director)
• 1982 Biermann-Film (Director)
• 1983 Die Macht der Gefühle (Director / Producer / Actor: Narrator / Screenwriter)
• 1983 Krieg und Frieden (Director / Screenwriter / Book Author)
• 1985 Vermischte Nachrichten (Director / Producer / Screenwriter)
• 1986 The Blind Director (Director / Screenwriter)
• 1989 Schweinegeld, Ein Märchen der Gebrüder Nimm (Producer)
• 1995 Die Nacht der Regisseure (Actor: Himself (uncredited))

Literary Works

"We don't perceive a contradiction between writing books, making films or producing a television program. These days you can't choose how you want to express yourself anymore."—Alexander Kluge

Kluge is also one of the major German fiction writers of the late 20th century and an important social critic. His fictional works, which tend toward the short story form, are significant for their formal experimentation and insistently critical thematics. Constituting a form of analytical fiction, they utilize techniques of narrative disruption, mixed genres, interpolation of non-literary texts and documents, and perspectival shifts. The texts frequently employ a flat, ironic tone. One frequent effect approximates what Viktor Shklovsky and the Russian Formalists identified as defamiliarization or ostranenie. Kluge has used several of the stories as the bases for his films. The important texts include: This article is in need of attention. ... Viktor Borisovich Shklovsky (or Shklovskii) (January 24, 1893–December 6, 1984) was a Russian and Soviet critic, writer, and pamphleteer. ... // Introduction The distinctive feature of Russian Formalism is the emphasis on the functional role of literary devices and the original conception of the evolution of literary history. ... Defamiliarization or ostranenie (остранение) is the artistic technique of forcing the audience to see common things in an unfamiliar or strange way, in order to enhance perception of the familiar. ... Defamiliarization or ostranenie is the artistic technique of forcing the audience to see common things in an unfamiliar or strange way, in order to enhance perception of the familiar. ...

• 1962 Lebensläufe (Case Histories, also published earlier in English as Attendance List for a Funeral)—this collection includes the story "Anita G.," which Kluge adapted in cinematic form as Yesterday Girl.
• 1964 Schlachtbeschreibung (The Battle)
• 1973 Lernprozesse mit tödlichem Ausgang (Learning Processes with a Deadly Outcome)—this work is one of Kluge's original contributions to the science fiction genre.
• 1977 Neue Geschichten: Hefte 1–18: 'Unheimlichkeit der Zeit" (New Histories: Notebooks 1–18: "The Uncanniness of Time")—a remarkable collection of several hundred stories, some only a page long, interspersed with documents, charts and images.
• 1984 Die Macht der Gefühle (The Power of Feelings)
• 2003 Die Lücke, die der Teufel läßt. (The Devil's Blind Spot)—this collection of 500 stories includes some earlier works; an abridged English-language version appeared in 2004.
• 2006 Tür an Tür mit einem anderen Leben. 350 neue Geschichten.—a collection of 350 new stories published in September.

Two anthologies were published in 2000 and 2001 which together contain the central works of Kluge's and Oskar Negt's collaborative philosophy as well as Kluge's literary work. Some new material was published in each edition. Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ...

• 2000 Chronik der Gefühle (Chronicle of Feeling)—published as two volumes (Basisgeschichten and Lebensläufe) including the works Schlachtbeschreibung, Lernprozesse mit tödlichen Ausgang, Lebensläufe and Neue Geschichten. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
• 2001 Der unterschätzte Mensch (The Undervalued Man)—a two volume edition including Suchbegriffe (26 conversations and interviews first published in a book format), Öffentlichkeit und Erfahrung, Die Maßverhältnisse des Politischen (a completely updated and revised edition Oskar Negt's and Alexander Kluge's critique of Realpolitik), and Geschichte und Eigensinn. Frankfurt am Main: Zweitausendeins.

His awards include the Italian Literature Prize Isola d'Elba in 1967, and almost every major German-language literary prize, including the Heinrich von Kleist Prize in 1985 and the Heinrich-Böll-Preis in 1993. In 2003, he received Germany's highest literary award, the Georg-Büchner-Preis. Realpolitik (German: real (realistic, practical or actual) and Politik (politics) refers to politics or diplomacy based primarily on practical considerations, rather than ideological notions. ... The Kleist Prize is an annual German literature prize. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Georg Büchner Prize (German: Georg-Büchner-Preis) is the most important literary prize of Germany. ...

Kluge's major work of social criticism is Öffentlichkeit und Erfahrung. Zur Organisationsanalyse von bürgerlicher und proletarischer Öffentlichkeit, co-written with Oskar Negt and originally published in 1972. It has been translated into English as Public Sphere and Experience: Toward an Analysis of the Bourgeois and Proletarian Public Sphere. He has also published numerous texts on literary, film and television criticism, and received the Hanns-Joachim-Friedrich Prize for TV Journalism in 2001. Oskar Negt (born August 1, 1934 in Kapkeim) is a philosopher and social theorist in the tradition of critical theory. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• IMDb entry
• Alexander Kluge in the German National Library catalogue
• Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database
• Alexander Kluge
• Hans-Ulrich Obrist's Interview with Alexander Kluge
• Kluge-Müller interviews via Cornell University
• Lohengrin in Leningrad excerpted from Cinema Stories, featured in SOFT TARGETS v.2.1
• http://www.ubu.com/film/kluge.html download movies
• http://www.suhrkamp.de/titel/titel.cfm?bestellnr=41904 download movies