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File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to download the file or see the image uploaded on that date. (del) (cur) 21:12, 24 Oct 2004 . . Dianahdez (23621 bytes) File links The following pages...

Princess Alix of Hesse, as Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia (1872-1918)

Her Grand Ducal Highness Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine (Alix Victoria Helena Louise Beatrice, June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. Events 1508 - Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three year truce and cede several territories to Venice... 6 June Events January - April January 2 - Brigham Young, is arrested for bigamy (25 wives). February 20 - In New York City the Metropolitan Museum of Art opens. March 1 - Yellowstone National Park is established as the worlds first national park March 5 - George Westinghouse patents the air brake. March 5 - The... 1872 - July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 167 days remaining. Events 100-1899 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa, executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world. 1762... 17 July 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January-February January 8 - President Woodrow Wilson announces his Fourteen Points for the aftermath of World War I. January 24 - a decree of the Council of Peoples Commissars, introducing the Gregorian calendar in Russia since February... 1918), was the A consort is somebodys spouse, usually a royalty. For example, Queen consort King consort Prince consort Imperial consorts of Tang China Consort clan A consort may also refer to a Consort of instruments. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise... consort of Tsar Nicholas II ( 18 May 1868 – 17 July 1918)1 was the last crowned Emperor of Russia. He ruled from 1894 until his abdication in 1917. Nicholas proved unequal to the combined tasks of managing a country in political turmoil and commanding its army in the largest international war... Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, the last Tsar ( Bulgarian цар, Russian царь,  listen?; often spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English), was the title used for the autocratic rulers of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires since 913, in Serbia in the middle of the 14th century... Tsar of Russia. She was also a granddaughter of Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819–22 January 1901) was a Queen of the United Kingdom, reigning from 20 June 1837 until her death. Her reign lasted more than sixty-three years—longer than... Queen Victoria. Although born Alix -- a German corruption of her mother's name, Alice -- she assumed the name Alexandra Fyodorovna upon baptism into the Saint Basils Cathedral, a well-known Russian Orthodox church situated in Moscow The Russian Orthodox Church (Русская Православная церковь) is that body of Christians who are... Russian Orthodox Church.

Alexandra is remembered as the last A Tsaritsa (Цари́ца), also called tsarina, czarina, or czaritsa, was the title of Tsars wife or a female autocratic ruler(monarch) of Russia or Bulgaria. The last Russian Tsaritsa was Alexandra of Hesse who was married to Nicholas II of Russia. The final... Tsaritsa of Russia, because of her infertility, and for her authoritarian control over the country. Her relationship with the Russian mystic, Grigori Rasputin Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin ( Russian: Григо́рий Ефи́мович Распу́тин) ( January 23, 1871 – December 16, 1916 (O.S.)) was a Russian mystic with an influence in... Grigori Rasputin was also an important factor in her life.

Early Life

Alexandra was born on June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. Events 1508 - Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three year truce and cede several territories to Venice... June 6, Events January - April January 2 - Brigham Young, is arrested for bigamy (25 wives). February 20 - In New York City the Metropolitan Museum of Art opens. March 1 - Yellowstone National Park is established as the worlds first national park March 5 - George Westinghouse patents the air brake. March 5 - The... 1872 at Map of Germany showing Darmstadt Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland (federal state) of Hessen in Germany. Its population is estimated (2003) at 137,900. The city is located to the south of the conjoined metropolitan areas of Frankfurt and Wiesbaden. History Darmstadt was first mentioned towards the end... Darmstadt, Hesse is also the name of the German writer Hermann Hesse, as well as the German mathematician Otto Hesse. With an area of 21,110 km² and just over six million inhabitants, Hesse (German Hessen) is one of Germanys sixteen federal states (Bundesländer). The capital is Wiesbaden. Geography... Hessen, The Federal Republic of Germany ( German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is one of the worlds leading industrialised countries, located in the heart of Europe. Due to its central location, Germany has more neighbours than any other European country: these are Denmark in the north, Poland and the Czech Republic in the... Germany. Her father was His Royal Highness Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, K.G. (12 September 1837 in Bessungen, now Darmstadt - 13 March 1892 in Darmstadt), the ruler of the small German grand duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt (Hesse and by Rhine), was the husband of Princess Alice of Great Britain and Ireland, the... Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse, the ruling Duke of Hesse. Her mother was HRH Her Royal Highness The Princess Alice (Alice Maud Mary), (25 April 1843 - 14 December 1878, was a member of the British Royal Family, the third child and second daughter of Queen Victoria. She was the Grand Duchess of Hesse, the consort of Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse. Princess Alice... The Princess Alice), the second eldest daughter of Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819–22 January 1901) was a Queen of the United Kingdom, reigning from 20 June 1837 until her death. Her reign lasted more than sixty-three years—longer than... Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Francis Charles Augustus Albert Emmanuel, of the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha branch of the House of Wettin) (26 August 1819 - 14 December 1861) was the husband and consort of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. He was the only husband... Prince Albert.

Her mother died when she was six, and her father died when she was twenty. Alexandra's brother, Prince Ernst Ludwig succeeded to the Grand Duchy of Hesse upon the death of his father.

As she lost her mother at an early age,she was very close to her grandmother, Queen Victoria, and was often thought to be Victoria's favourite granddaughter. Alexandra spent many of her early years in the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and a member of the British Commonwealth and European Union. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom, UK or, inaccurately, as Great Britain or Britain, the UK has four constituent parts. Three of these parts... United Kingdom, and stayed frequently with her English relatives at Balmoral Castle Balmoral Castle, painted by Queen Victoria in 1854 during its construction Balmoral Castle is a large mansion built by Queen Victoria in the Scottish baronial style on the River Dee in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, current (as of 2004) summer residence of Queen Elizabeth II, who stays there for 12... Balmoral Castle and Osborne House and its magnificent grounds are now open to the public Osborne House is a former royal residence in East Cowes, Isle of Wight, UK. The house was built between 1845 and 1851 for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Prince Albert designed the house himself. The builder was Thomas... Osborne House.

Marriage

Alexandra was married relatively late for her rank and era, having refused the proposal of Prince Albert Edward of England (the eldest son of Edward VII King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Emperor of India His Majesty King Edward VII (Albert Edward) (9 November 1841–6 May 1910) was the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. As well as being the King of the United... Edward VII of the United Kingdom}the Prince of Wales) despite strong familial pressure. She had, however, already met a distant cousin, the Tsarevich of Russia, Tsar Nicholas II ( 18 May 1868 – 17 July 1918)1 was the last crowned Emperor of Russia. He ruled from 1894 until his abdication in 1917. Nicholas proved unequal to the combined tasks of managing a country in political turmoil and commanding its army in the largest international war... Nicholas II of Russia. At first, Nicholas's father, Alexander III of Russia - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes.css; @import /skins/monobook/IE55Fixes.css; @import /skins/monobook/IE60Fixes.css; /**/ Alexander III of Russia From Wikipedia Painting of Tsar Alexander III (1886), by Ivan Kramskoi (1837-1887), original, 41 x 36 in. Alexander Alexandrovich Romanov or Alexander III ( Russian: А... Tsar Alexander III refused the prospect of marriage, but later relented as his health began to fail. Alexandra was troubled by the requirement that she renounce her Lutheran faith, as a Russian Tsarina had to be Orthodox, but she was persuaded and eventually became a fervent, even fanatic convert. She and Nicholas became engaged in April 1894. Alexander III died the following November, and Nicholas became Tsar of all the Russias at the age of twenty-five.

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Alexandra and her daughters, Olga, Tatiana, Anastasia, and Marie

Alexandra and Nicholas married on November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 35 days remaining. Events 1799-1899 1778 - In the Hawaiian Islands, Captain James Cook becomes the first European to discover Maui. 1805 - Official opening of Thomas Telfords Pontcysyllte Aqueduct 1825... November 26, 1894 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). Events January 7 - W.K. Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film. January 8 - A fire at the Worlds Columbian Exposition in Chicago causes a good deal of damage. January 9 - New England Telephone and Telegraph... 1894 at the Located on the bank of the Neva River, the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, Russia was built between 1754 and 1762 as the winter residence of the Russian tsars. Winter Palace and the Alexander Column Designed by Bartolomeo Rastrelli, the Baroque-style, green-and-white palace has 1786 doors and... Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... St. Petersburg, Russia. They had five children:

• Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna (1895-1918) Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (Olga Nikolaevna Romanova) (In Russian Великая Княжна Ольга Николаевна), also known as Olishka (November... Grand Duchess Olga of Russia, ( November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 46 days remaining. Events 600-1799 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. 1515 - Thomas Cardinal Wolsey invested as a Cardinal 1777 - American Revolutionary War: After 16... November 15, 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January January 5 - Dreyfus Affair: French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his rank and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devils Island. February February 14 - First showing of Oscar Wildes last play The Importance of... 1895 - July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 167 days remaining. Events 100-1899 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa, executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world. 1762... July 17, 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January-February January 8 - President Woodrow Wilson announces his Fourteen Points for the aftermath of World War I. January 24 - a decree of the Council of Peoples Commissars, introducing the Gregorian calendar in Russia since February... 1918)
• Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna (1897-1918) Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia (Tatiana Nikolaevna Romanova) (In Russian Великая Княжна Татьяна Николаевна) (June 10, 1897... Grand Duchess Tatiana of Russia, ( June 10 is the 161st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (162nd in leap years), with 204 days remaining. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Saleph River while leading an army to Jerusalem. 1692 - Salem witch trials: Bridget Bishop is hanged at Gallows Hill... June 10, Events January 1 - Brooklyn, New York merges with New York City. January 4 - A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosheri, son-in-law of the Oba of Benin. This leads to a Punitive Expedition against Benin. February 2 - Harrisburg, the Pennsylvania state capitol, is destroyed by fire. February 18... 1897 - July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 167 days remaining. Events 100-1899 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa, executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world. 1762... July 17, 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January-February January 8 - President Woodrow Wilson announces his Fourteen Points for the aftermath of World War I. January 24 - a decree of the Council of Peoples Commissars, introducing the Gregorian calendar in Russia since February... 1918)
• Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna (1899-1918) Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (Maria Nikolaevna Romanova) (In Russian Великая Княжна Мария Николаевна), also known as Marie or... Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia, June 26 is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 188 days remaining. Events 600-1899 684 - Benedict II becomes Pope. 1483 - Richard III becomes king of England. 1819 - The bicycle is patented. 1900-1999 1924 - American occupying forces leave the Dominican... June 26, 1899 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). Events January January 1 - End of Spanish rule in Cuba. January 1 - Queens and Staten Island merge with New York City. January 3 - The first known use of the word automobile, in an editorial in the New York... 1899 - July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 167 days remaining. Events 100-1899 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa, executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world. 1762... July 17, 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January-February January 8 - President Woodrow Wilson announces his Fourteen Points for the aftermath of World War I. January 24 - a decree of the Council of Peoples Commissars, introducing the Gregorian calendar in Russia since February... 1918)
• Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna (1901-1918) Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia (Anastasia Nikolaevna Romanova, in Russian: Великая Княжна Анастасия Николаевна ) (June 18... Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia, June 18 is the 169th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (170th in leap years), with 196 days remaining. Events 1100-1899 1178 - Five Canterbury monks see what was possibly the Giordano Bruno crater being formed. It is believed that the current oscillations of the moons distance... June 18, 1901 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January-March January 1 - World celebrates what is regarded as the start of the new century. ( Zero-ists argument that new century should be celebrated in 1900 rejected worldwide). January 1 - The British colonies of New South... 1901 - July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 167 days remaining. Events 100-1899 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa, executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world. 1762... July 17, 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January-February January 8 - President Woodrow Wilson announces his Fourteen Points for the aftermath of World War I. January 24 - a decree of the Council of Peoples Commissars, introducing the Gregorian calendar in Russia since February... 1918)
• Tsarevich Alexei (1904-1918) Tsesarevich (Tsarevich) Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia (In Russian Царевич Алексей Николаевич) (August 12, 1904 - July 17, 1918), of the House of Romanov, was a Tsarevich... Tsarevich Alexei of Russia, ( August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 141 days remaining. Events 1000-1899 1099 -- First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders defeat Saracens and the Kingdom of Jerusalem is established under Godfrey of Bouillon. 1323 - Treaty of Nö... August 12, 1904 is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-March January 7 - The distress signal CQD is established only to be replaced two years later by SOS. February 7 - The Great Baltimore Fire in Baltimore, Maryland destroys over 1,500 buildings in... 1904 - July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 167 days remaining. Events 100-1899 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa, executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world. 1762... July 17, 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January-February January 8 - President Woodrow Wilson announces his Fourteen Points for the aftermath of World War I. January 24 - a decree of the Council of Peoples Commissars, introducing the Gregorian calendar in Russia since February... 1918)

Unfortunately, Alexandra was a carrier of Haemophilia or hemophilia is the name of any of several hereditary genetic illnesses that impair the bodys ability to control bleeding. Genetic deficiencies (or, very rarely, an autoimmune disorder) cause lowered plasma clotting factor activity so as to compromise blood-clotting; when a blood vessel is injured, a scab... hemophilia, inherited from Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819–22 January 1901) was a Queen of the United Kingdom, reigning from 20 June 1837 until her death. Her reign lasted more than sixty-three years—longer than... Queen Victoria through her mother, Princess Alice. Alexandra transmitted the disease to her son, Alexei.

Tsaritsa Alexandra

In 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January January 5 - Dreyfus Affair: French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his rank and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devils Island. February February 14 - First showing of Oscar Wildes last play The Importance of... 1895, Nicholas and Alexandra were crowned Tsar and Tsaritsa of The Russian Federation ( Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches... Russia in an extravagant ceremony in Saint Basils Cathedral Moscow  listen? ( Russian/Cyrillic: Москва́, pronunciation: Moskva), capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva, and encompassing 1097.12 km2. Its coordinates are 55°45′ N 37°37′ E. The citys population... Moscow. The coronation ceremony was marred by the deaths of several thousand Categories: 1911 Britannica | Historical stubs | Feudalism ... peasants, who had come to receive gifts. This bad omen for the reign of Nicholas and Alexandra did not go unnoticed.

Description: Photograph of the Czarina Alexandra of Russia. Size: 488 × 518. Source: Russia, As Seen and Described by Famous Writers, edited by Esther Singleton, 1909. This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. This...

Description: Photograph of the Czarina Alexandra of Russia. Size: 488 × 518. Source: Russia, As Seen and Described by Famous Writers, edited by Esther Singleton, 1909. This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. This...

Tsaritsa Alexandra

Alexandra was unpopular at This article is about courts of law. For alternative meanings see: Court (disambiguation). A court is an official, public forum which a public power establishes by lawful authority to adjudicate disputes, and to dispense civil, labour, administrative and criminal justice under the law. Types Of Courts Some courts may function... court and with the Russian people, lacking charm and social skills. She was hurt by her unenthusiastic reception, and declared herself to be tired of the loose morals and etiquette of the Russian court. She did not attempt to forge bonds with the other members of the large Romanov family and she generally attended as few court occasions as possible. She was unfavourably compared to her popular (and still youthful) predecessor, Dowager Tsaritsa Maria, a sister-in-law of Edward VII King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Emperor of India His Majesty King Edward VII (Albert Edward) (9 November 1841–6 May 1910) was the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. As well as being the King of the United... Edward VII of the United Kingdom, who had a higher court precedence. This was not conducive to happy family relations. Her failure to produce an heir to the Russian throne in her first four attempts was also judged harshly.

Alexandra was fiercely protective of her husband's role as Tsar ( Bulgarian цар, Russian царь,  listen?; often spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English), was the title used for the autocratic rulers of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires since 913, in Serbia in the middle of the 14th century... Tsar, and actively supported his rights as an An autocrat is generally speaking any ruler with absolute power; the term is now usually used in a negative sense (cf. despot and tyrant). The term is derived from the Greek word autokratôr (lit. self-ruler, ruler of ones self). The principal titles of what modern historians call... autocratic ruler. She was a fervent advocate of the divine right, and believed that it was unnecessary to attempt to secure the affection of the people.

Rasputin

The birth of Alexei occurred at the height of the The Russo-Japanese War ( 1904- 1905) was a conflict that grew out of the rival imperialist ambitions of Imperial Russia and Japan in Manchuria and Korea. It resulted in a surprise victory for Japan, establishing Japan as a major world power. Russian 500 pound shell bursting near the Japanese siege... Russo-Japanese War on August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 141 days remaining. Events 1000-1899 1099 -- First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders defeat Saracens and the Kingdom of Jerusalem is established under Godfrey of Bouillon. 1323 - Treaty of Nö... August 12, 1904 is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-March January 7 - The distress signal CQD is established only to be replaced two years later by SOS. February 7 - The Great Baltimore Fire in Baltimore, Maryland destroys over 1,500 buildings in... 1904. The Tsarevitch was the Contrasting with heir presumptive, an heir apparent is one who cannot be prevented from inheriting by the birth of any other person. According to the order of succession of many monarchies, the heir apparent is a descendant of a monarch who is the heir to their throne, whose status as... heir apparent to the throne of Russia, and Alexandra had fulfilled her most important role as Tsarina, in bearing a male child. The excitement was short-lived, when it was discovered that Alexei suffered from Haemophilia or hemophilia is the name of any of several hereditary genetic illnesses that impair the bodys ability to control bleeding. Genetic deficiencies (or, very rarely, an autoimmune disorder) cause lowered plasma clotting factor activity so as to compromise blood-clotting; when a blood vessel is injured, a scab... hemophilia, which could only have been transmitted from Alexandra's side of the family. Hemophilia was generally fatal in the early 20th century, and had entered the royal houses of Europe via the daughters of Queen Victoria, who was a carrier. Alexandra had lost a brother to the disease, and her uncle, HRH His Royal Highness The Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (Leopold George Duncan Albert) (7 April 1853 - 28 March 1884), was a member of the British Royal Family, a son of Queen Victoria. Leopold was later created the Duke of Albany, Earl of Clarence and Baron Arklow. He was diagnosed with... Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany. It also spread to the Spanish and Prussian royal families, via other granddaughters of Queen Victoria. As an incurable and life threatening illness, suffered by the sole male heir, the heir's disease was kept secret from the Russian people.

At first Alexandra turned to Russian doctors and medics to treat Alexei; however, their treatments generally failed, and Alexandra increasingly turned to mystics and holy men. One of these, Grigori Rasputin Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin ( Russian: Григо́рий Ефи́мович Распу́тин) ( January 23, 1871 – December 16, 1916 (O.S.)) was a Russian mystic with an influence in... Grigori Rasputin, appeared to have a success that is still inexplicable today. However his unpopularity and the dark rumours about him lead Nicholas to distance him from the family. In 1912, Alexei suffered a life-threatening hemorrhage in the thigh and groin while the family were in Spala. It was at this point that Alexandra took the advice of her intimate friend Anna Aleksandra Vyrubova Nee Anna Aleksandra Taneeva, 16 July 1884, died 20 July 1964, Helsinki Lady in waiting to Tsaritsa Alexandra, credited with the introduction of Rasputin to the family of Tsar Nicholas II. Escaped the Bolshevik revolution by fleeing to Finland. Author of Memories of the Russian Court (New... Anna Vyrubova and sent a telegram to Grigori Rasputin Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin ( Russian: Григо́рий Ефи́мович Распу́тин) ( January 23, 1871 – December 16, 1916 (O.S.)) was a Russian mystic with an influence in... Grigori Rasputin. Rasputin's response, that Alexei was over the worst and the doctors should leave him to recover, coincided with his revival. From 1912 onwards, Alexandra came to rely increasingly on Rasputin, and to believe in his ability to ease Alexei's suffering. This reliance enhanced Rasputin's political power, which was critically to undermine Romonov rule during the First World War.

World War One

The outbreak of World War I was a pivotal moment for Russia and Alexandra. The War pitted Russia against Germany, the home of Alexandra's birth, and where her brother was Grand Duke of Hesse. This made Alexandra very unpopular with the Russian people, who accused her of collaboration with the Germans. The German Kaiser, Wilhelm II of Prussia and Germany, Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert von Hohenzollern (January 27, 1859 - June 4, 1941) was the last German Emperor (Kaiser) and the last King (König) of Prussia from 1888 - 1918. He was born in Berlin to Crown Prince Friedrich and his wife, Britains Princess... Wilhelm II was also Alexandra's cousin.

When the Tsar travelled to the front line in 1915 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). Events January 12 - The Rocky Mountain National Park is established by an act of the U.S. Congress. January 12 - United States House of Representatives rejects proposal to give women the right to vote. January 13 – An... 1915 to take personal command of the Army, he left Alexandra in charge back in Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... St. Petersburg. Alexandra was not gifted at government, and constantly appointed and reappointed new ministers, which meant the government was never stable or efficient. This was particularly dangerous in a war of attrition, as neither the troops nor the civilian population were ever adequately supplied. She paid great attention to the self-serving advice of Rasputin, and their relationship was widely (and inaccurately) believed to be sexual in nature. She was the focus of ever increasing and extremely negative rumours, and widely believed to be a German spy in the Russian court. Rasputin was eventually murdered by junior members of the Romanov family (Grand Duke Dmitri, and Prince Felix Yussoupov, who was married to the Tsar's niece Irina) in 1916 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. Impressionist Monet paints Water Lilies. January 8 - Allied forces withdraw from Gallipoli January 17 - The Professional Golfers Association... 1916.

Alexandra's relationship with the Tsar was loving but extremely manipulative and controlling, and he backed her against the strongly voiced complaints of the Romanov family.

Revolution

Russia crashed out of World War I in 1917 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). Events January-February President Woodrow Wilson of the United States announces to Congress the breaking of diplomatic relations with Germany January 2 - The Royal Bank of Canada takes over Quebec Bank. January 22 - World War I: President Woodrow... 1917, and the The February Revolution of 1917 in Russia was the first stage of the Russian Revolution of 1917. Its immediate result was the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II. It occurred largely as a result of dissatisfaction with the way the Tsar was running the country, in particular Russias ongoing involvement... February Revolution that followed, forced the Tsar to abdicate the throne for himself and the Tsarevich Alexei. Alexandra was now a perilous position as the wife of the deposed Tsar, and hated by the Russian people. Despite the fact that he was a cousin of both Alexandra and Nicholas, King George V King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Emperor of India His Majesty King George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert) (3 June 1865–20 January 1936) was the last British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, changing the name to the... King George V refused to allow them to evacuate to the UK, as he was alarmed by their unpopularity in his country and the potential repercussions on his own throne.

The Provisional Government formed after the revolution kept Nicholas, Alexandra, and their children confined in their primary residence, the The Alexander Palace is a former imperial palace in Russia. The Alexander Palace was constructed in the Imperal retreat of Tsarskoe Selo. It was commissioned by Catherine the Great for her favorite grandson and future emperor Alexander I of Russia. The palace was originally planed for the capital, St. Petersburg... Alexander Palace at Tsarskoe Selo, until they were moved to Categories: Russia-related stubs | Cities in Russia ... Tobolsk in Siberian federal subjects of Russia Siberia ( Russian: Сиби́рь, common English transliterations: Sibir, Sibir; possibly from the Mongolian for the calm land) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstan constituting almost all of northern Asia. It extends eastward from the Ural Mountains to... Siberia in August is the eighth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. August begins (astrologically) with the sun in the sign of Leo and ends in the sign of Virgo. Astronomically speaking, the sun begins in the constellation... August 1917 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). Events January-February President Woodrow Wilson of the United States announces to Congress the breaking of diplomatic relations with Germany January 2 - The Royal Bank of Canada takes over Quebec Bank. January 22 - World War I: President Woodrow... 1917, a step by the Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky ( Russian:Алекса́ндр Фёдорович Ке́ренский) ( April 22, 1881 ( May 2, New Style) - June 11, 1970) was the second prime minister of the... Kerensky government designed to remove them from the capital and from possible harm. They remained in Tobolsk until after the Bolshevik Revolution in November 1917 (the " The October Revolution, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was the second phase of the Russian Revolution, the first having been instigated by the events around the February Revolution. It was led by Vladimir Lenin and marked the first officially communist revolution of the twentieth century, based upon the ideas... October Revolution"), but were moved to Red-controlled Yekaterinburg. The Tsar and Tsaritsa and all their family, including the gravely ill Alexei, along with several family servants, were executed by firing squad in the basement of the Ipatiev House where they had been imprisoned, on the night of July 16 (or 17), 1918 by a detachment of Bolsheviks led by Yakov Yurovsky.

Identification and burial

Alexandra's body was buried with her family in a disused mine-shaft, 12 miles north of Yekaterinburg. In the early 1990s, following the fall of the The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) .( Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик... Soviet Union, the bodies of the Romanovs were located, exhumed and formally identified. A secret report by Yurovsky, which came to light in the late 1970s, but did not become public knowledge until the 1990s, helped the authorities to locate the bodies. DNA analysis was a key means of identifying them. A blood sample from HRH HRH The Duke of Edinburgh His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (Philip Mountbatten), styled HRH The Duke of Edinburgh (born June 10, 1921), is the consort of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Originally a Greek citizen, holding the titles... Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (a great grandson of Alexandra's mother) was used to identify Alexandra and her daughters through their mitochondria genes. Alexandra, Nicholas and their children (except Alexei and one daughter, whose remains were missing) were reinterred in the Romanov family crypt in the The Peter and Paul Cathedral is located inside the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, Russia. The fortress, originally built by Peter the Great, is the first and oldest landmark in St. Petersburg built in 1703 along the Neva River. Peters main reason for building the fort was... Peter and Paul Cathedral in 1998 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. Events January January 1998 - A massive ice storm, caused by El Niño, strikes New England, southern Ontario and Quebec, resulting in widespread power failures, severe damage to... 1998 with much ceremony on the 80th anniversary of the execution.

In 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. By strict interpretation of the Gregorian Calendar, 2001 is also the first year of the 21st century and the 3rd millenium. Popular culture, however, often views the year 2000 as holding this distinction. 2001 is also the year... 2001 she and her family were Canonization is the process of making someone into a saint and involves proving that a candidate has lived in such a way that he or she is worthy of sainthood. It is currently practiced by the Roman Catholic Church and its appendages, by the Eastern Orthodox Church, and by the... canonized by the Saint Basils Cathedral, a well-known Russian Orthodox church situated in Moscow The Russian Orthodox Church (Русская Православная церковь) is that body of Christians who are... Russian Orthodox Church.

Her life was dramatized in Nicholas and Alexandra is a 1971 biographical film which tells the story of Czar Nicholas II of Russia and his wife, the Czarina Alexandra, the last of Russias monarchs. It stars Michael Jayston (Nicholas II), Janet Suzman (Empress Alexandra), Roderic Noble (Aleksey), Ania Marson (Olga), Lynne Frederick (Tatiana), Candace... Nicholas and Alexandra.

Titles

• Her Grand Ducal Highness Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine
• Her Imperial Majesty Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna of Russia