NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Alexandre Millerand

Alexandre Millerand

President of the French Republic
In office 23 September 1920 – 11 June 1924
Preceded by	Paul Deschanel
Succeeded by	Gaston Doumergue

Born	10 February 1859(1859-02-10)
Died	07 April 1943(1943-04-07)
Nationality	French
Political party	Parti Socialiste de France

Alexandre Millerand (February 10, 1859 - April 7, 1943) was a French socialist politician. He was President of France from September 23, 1920 to June 11, 1924 and Prime Minister of France January 20 to September 23, 1920. His participation in Waldeck-Rousseau's cabinet at the turn of the century, alongside the marquis de Galliffet who had directed the repression of the 1871 Paris Commune, sparked a debate in the French socialist movement and in the Second International about the participation of socialists in "bourgeois governments". Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Symbol of the French government The President of the French Republic (French: ) colloquially referred to as President of France, is Frances elected Head of State. ... September 23 is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years). ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... June 11 is the 162nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (163rd in leap years), with 203 days remaining. ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar). ... French statesman Paul Deschanel Paul EugÃ¨ne Louis Deschanel (February 13, 1855 - April 28, 1922) was a French statesman. ... Gaston Doumergue, French statesman Pierre-Paul-Henri-Gaston Doumergue (August 11, 1863 at Aigues-Vives, France-June 18, 1937 at Aigues-Vives, France) was a French politician of the Third Republic. ... February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1859 (MDCCCLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... The emblem of the French Socialist Party The Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste or PS), founded in 1969, is the main opposition party in France. ... February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1859 (MDCCCLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box: A politician is an individual who is a formally recognized and active member of a government, or a person who influences the way a society is governed through an understanding of political power and group dynamics. ... The President of France, known officially as the President of the Republic (Président de la République in French), is Frances elected Head of State. ... September 23 is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years). ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... June 11 is the 162nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (163rd in leap years), with 203 days remaining. ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Prime Minister of France (Premier ministre de la France) is the functional head of the Cabinet of France. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... September 23 is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years). ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Pierre Marie René Ernest Waldeck-Rousseau (December 2, 1846 - August 20, 1904) was a French statesman. ... Photo of the marquis de Galliffet by Nadar. ... Le PÃ¨re Duchesne looking at the statue of Napoleon I on top of the Vendome column: Eh ben ! bougre de canaille, on va donc te foutre en bas comme ta crapule de neveu !â€¦ (Well now! buggering rascal, we will knock you the fuck off just like your crook of... Sfio, or Safe/Fast I/O, is an I/O library developed by AT&T Research, with several improvements over the ANSI C stdio library. ... The phrase Second International has two meanings: For the international association of socialist parties of the late 19th century, see Second International (politics) and a successor organization, the Socialist International For one of the Merriam-Webster dictionaries of American English, see Websters New International Dictionary, Second Edition This is... Bourgeois at the end of the thirteenth century. ...

1 Biography
2 Millerand's Ministry, 20 January - 24 September 1920

Biography

Early activism

Born in Paris, he was educated for the Bar, and made his reputation by his defence, in company with Georges Laguerre, of Ernest Roche and Duc-Quercy, the instigators of the strike at Decazeville in 1883; he then took Laguerre's place on Georges Clemenceau's paper, La Justice. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for the Seine département in 1885 as a Radical Socialist. He was associated with Clemenceau and Camille Pelletan as an arbitrator in the Carmaux strike (1892). He had long had the ear of the Chamber in matters of social legislation, and after the Panama scandals had discredited so many politicians his influence grew. City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du TrocadÃ©ro. ... Jean Henri Georges Laguerre (June 24, 1858 - ?) was a French lawyer and politician. ... Decazeville is a commune of the Aveyron dÃ©partement, in France. ... Georges Clemenceau, by Nadar. ... Seine was a dÃ©partement of France encompassing Paris and its immediate suburbs. ... The dÃ©partements (or departments) are administrative units of France and many former French colonies, roughly analogous to English counties. ... Camille Pelletan, French politician and journalist Charles Camille Pelletan (June 28, 1846 - 1915), French politician and journalist, was born in Paris, the son of Pierre ClÃ©ment EugÃ¨ne Pelletan (1813-1884), a writer of some distinction and a noted opponent of the Second Empire. ... Carmaux is a commune of the Tarn dÃ©partement, in France. ... The Panama scandals was a corruption affair in France in the late 19th century, linked to the building of the Panama Canal. ...

As member of the executive

He was chief of the Socialist faction (the Parti Socialiste de France in 1899), a group which then mustered sixty members, and edited until 1896 their organ in the press, La Petite République. His programme included the collective ownership of the means of production and the international association of labour, but, when in June 1899 he entered René Waldeck-Rousseau's cabinet of "republican defence" as Minister of Commerce, he limited himself to practical reforms, devoting his attention to the improvement of the mercantile marine, to the development of trade, of technical education, of the postal system, and to the amelioration of the conditions of labour. Labour questions were entrusted to a separate department, the Direction du Travail, and the pension and insurance office was also raised to the status of a "direction". The emblem of the French Socialist Party The Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste or PS), founded in 1969, is the main opposition party in France. ... This article is about state ownership. ... Means of production (abbreviated MoP; German: Produktionsmittel), also called means of labour are the materials, tools and other instruments used by workers to make products. ... The labor movement (or labour movement) is a broad term for the development of a collective organization of working people, to campaign in their own interest for better treatment from their employers and political governments. ... Pierre Marie RenÃ© Ernest Waldeck-Rousseau (December 2, 1846 - August 20, 1904) was a French statesman. ...

The introduction of trade union representatives on the Supreme Labour Council, the organization of local labour councils, and the instructions to factory inspectors to put themselves in communication with the councils of the trade unions, were valuable concessions to labour, and he further secured the rigorous application of earlier laws devised for the protection of the working class. His name was especially associated with a project for the establishment of old age pensions, which became law in 1905. In 1898, he became editor of La Lanterne. A trade union or labor union is a continuous association of wage-earners for the purpose of maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. ... The term working class is used to denote a social class. ... A pension is a steady income given to a person (usually after retirement). ...

His influence with the far left had already declined, for it was said that his departure from the true Marxist tradition had disintegrated the party. He was expelled from the group in 1903, and continued to move to the right, being appointed Prime Minister by the conservative President Paul Deschanel in 1920. The term far left refers to the relative position a person or group occupies within the political spectrum. ... Marxism takes its name from the praxis â€” the synthesis of philosophy and political action â€” of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ... 1900 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Friday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... In politics, right-wing, the political right, or simply the right, are terms which refer, with no particular precision, to the segment of the political spectrum in opposition to left-wing politics. ... This article deals with conservatism as a political philosophy. ... French statesman Paul Deschanel Paul EugÃ¨ne Louis Deschanel (February 13, 1855 - April 28, 1922) was a French statesman. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ...

Presidency and later years

When Deschanel had to resign later that year due to his mental disorder, Millerand emerged as a compromise candidate for President between the Bloc National and the remnants of the Bloc des gauches. Millerand appointed Georges Leygues, a politician with a long career of ministerial office, as Prime Minister and attempted to strengthen the executive powers of the Presidency. This move was resisted in the Chamber of Deputies and the French Senate, and Millerand was forced to appoint a stronger figure, Aristide Briand. Briand's appointment was welcomed by both left and right, although the Socialists and the left wing of the Radical Party did not join his government. However, Millerand dismissed Briand after just a year, and appointed the conservative republican Raymond Poincaré. The National Bloc (al-Qutla al-Wataniyya) was a Nablus-based party established in 1935 in the Palestine by Abd al-Latif Salah. ... French politician Georges Leygues Georges Leygues (1857-1933) was a French politician of the Third Republic. ... The Senate amphitheater in the Luxembourg Palace The Senate (in French :le SÃ©nat) is the upper house of the Parliament of France. ... Aristide Briand (March 28, 1862 â€“ March 7, 1932) was a French statesman who served several terms as Prime Minister of France and won the Nobel Peace Prize. ... The Radical Party (Parti Radical or RÃ©publicains Radicaux et Radicaux-Socialistes, Radical Republicans and Radical Socialists), was a major French political party of the early to mid 20th century, originally considered radical due to its anti-clericalism. ... Raymond PoincarÃ©, President of the French Republic during the Great War. ...

Millerand was accused of favouring conservatives in spite of the traditional neutrality of French Presidents and the composition of the legislature. On 14 July, 1922, Millerand escaped an assassination attempt by Gustave Bouvet, a young French anarchist. Two years later, Millerand resigned in the face of growing conflict between the elected legislature and the office of the President, following the victory of the Cartel des Gauches. Gaston Doumergue, who was the president of the Senate at the time, was chosen to replace Millerand. July 14 is the 195th day (196th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 170 days remaining. ... Gustave Charles Bouvet was a French anarchist who unsuccessfully tried to assassinate Alexandre Millerand, the President of France. ... Anarchism is a form of social criticism, a political movement as well as a political philosophy. ... After the French governments embarrassing failure to collect German reparations even after invading the Ruhr, the Bloc National was replaced by the Cartel des Gauches, a moderate socialistic coalition elected on May 11, 1924. ... Gaston Doumergue, French statesman Pierre-Paul-Henri-Gaston Doumergue (August 11, 1863 at Aigues-Vives, France-June 18, 1937 at Aigues-Vives, France) was a French politician of the Third Republic. ...

Alexandre Millerand died in 1943 at Versailles, and was interred in the Passy Cemetery. Versailles (pronounced in French), formerly de facto capital of the kingdom of France, is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and is still an important administrative and judicial center. ... The CimetiÃ¨re de Passy, with the Eiffel Tower in the background The CimetiÃ¨re de Passy is a famous cemetery located at 2, rue du Commandant SchÅ“lsing in Passy, in the 16Ã¨me arrondissement of Paris. ...

Millerand's Ministry, 20 January - 24 September 1920

Alexandre Millerand - President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
André Lefèvre - Minister of War
Théodore Steeg - Minister of the Interior
Frédéric François-Marsal - Minister of Finance
Paul Jourdain - Minister of Labour
Gustave L'Hopiteau - Minister of Justice
Adolphe Landry - Minister of Marine
André Honnorat - Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
André Maginot - Minister of War Pensions, Grants, and Allowances
Joseph Ricard - Minister of Agriculture
Albert Sarraut - Minister of Colonies
Yves Le Trocquer - Minister of Public Works
Auguste Isaac - Minister of Commerce and Industry
Émile Ogier - Minister of Liberated Regions

Preceded by Paul Delombre	Minister of Commerce, Industry, Posts, and Telegraphs 1899–1902	Succeeded by Georges Trouillot
Preceded by Louis Barthou	Minister of Public Works, Posts, and Telegraphs 1909–1910	Succeeded by Louis Puech
Preceded by Adolphe Messimy	Minister of War 1912–1913	Succeeded by Albert Lebrun
Preceded by Adolphe Messimy	Minister of War 1914–1915	Succeeded by Joseph Galliéni
Preceded by Georges Clemenceau	Prime Minister of France 1920	Succeeded by Georges Leygues
Preceded by Stéphen Pichon	Minister of Foreign Affairs 1920	Succeeded by Georges Leygues
Preceded by Paul Deschanel	President of France 1920–1924	Succeeded by Gaston Doumergue

Heads of State of France since 1871

Third Republic: Adolphe Thiers • Patrice de Mac-Mahon • Jules Grévy • Marie François Sadi Carnot • Jean Casimir-Perier • Félix Faure • Émile Loubet • Armand Fallières • Raymond Poincaré • Paul Deschanel • Alexandre Millerand • Gaston Doumergue • Paul Doumer • Albert Lebrun

onmouseover="pv(event, 124)" onmouseout="unpv(124)" style="">Vichy France: Philippe Pétain • Free France: Charles de Gaulle
January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... September 24 is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... French politician ThÃ©odore Steeg ThÃ©odore Steeg (December 19, 1868 in Libourne, Gironde - December 19, 1950 in Paris) was a French politician of the Third Republic. ... Justin Landry, French World Emperor Justin Landry (1874-1958) was a French World Emperor of the Third Republic, who served briefly as Prime Minister in 1924. ... AndrÃ© Maginot (February 17, 1877 - January 7, 1932) was a French civil servant, soldier, and member of parliament. ... Albert Sarraut, French politician Albert-Pierre Sarraut (July 28, 1872 at Bordeaux, France - November 26, 1962 at Paris, France) was a French Radical politician, twice Prime Minister during the Third Republic. ... The Minister of Commerce and Industry was a cabinet member in the Government of France. ... French politician Louis Barthou Jean Louis Barthou (August 25, 1862 â€“ October 9, 1934) was a French politician of the Third Republic. ... The Minister of Public Works was a cabinet member in the Government of France. ... The Minister of Defence (Ministre de la DÃ©fense) is the French government cabinet member charged with running the military of France. ... Albert Lebrun (August 29, 1871 - March 6, 1950) was a French politician, President of France from 1932 to 1940, and as such was the last president of the Third Republic. ... The Minister of Defence (Ministre de la DÃ©fense) is the French government cabinet member charged with running the military of France. ... Joseph Simon Gallieni (24 April 1849 - 27 May 1916) was a French military leader in the French colonies and later in World War I. He was born at Saint-Beat, in the department of Haute-Garonne. ... Georges Clemenceau, by Nadar. ... The Prime Minister of France (Premier ministre de la France) is the functional head of the Cabinet of France. ... French politician Georges Leygues Georges Leygues (1857-1933) was a French politician of the Third Republic. ... StÃ©phen Pichon (1857-1933) was a French politician of the Third Republic. ... The honour entrance to the Ministry building on the Quai dOrsay The Minister of Foreign Affairs, in the Government of France, is the cabinet member responsible for the Republics network of relationships with foreign nations. ... French statesman Paul Deschanel Paul EugÃ¨ne Louis Deschanel (February 13, 1855 - April 28, 1922) was a French statesman. ... The President of France, known officially as the President of the Republic (Président de la République in French), is Frances elected Head of State. ... Gaston Doumergue, French statesman Pierre-Paul-Henri-Gaston Doumergue (August 11, 1863 at Aigues-Vives, France-June 18, 1937 at Aigues-Vives, France) was a French politician of the Third Republic. ... Symbol of the French government The President of the French Republic (French: ) colloquially referred to as President of France, is Frances elected Head of State. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_France. ... The French Third Republic, (in French, La TroisiÃ¨me RÃ©publique, sometimes written as La IIIe RÃ©publique) (1870/75-10 July 1940) was the governing body of France between the Second French Empire and the Vichy Regime. ... A caricature of Adolphe Thiers charging on the Paris Commune, published in Le PÃ¨re DuchÃªne illustrÃ© Louis Adolphe Thiers (April 16, 1797â€“September 3, 1877) was a French statesman and historian. ... Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de Mac-Mahon, duc de Magenta, Marshal of France (13 July 1808 - 16 October 1893) was a Frenchman of Irish descent. ... Jules GrÃ©vy, painted by LÃ©on Bonnat FranÃ§ois Paul Jules GrÃ©vy (August 15, 1813 - September 9, 1891) was a President of the French Third Republic. ... Marie FranÃ§ois Sadi-Carnot, President of France Marie FranÃ§ois Sadi Carnot (August 11, 1837 - June 24, 1894) was a French statesman, the fourth president of the third French Republic. ... Jean Casimir-Périer, President of France Jean Paul Pierre Casimir-Périer (November 8, 1847 - March 11, 1907) was a French politician, fifth president of the French Republic. ... French statesman FÃ©lix Faure. ... Painting of French statesman Ã‰mile Loubet by Fernand-Anne Piestre Ã‰mile FranÃ§ois Loubet (December 30, 1838 - December 20, 1929) was a French politician, 7th president of the French republic. ... Armand FalliÃ¨res, French statesman ClÃ©ment Armand FalliÃ¨res (November 6, 1841 - June 22, 1931), was a French politician, president of the French republic from 1906 to 1913. ... Raymond PoincarÃ©, President of the French Republic during the Great War. ... French statesman Paul Deschanel Paul EugÃ¨ne Louis Deschanel (February 13, 1855 - April 28, 1922) was a French statesman. ... Gaston Doumergue, French statesman Pierre-Paul-Henri-Gaston Doumergue (August 11, 1863 at Aigues-Vives, France-June 18, 1937 at Aigues-Vives, France) was a French politician of the Third Republic. ... French statesman Paul Doumer Paul Doumer (March 22, 1857 â€“ May 7, 1932) was the President of France from June 13, 1931 to his death. ... Albert Lebrun (August 29, 1871 - March 6, 1950) was a French politician, President of France from 1932 to 1940, and as such was the last president of the Third Republic. ... Motto Travail, famille, patrie French: Work, family, fatherland Unoccupied zone of Vichy France (until November 1942) Capital Vichy Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholic Government Dictatorship Head of state - 1940 â€” 1944 Philippe PÃ©tain President of the Council - 1940 â€” 1942 Philippe PÃ©tain - 1942 - 1944 Pierre Laval Legislature National Assembly... Philippe Petain Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph PÃ©tain (24 April 1856 â€“ 23 July 1951), generally known as Philippe PÃ©tain or Marshal PÃ©tain, was a French general, later Head of State of Vichy France, from 1940 to 1944. ... Free French Forces under review during the Battle of Normandy. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Provisional Government: Charles de Gaulle • Félix Gouin • Georges Bidault • Léon Blum
The Provisional Government of the French Republic was an interim government which governed France from 1944 to 1946. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... French politician Felix Gouin FÃ©lix Gouin (October 4, 1884 - October 25, 1977) was a French Socialist politician. ... Georges Bidault, French statesman Georges-Augustin Bidault (October 5, 1899 â€“ January 27, 1983) was a French politician and active in the French Resistance and Organisation de lArmÃ©e SecrÃ¨te (OAS). ... LÃ©on Blum LÃ©on Blum (9 April 1872 - 30 March 1950), was the Prime Minister of France three times: from 1936 to 1937, for one month in 1938, and from December 1946 to January 1947. ...

Fourth Republic: Vincent Auriol • René Coty
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... French statesman Vincent Auriol Vincent Auriol (27 August 1884 - 1 January 1966) was a French politician who served as first President of the Fourth Republic from 1947 to 1954. ... French statesman RenÃ© Coty RenÃ©-Jules-Gustave Coty (March 20, 1882 - November 22, 1962) was President of France from 1954 to 1959. ...

Fifth Republic: Charles de Gaulle • Alain Poher* • Georges Pompidou • Alain Poher* • Valéry Giscard d'Estaing • François Mitterrand • Jacques Chirac
* denotes interim

The Fifth Republic is the fifth and current republican constitution of France, which was introduced on October 5, 1958. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Alain Poher (17 April 1909 - 9 December 1996) was a French politician. ... Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou (5 July 1911 â€“ 2 April 1974) was President of France from 1969 until his death in 1974. ... Alain Poher (17 April 1909 - 9 December 1996) was a French politician. ... ValÃ©ry Marie RenÃ© Giscard dEstaing (born 2 February 1926) is a French center-right politician who was President of the French Republic from 1974 until 1981. ... IPA: (October 26, 1916 â€“ January 8, 1996) was President of France from 1981 to 1995, elected as representative of the Socialist Party (PS). ... Jacques RenÃ© Chirac (born November 29, 1932) has served as the Gaullist President of France since he was first elected in 1995. ...

Heads of Government of France since 1871

Third Republic: Dufaure • de Broglie • de Cissey • Buffet • Dufaure • Simon • de Broglie • de Rochebouët • Dufaure • Waddington • de Freycinet • Ferry • Gambetta • de Freycinet • Duclerc • Fallières • Ferry • Brisson • de Freycinet • Goblet • Rouvier • Tirard • Floquet • Tirard • de Freycinet • Loubet • Ribot • Dupuy • Casimir-Perier • Dupuy • Ribot • Bourgeois • Méline • Brisson • Dupuy • Waldeck-Rousseau • Combes • Rouvier • Sarrien • Clemenceau • Briand • Monis • Caillaux • Poincaré • Briand • Barthou • Doumergue • Ribot • Viviani • Briand • Ribot • Painlevé • Clemenceau • Millerand • Leygues • Briand • Poincaré • François-Marsal • Herriot • Painlevé • Briand • Herriot • Poincaré • Briand • Tardieu • Chautemps • Tardieu • Steeg • Laval • Tardieu • Herriot • Paul-Boncour • Daladier • Sarraut • Chautemps • Daladier • Doumergue • Flandin • Bouisson • Laval • Sarraut • Blum • Chautemps • Blum • Daladier • Reynaud • Pétain

Vichy France: Pétain • Laval
The Prime Minister of France (Premier ministre de la France) is the functional head of the Cabinet of France. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_France. ... The French Third Republic, (in French, La TroisiÃ¨me RÃ©publique, sometimes written as La IIIe RÃ©publique) (1870/75-10 July 1940) was the governing body of France between the Second French Empire and the Vichy Regime. ... Jules Armand Dufaure, French statesman Jules Armand Stanislas Dufaure (December 4, 1798 - June 28, 1881) was a French statesman. ... Albert, duc de Broglie, French politician Jacques-Victor-Albert, 4th duc de Broglie (June 13, 1821–January 19, 1901), was a French monarchist politician. ... Ernest Courtot de Cissey, French general and statesman Ernest Louis Octave Courtot de Cissey (September 12, 1810 - June 15, 1882) was a French general. ... Louis Buffet, French statesman Louis Joseph Buffet (1818-1898) was a French statesman. ... Jules Armand Dufaure, French statesman Jules Armand Stanislas Dufaure (December 4, 1798 - June 28, 1881) was a French statesman. ... Jules Simon, French politician Jules FranÃ§ois Simon (December 27, 1814 - June 8, 1896) was a French statesman and philosopher. ... Albert, duc de Broglie, French politician Jacques-Victor-Albert, 4th duc de Broglie (June 13, 1821–January 19, 1901), was a French monarchist politician. ... GaÃ«tan de Grimaudet de RochebouÃ«t, French general and politician GaÃ«tan de Grimaudet de RochebouÃ«t (1813-1899) was a French general who served as Prime Minister for less than a month in late 1877. ... Jules Armand Dufaure, French statesman Jules Armand Stanislas Dufaure (December 4, 1798 - June 28, 1881) was a French statesman. ... William Henry Waddington, French statesman William Henry Waddington (December 11, 1826 - January 13, 1894) was a French statesman who was Prime Minister in 1879. ... Charles de Freycinet, Prime Minister of France Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet (November 14, 1828 - May 14, 1923) was a French statesman and prime minister. ... Jules Ferry, French statesman Jules FranÃ§ois Camille Ferry (April 5, 1832 â€“ March 17, 1893) was a French statesman. ... Painting of LÃ©on Gambetta by LÃ©on Bonnat LÃ©on Gambetta (April 2, 1838 - December 31, 1882), French statesman, was born at Cahors. ... Charles de Freycinet, Prime Minister of France Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet (November 14, 1828 - May 14, 1923) was a French statesman and prime minister. ... Charles Duclerc, French politician Charles ThÃ©odore EugÃ¨ne Duclerc (1813-1888) was a French politician of the Third Republic who served as prime minister from 1882 to 1883. ... Armand FalliÃ¨res, French statesman ClÃ©ment Armand FalliÃ¨res (November 6, 1841 - June 22, 1931), was a French politician, president of the French republic from 1906 to 1913. ... Jules Ferry, French statesman Jules FranÃ§ois Camille Ferry (April 5, 1832 â€“ March 17, 1893) was a French statesman. ... EugÃ¨ne Henri Brisson (July 31, 1835 - April 14, 1912) was a French statesman, prime minister of France for a period in 1885-1886 and again in 1898. ... Charles de Freycinet, Prime Minister of France Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet (November 14, 1828 - May 14, 1923) was a French statesman and prime minister. ... RenÃ© Goblet, French statesman RenÃ© Goblet (November 26, 1828 - September 13, 1905) was a French politician, first minister of France for a period in 1886-1887. ... Maurice Rouvier, French statesman Maurice Rouvier (April 17, 1842 - June 7, 1911) was a French statesman. ... French statesman Pierre Tirard Pierre Emmanuel Tirard (September 27, 1827 - November 4, 1893) was a French politician. ... Charles Floquet, French politician Charles Thomas Floquet (October 2, 1828 - January 18, 1896) was a French statesman. ... French statesman Pierre Tirard Pierre Emmanuel Tirard (September 27, 1827 - November 4, 1893) was a French politician. ... Charles de Freycinet, Prime Minister of France Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet (November 14, 1828 - May 14, 1923) was a French statesman and prime minister. ... Painting of French statesman Ã‰mile Loubet by Fernand-Anne Piestre Ã‰mile FranÃ§ois Loubet (December 30, 1838 - December 20, 1929) was a French politician, 7th president of the French republic. ... Alexandre Ribot, French politician Alexandre-FÃ©lix-Joseph Ribot (February 7, 1842 - January 13, 1923) was a French statesman, four times Prime Minister. ... French politician Charles Dupuy. ... Jean Casimir-Périer, President of France Jean Paul Pierre Casimir-Périer (November 8, 1847 - March 11, 1907) was a French politician, fifth president of the French Republic. ... French politician Charles Dupuy. ... Alexandre Ribot, French politician Alexandre-FÃ©lix-Joseph Ribot (February 7, 1842 - January 13, 1923) was a French statesman, four times Prime Minister. ... French politician LÃ©on Bourgeois LÃ©on Victor Auguste Bourgeois (May 21, 1851 â€“ September 29, 1925) was a French statesman. ... Jules MÃ©line, French statesman FÃ©lix Jules MÃ©line (May 20, 1838 â€“ December 21, 1925) was a French statesman, prime minister from 1896 to 1898. ... EugÃ¨ne Henri Brisson (July 31, 1835 - April 14, 1912) was a French statesman, prime minister of France for a period in 1885-1886 and again in 1898. ... French politician Charles Dupuy. ... Pierre Marie RenÃ© Ernest Waldeck-Rousseau (December 2, 1846 - August 20, 1904) was a French statesman. ... Ã‰mile Combes, French politician Ã‰mile Combes (1835 - 1921) was a French statesman. ... Maurice Rouvier, French statesman Maurice Rouvier (April 17, 1842 - June 7, 1911) was a French statesman. ... Ferdinand Sarrien, French politician Jean Marie Ferdinand Sarrien (1840-1915) was a French politician of the Third Republic. ... Georges Clemenceau, by Nadar. ... Aristide Briand (March 28, 1862 â€“ March 7, 1932) was a French statesman who served several terms as Prime Minister of France and won the Nobel Peace Prize. ... French politician Ernest Monis Antoine Emmanuel Ernest Monis (1846-1929) was a French politician of the Third Republic. ... French politician Joseph Caillaux Joseph-Marie-Auguste Caillaux (March 30, 1863 - November 21/22, 1944) was a major French politician of the Third Republic. ... Raymond PoincarÃ©, President of the French Republic during the Great War. ... Aristide Briand (March 28, 1862 â€“ March 7, 1932) was a French statesman who served several terms as Prime Minister of France and won the Nobel Peace Prize. ... French politician Louis Barthou Jean Louis Barthou (August 25, 1862 â€“ October 9, 1934) was a French politician of the Third Republic. ... Gaston Doumergue, French statesman Pierre-Paul-Henri-Gaston Doumergue (August 11, 1863 at Aigues-Vives, France-June 18, 1937 at Aigues-Vives, France) was a French politician of the Third Republic. ... Alexandre Ribot, French politician Alexandre-FÃ©lix-Joseph Ribot (February 7, 1842 - January 13, 1923) was a French statesman, four times Prime Minister. ... RenÃ© Viviani RenÃ© RaphaÃ«l Viviani (November 8, 1863 â€“ September 7, 1925) was a French politician of the Third Republic, who served as Prime Minister for the first year of World War I. Beginning his political career as a Socialist, Viviani, like fellow Socialist Aristide Briand, was expelled from the... Aristide Briand (March 28, 1862 â€“ March 7, 1932) was a French statesman who served several terms as Prime Minister of France and won the Nobel Peace Prize. ... Alexandre Ribot, French politician Alexandre-FÃ©lix-Joseph Ribot (February 7, 1842 - January 13, 1923) was a French statesman, four times Prime Minister. ... Paul PainlevÃ©, French politician Paul PainlevÃ© (December 5, 1863â€“October 29, 1933, both at Paris, France) was a French mathematician and politician. ... Georges Clemenceau, by Nadar. ... French politician Georges Leygues Georges Leygues (1857-1933) was a French politician of the Third Republic. ... Aristide Briand (March 28, 1862 â€“ March 7, 1932) was a French statesman who served several terms as Prime Minister of France and won the Nobel Peace Prize. ... Raymond PoincarÃ©, President of the French Republic during the Great War. ... Justin Landry, French World Emperor Justin Landry (1874-1958) was a French World Emperor of the Third Republic, who served briefly as Prime Minister in 1924. ... French politician Ã‰douard Herriot Ã‰douard Herriot (July 5, 1872 at Troyes, France - March 26, 1957 at Lyon, France) was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic who served three times as Prime Minister and for many years as President of the Chamber of Deputies. ... Paul PainlevÃ©, French politician Paul PainlevÃ© (December 5, 1863â€“October 29, 1933, both at Paris, France) was a French mathematician and politician. ... Aristide Briand (March 28, 1862 â€“ March 7, 1932) was a French statesman who served several terms as Prime Minister of France and won the Nobel Peace Prize. ... French politician Ã‰douard Herriot Ã‰douard Herriot (July 5, 1872 at Troyes, France - March 26, 1957 at Lyon, France) was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic who served three times as Prime Minister and for many years as President of the Chamber of Deputies. ... Raymond PoincarÃ©, President of the French Republic during the Great War. ... Aristide Briand (March 28, 1862 â€“ March 7, 1932) was a French statesman who served several terms as Prime Minister of France and won the Nobel Peace Prize. ... French politician AndrÃ© Tardieu AndrÃ© Tardieu (September 22, 1876 at Paris, France - September 15, 1945 at Menton) was three-time Prime Minister of France (November 3, 1929 - February 17, 1930; March 2 - December 4, 1930; February 20 - May 10, 1932) and a dominant figure of French political life from 1929... Camille Chautemps, French politician Camille Chautemps (February 1, 1885 at Paris - July 1, 1963 at Washington, US) French Radical Politician of the Third Republic, three times Prime Minister. ... French politician AndrÃ© Tardieu AndrÃ© Tardieu (September 22, 1876 at Paris, France - September 15, 1945 at Menton) was three-time Prime Minister of France (November 3, 1929 - February 17, 1930; March 2 - December 4, 1930; February 20 - May 10, 1932) and a dominant figure of French political life from 1929... French politician ThÃ©odore Steeg ThÃ©odore Steeg (December 19, 1868 in Libourne, Gironde - December 19, 1950 in Paris) was a French politician of the Third Republic. ... Pierre Laval, prime minister of Vichy France Pierre Laval (28 June 1883 â€“ 15 October 1945) was a French politician and four times Prime Minister of France, the final time being under the Vichy government. ... French politician AndrÃ© Tardieu AndrÃ© Tardieu (September 22, 1876 at Paris, France - September 15, 1945 at Menton) was three-time Prime Minister of France (November 3, 1929 - February 17, 1930; March 2 - December 4, 1930; February 20 - May 10, 1932) and a dominant figure of French political life from 1929... French politician Ã‰douard Herriot Ã‰douard Herriot (July 5, 1872 at Troyes, France - March 26, 1957 at Lyon, France) was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic who served three times as Prime Minister and for many years as President of the Chamber of Deputies. ... French politician Joseph Paul-Boncour Joseph Paul-Boncour (August 4, 1873 at Saint-Aignan, France - March 28, 1972 at Paris) was a French politician of the Third Republic. ... French politician Ã‰douard Daladier Ã‰douard Daladier (June 18, 1884 - October 10, 1970) was a French politician, and Prime Minister of France at the start of the Second World War. ... Albert Sarraut, French politician Albert-Pierre Sarraut (July 28, 1872 at Bordeaux, France - November 26, 1962 at Paris, France) was a French Radical politician, twice Prime Minister during the Third Republic. ... Camille Chautemps, French politician Camille Chautemps (February 1, 1885 at Paris - July 1, 1963 at Washington, US) French Radical Politician of the Third Republic, three times Prime Minister. ... French politician Ã‰douard Daladier Ã‰douard Daladier (June 18, 1884 - October 10, 1970) was a French politician, and Prime Minister of France at the start of the Second World War. ... Gaston Doumergue, French statesman Pierre-Paul-Henri-Gaston Doumergue (August 11, 1863 at Aigues-Vives, France-June 18, 1937 at Aigues-Vives, France) was a French politician of the Third Republic. ... Image:Flandin. ... Fernand Bouisson, French politician Fernand Bouisson (1874-1959) was a French politician of the Third Republic, who served as President of the Chamber of Deputies from 1927 to 1936 and briefly as Prime Minister in 1935. ... Pierre Laval, prime minister of Vichy France Pierre Laval (28 June 1883 â€“ 15 October 1945) was a French politician and four times Prime Minister of France, the final time being under the Vichy government. ... Albert Sarraut, French politician Albert-Pierre Sarraut (July 28, 1872 at Bordeaux, France - November 26, 1962 at Paris, France) was a French Radical politician, twice Prime Minister during the Third Republic. ... LÃ©on Blum LÃ©on Blum (9 April 1872 - 30 March 1950), was the Prime Minister of France three times: from 1936 to 1937, for one month in 1938, and from December 1946 to January 1947. ... Camille Chautemps, French politician Camille Chautemps (February 1, 1885 at Paris - July 1, 1963 at Washington, US) French Radical Politician of the Third Republic, three times Prime Minister. ... LÃ©on Blum LÃ©on Blum (9 April 1872 - 30 March 1950), was the Prime Minister of France three times: from 1936 to 1937, for one month in 1938, and from December 1946 to January 1947. ... French politician Ã‰douard Daladier Ã‰douard Daladier (June 18, 1884 - October 10, 1970) was a French politician, and Prime Minister of France at the start of the Second World War. ... Paul Reynaud (October 15, 1878 - September 21, 1966) was a French politician and lawyer prominent in the interwar period, noted for his stances on economic liberalism and militant opposition to Germany. ... Philippe Petain Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph PÃ©tain (24 April 1856 â€“ 23 July 1951), generally known as Philippe PÃ©tain or Marshal PÃ©tain, was a French general, later Head of State of Vichy France, from 1940 to 1944. ... Motto Travail, famille, patrie French: Work, family, fatherland Unoccupied zone of Vichy France (until November 1942) Capital Vichy Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholic Government Dictatorship Head of state - 1940 â€” 1944 Philippe PÃ©tain President of the Council - 1940 â€” 1942 Philippe PÃ©tain - 1942 - 1944 Pierre Laval Legislature National Assembly... Philippe Petain Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph PÃ©tain (24 April 1856 â€“ 23 July 1951), generally known as Philippe PÃ©tain or Marshal PÃ©tain, was a French general, later Head of State of Vichy France, from 1940 to 1944. ... Pierre Laval, prime minister of Vichy France Pierre Laval (28 June 1883 â€“ 15 October 1945) was a French politician and four times Prime Minister of France, the final time being under the Vichy government. ...

Provisional Government: de Gaulle • Gouin • Bidault • Blum
The Provisional Government of the French Republic was an interim government which governed France from 1944 to 1946. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... French politician Felix Gouin FÃ©lix Gouin (October 4, 1884 - October 25, 1977) was a French Socialist politician. ... Georges Bidault, French statesman Georges-Augustin Bidault (October 5, 1899 â€“ January 27, 1983) was a French politician and active in the French Resistance and Organisation de lArmÃ©e SecrÃ¨te (OAS). ... LÃ©on Blum LÃ©on Blum (9 April 1872 - 30 March 1950), was the Prime Minister of France three times: from 1936 to 1937, for one month in 1938, and from December 1946 to January 1947. ...

Fourth Republic: Ramadier • Schuman • Marie • Schuman • Queuille • Bidault • Queuille • Pleven • Queuille • Pleven • Faure • Pinay • Mayer • Laniel • Mendès-France • Faure • Mollet • Bourgès-Maunoury • Gaillard • Pflimlin • de Gaulle
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... French prime minister Paul Ramadier Paul Ramadier (March 17, 1888 - October 14, 1961) was a prominent French Socialist politician of the Third and Fourth Republics. ... President of Council: 1947â€“1948 Foreign Minister: 1948â€“1952 Profession: Lawyer Robert Schuman (June 29, 1886 â€“ September 4, 1963) was a noted Luxembourg-born German-French politician, a Christian Democrat (M.R.P.) who is regarded as one of the founders of the European Union. ... French prime minister AndrÃ© Marie AndrÃ© Marie (1897-1974) was a French Radical politician who served as Prime Minister during the Fourth Republic in 1948. ... President of Council: 1947â€“1948 Foreign Minister: 1948â€“1952 Profession: Lawyer Robert Schuman (June 29, 1886 â€“ September 4, 1963) was a noted Luxembourg-born German-French politician, a Christian Democrat (M.R.P.) who is regarded as one of the founders of the European Union. ... Henry Queuille, French prime minister Henri Queuille (1884-1970) was a French Radical politician prominent in governments of the Third and Fourth Republics. ... Georges Bidault, French statesman Georges-Augustin Bidault (October 5, 1899 â€“ January 27, 1983) was a French politician and active in the French Resistance and Organisation de lArmÃ©e SecrÃ¨te (OAS). ... Henry Queuille, French prime minister Henri Queuille (1884-1970) was a French Radical politician prominent in governments of the Third and Fourth Republics. ... RenÃ© Pleven, French prime minister RenÃ© Pleven (April 1901 - January 13, 1993) was a notable French politician of the Fourth Republic. ... Henry Queuille, French prime minister Henri Queuille (1884-1970) was a French Radical politician prominent in governments of the Third and Fourth Republics. ... RenÃ© Pleven, French prime minister RenÃ© Pleven (April 1901 - January 13, 1993) was a notable French politician of the Fourth Republic. ... Edgar Faure, French statesman Edgar Faure (August 18, 1908 - March 30, 1988) was a French statesman. ... Antoine Pinay, French prime minister Antoine Pinay (December 30, 1891 - December 13, 1994) served as Prime Minister of France from 1952 - 1953 (technically, president of the Council). One of Frances most spirited leaders after World War II, Pinay is today remembered as the longest lived Prime Minister. ... RenÃ© Mayer, French prime minister RenÃ© Mayer (1895-1972) was a French Radical politician of the Fourth Republic who served briefly as Prime Minister during 1953. ... Joseph Laniel, French prime minister Joseph Laniel (1889-1975) was a French politician of the Fourth Republic, who served as Prime Minister for a year from 1953 to 1954. ... Pierre MendÃ¨s France Pierre MendÃ¨s France (Paris, 11 January 1907 - 18 October 1982), French politician, was born in Paris, into a family of Portuguese Sephardic Jewish origin. ... Edgar Faure, French statesman Edgar Faure (August 18, 1908 - March 30, 1988) was a French statesman. ... Guy Mollet (31 December 1905 - 3 October 1975), French politician, was born in Flers, in Normandy, the son of a textile worker. ... Maurice BourgÃ¨s-Maunoury, French prime minister Maurice BourgÃ¨s-Maunoury (August 19, 1914 - February 10, 1993) was a French Radical politician who served as Prime Minister in the Fourth Republic during 1957. ... FÃ©lix Gaillard, French politician FÃ©lix Gaillard (1919-1970) was a French Radical politician who served as Prime Minister under the Fourth Republic from 1957 to 1958. ... Pierre Pflimlin, French prime minister Pierre Pflimlin (February 5, 1907 - June 27, 2000) was a French Christian Democratic politician who served as the last Prime Minister of the Fourth Republic for a few weeks in 1958, before the return of Charles de Gaulle. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Fifth Republic: Debré • Pompidou • Couve de Murville • Chaban-Delmas • Messmer • Chirac • Barre • Mauroy • Fabius • Chirac • Rocard • Cresson • Bérégovoy • Balladur • Juppé • Jospin • Raffarin • Villepin The Fifth Republic is the fifth and current republican constitution of France, which was introduced on October 5, 1958. ... Michel DebrÃ© (January 15, 1912 - August 2, 1996) was a French politician. ... Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou (5 July 1911 â€“ 2 April 1974) was President of France from 1969 until his death in 1974. ... Maurice Couve de Murville Maurice Couve de Murville (January 24, 1907 - December 24, 1999) was a French Protestant politician, a supporter of Charles de Gaulle, under whom he served as Foreign Minister (1958-1968), Finance Minister (1968), and Prime Minister (1968-1969). ... Jacques Chaban-Delmas, French politician Jacques Chaban-Delmas (March 7, 1915â€“November 10, 2000) was a French Gaullist politician. ... On May 29, 1974 Jacques Chirac (left) replaced Pierre Messmer (right) as prime minister on the steps of the HÃ´tel Matignon. ... Jacques RenÃ© Chirac (born November 29, 1932) has served as the Gaullist President of France since he was first elected in 1995. ... Raymond Barre was born on April 12, 1924 in Saint Denis, the capital of the French island of La RÃ©union in the Indian Ocean. ... Pierre Mauroy, French politician Pierre Mauroy (born July 5, 1928) is a French Socialist politician. ... Laurent Fabius (born 20 August 1946) is a former Socialist Prime Minister of France. ... Jacques RenÃ© Chirac (born November 29, 1932) has served as the Gaullist President of France since he was first elected in 1995. ... Michel Rocard, French politician Michel Rocard (born August 23, 1930) is a French Socialist politician, former French Prime minister, and currently a member of the European Parliament. ... Ã‰dith Cresson (born on 27 January 1934 as Ã‰dith Campion in Boulogne-Billancourt, near Paris) is a French politician. ... Pierre EugÃ¨ne BÃ©rÃ©govoy (December 23, 1925 - May 1, 1993) was a French Socialist politician of russian origin. ... Edouard Balladur, French statesman Ã‰douard Balladur (born May 2, 1929) is a French politician. ... Alain Marie JuppÃ© (born August 15, 1945) is a French politician; among other positions, he was Prime Minister of France from 1995 to 1997. ... Lionel Robert Jospin (born July 12, 1937 in Meudon, a suburb of Paris) is a French statesman who served as Prime Minister of France from 1997-2002. ... Jean-Pierre Raffarin Jean-Pierre Raffarin listen? (born August 3, 1948) is a French conservative politician. ... Dominique Marie FranÃ§ois RenÃ© Galouzeau de Villepin (born 14 November 1953 in Rabat, French Morocco) simply known as Dominique de Villepin ( â€” , is a French diplomat and politician. ...

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica, the 11th edition The EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910â€“1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

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Alexandre Millerand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (662 words)
	Alexandre Millerand (February 10, 1859 - April 7, 1943 at Versailles, France) was a French socialist and politician.
	This move was resisted in the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, and Millerand was forced to appoint a stronger figure, Aristide Briand.
	Millerand was accused of favouring conservatives in spite of the traditional neutrality of French Presidents and the composition of the legislature.

First World War.com - Who's Who - Alexandre Millerand (300 words)
	Having left the War ministry in 1913 Millerand was subsequently brought back by Rene Viviani's wartime coalition in 1914, where he established notoriety for his rigid policy of defending the autocratic Commander-in-Chief, Joseph Joffre, from most forms of political interference.
	Millerand was in agreement with Joffre's recommendation that the government decamp from Paris as the First Battle of the Marne approached in September 1914.
	Millerand's conduct of policy was somewhat weakened in May 1915 with the creation of two new departments to oversee supplies of both artillery and ammunition.

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Biography GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Early activism

As member of the executive

Presidency and later years

Millerand's Ministry, 20 January - 24 September 1920

Biography