Alexander Ogston

Image:Alexander Ogston.jpg Alexander Ogston
Born	1844 Aberdeen, Scotland
Died	1929 Aberdeen, Scotland
Residence	Aberdeen
Nationality	Scottish
Field	Surgery/Bacteriology
Institution	Aberdeen Royal Infirmary
Alma Mater	University of Aberdeen
Known for	The discovery of Staphylococcus aureus

Sir Alexander Ogston KCVO MB CM MD was a Scottish surgeon, famous for his discovery of Staphylococcus aureus. He was born in Aberdeen in 1844 and died there in 1929. 1844 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Aberdeen, often called The Granite City, is Scotlands third largest city, with a population of approximately 202,370[1]. Aberdeen is the chief commercial centre and seaport in the north-east of Scotland. ... Motto: (Latin for No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots 2 Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Aberdeen, often called The Granite City, is Scotlands third largest city, with a population of approximately 202,370[1]. Aberdeen is the chief commercial centre and seaport in the north-east of Scotland. ... Motto: (Latin for No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots 2 Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... Image File history File links Flag_of_Scotland. ... Aberdeen, often called The Granite City, is Scotlands third largest city, with a population of approximately 202,370[1]. Aberdeen is the chief commercial centre and seaport in the north-east of Scotland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Scotland. ... Motto: (Latin for No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots 2 Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... A cardiothoracic surgeon performs a mitral valve replacement at the Fitzsimons Army Medical Center. ... Microbiology (in Greek micron = small and biologia = studying life) is the study of microorganisms, including unicellular (single-celled) eukaryotes and prokaryotes, fungi, and viruses. ... Aberdeen Royal Infirmary or ARI is a teaching hospital in the city of Aberdeen, Scotland. ... The University of Aberdeen was founded in 1495, in Aberdeen, Scotland. ... Binomial name Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach 1884 Staphylococcus aureus (commonly called staph infection) is a spherical bacterium, frequently living on the skin or in the nose of a healthy person, that can cause illnesses ranging from minor skin infections (such as pimples, boils, and cellulitis) and abscesses, to life-threatening diseases... Victoria founded the Royal Victorian Order. ... The Bachelor of Medicine, abbreviated BM, is an academic degree denoting the degree obtained after studying Medicine at University. ... This article, image, template or category belongs in one or more categories. ... Doctor of Medicine (M.D., from the Latin Medicinæ Doctor) is an academic degree. ... Motto: (Latin for No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots 2 Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... Surgeon may refer to: a practitioner of surgery the moniker of British electronic music producer and DJ, Anthony Child; see Surgeon (musician) This is a disambiguation page—a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Binomial name Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach 1884 Staphylococcus aureus (commonly called staph infection) is a spherical bacterium, frequently living on the skin or in the nose of a healthy person, that can cause illnesses ranging from minor skin infections (such as pimples, boils, and cellulitis) and abscesses, to life-threatening diseases... Aberdeen, often called The Granite City, is Scotlands third largest city, with a population of approximately 202,370[1]. Aberdeen is the chief commercial centre and seaport in the north-east of Scotland. ... 1844 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

University of Aberdeen

Ogston began his medical training at Marischal College in 1862 and graduated in 1865 with honours in medicine and surgery. He obtained his MD a year later in 1866. He was Assistant Professor of Medical Jurisprudence and Materia Medica, Lecturer in Ophthalmology and Anaesthetist before being appointed as Regius Professor of Surgery in 1882.^[1] He is credited with introducing the carbolic spray to Aberdeen.^{[citation needed]} Marschal College viewed from Upper Kirkgate Marischal College was founded in 1593 in Aberdeen by George Keith, 5th Earl Marischal of Scotland. ... Medicine is a branch of health science and the sector of public life concerned with maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, treatment and possible prevention of disease and injury. ... A cardiothoracic surgeon performs a mitral valve replacement at the Fitzsimons Army Medical Center. ... A professor giving a lecture The meaning of the word professor (Latin: one who claims publicly to be an expert) varies. ... Materia medica is a Latin term for any material or substance used in the composition of curative agents in medicine. ... A phoropter in use. ... An anesthesiologist (American English), or anaesthetist (British English), is a medical doctor trained to administer Australia, for example, training is overseen by the United States, anesthesiologists are medical doctors (MD). ... Phenol or carbolic acid is a white crystalline solid, with a chemical formula of C6H5OH, a melting point of 43 C, and a boiling point of 182 C at the pressure of 1 atmosphere (or 101080 Pa). ...

Staphylococcus aureus

During his undergraduate studies, Ogston had learnt of Louis Pasteur's experiments with microorganisms and had observed first-hand Joseph Lister's use of carbolic acid as an antiseptic. Ogston postulated that abscess formation was caused by a microrganism. He viewed pus under a microscope and observed chains and bunches of cocci. When the pus was introduced into experimental subjects, an abscess developed, containing the same cocci that could be demonstrated in the original abscess. In some educational systems, undergraduate education is post-secondary education up to the level of a Bachelors degree. ... Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895) was a French microbiologist and chemist. ... A microorganism or microbe is an organism that is so small that it is microscopic (invisible to the naked eye). ... Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister (April 5, 1827-February 10, 1912) was a famous British surgeon who promoted the idea of sterile surgery while working at the Glasgow Infirmary. ... An antiseptic solution of iodine applied to a cut An antiseptic (Greek αντι, against, and σηπτικος, putrefactive) is a substance that prevents the growth and reproduction of various microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses). ... Pus is a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. ... A microscope (Greek: (micron) = small + (skopein) = to look at) is an instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by the naked or unaided eye. ... coccus (plural - cocci) are any spherical or near spherical bacteria. ...

Transmission electron micrograph of Staphylococcus aureus

The chains of cocci had already been identified and named Streptococci — Ogston therefore named the bunches he observed Staphylococci after the Greek word staphyle, meaning "bunch of grapes". Due to their golden colour, he named the organism he observed Staphylococcus aureus.^[2] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1184x1500, 858 KB) en: Bacterial cells of Staphylococcus aureus, which is one of the causal agents of mastitis in dairy cows. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1184x1500, 858 KB) en: Bacterial cells of Staphylococcus aureus, which is one of the causal agents of mastitis in dairy cows. ... Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an imaging technique whereby a beam of electrons is focused onto a specimen causing an enlarged version to appear on a fluorescent screen or layer of photographic film (see electron microscope), or can be detected by a CCD camera. ... Species S. pneumoniae S. pyogenes S. viridans Streptococcus is a genus of spherical, Gram-positive bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes. ... Species S. aureus Staphylococcus (in Greek staphyle means bunch of grapes and coccos means granule) is a genus of gram-positive bacteria. ...

Military career

Ogston served in the 1884 Egyptian War and the Boer War. He was also instrumental in arguing for the creatinon of the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1898. During the First World War when over seventy years old, he was sent to assist with the management of severe trauma.^[3] 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Egyptian Ratscrew, commonly abbreviated as ERS and also known as Egyptian Rhapsody, Egyptian Rattrap, Slap, Bloodystump, SMRF (Sand Monkey Rodent Fuck), Egyptian Rat Race, and Egyptian War, is a card game of the accumulation family, reminiscent of Slapjack and Beggar-My-Neighbour, but more complex. ... There were two Boer Wars: the First Boer War (1880–1881) the Second Boer War (1899–1902). ... The Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) is a specialist corps in the British Army which provides medical services to all British Army personnel and their families in war and in peace. ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ...

Royal acknowledgement

In 1892, Queen Victoria appointed him Surgeon in Ordinary, a post he also held under King Edward VII and King George V. He was appointed Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1912. 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819–22 January 1901) was a Queen of the United Kingdom, reigning from 20 June 1837 until her death. ... Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, King of the Commonwealth Realms, and the Emperor of India. ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 - 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, as a result of his creating it from the British branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ... Victoria founded the Royal Victorian Order. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Legacy

The Surgical Society of the University of Aberdeen is named the "Ogston Society" in his honour. The University Department of Surgery also awards an annual prize in his honour to the best student in surgery. The University of Aberdeen was founded in 1495, in Aberdeen, Scotland. ...

References

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