Alexandru cel Bun

Alexandru cel Bun on a Moldovan coin

Alexandru cel Bun (Alexandru I Muşat, Alexander the Kind) was the ruler of Moldavia 1400-1432, son of Roman I Muşat. He succeeded Iuga to throne. During his reign he initiated a series of medieval reforms, and consolidated the status of the Moldavian principality. Image File history File links File links The following pages link to this file: Alexandru cel Bun ... Image File history File links File links The following pages link to this file: Alexandru cel Bun ... File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Moldavia (Moldova in Romanian) was a Romanian principality, originally created in the Middle Ages, now divided between Romania, Moldovan Republic and Ukraine. ... Events Henry IV quells baron rebellion and executes The Earls of Kent, Huntingdon and Salisbury for their attempt to have Richard II of England restored as King Jean Froissart writes the Chronicles Medici family becomes powerful in Florence, Italy Births Owen Tudor, seventh generation descedant of Rhys ap Gruffydd (approximate... Events June 1 - Battle of San Romano - Florence defeats Siena foundation of Université de Caen In the end of the Hook and Cod wars, Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut and Holland is forced by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, to abdicate all her estates in his favour; end of Hainaut...

Internal Politics

Alexandru cel Bun expanded the bureaucratical system of Moldavia, by creating the "Council of the Voivod" and the Chancellory and adding the institution of "Logofăt" - Chancellor of the official chancellery in 1403. During his reign, he changed the taxation laws, by adding commercial privileges to the traders of Lviv (1408) and Kraków (1409), improved the situation of the trading routes (especially the one linking the port of Cetatea Alba to Poland) by strengthening the forts guarding them and expanded the Moldavian ports of Cetatea Alba, Brăila and Chilia. He also had a role in ending the conflict of the Moldavian Eastern Orthodox with the patriarchy of Constantinople and built a monastery at Moldoviţa and Bistriţa-Neamţ. Events July 21 - Battle of Shrewsbury. ... Motto: Semper fidelis Oblast Lviv Oblast Municipal government City council (Львівська міська рада) Mayor City chairman Lyubomyr Bunyak Area 171,01 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 808,900 ? 4786/km² Founded City rights 13th century 1353 Latitude Longitude 49°51′ N 24°01′ E Area code +0322 Car plates  ? Twin towns Corning, Freiburg... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada miasta Kraków Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area 326,8 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 757,500 (2004 est. ... Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi ( Ukrainian: Білгород-Дністровський; Romanian: Cetatea Albă; Turkish: Akkerman) is a city in southern Ukraine. ... Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi ( Ukrainian: Білгород-Дністровський; Romanian: Cetatea Albă; Turkish: Akkerman) is a city in southern Ukraine. ... Brăila is a city in Muntenia, eastern Romania, a port on the Danube and the capital of the Brăila county, in the close vecinity of GalaÅ£i. ... Eastern Orthodoxy (also called Greek Orthodoxy and Russian Orthodoxy) is a Christian tradition which represents the majority of Eastern Christianity. ... Map of Constantinople. ...

External Affairs

The main concern of Alexandru cel Bun was to defend the country in wars against superior armies. In order to do that, he forged a system of alliances with Wallachia and Poland, generally against Hungary. In 1402, he was sworn vassal of Wladislaus II of Poland, the king of Poland. The treaty was renewed in 1404, 1407, 1411 and 1415. Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ... A vassal or liege, in the terminology that both preceded and accompanied the feudalism of medieval Europe, is one who enters into mutual obligations with a lord, usually of military support and mutual protection, in exchange for certain guarantees, which came to include the terrain held as a fief. ... Wladislaus II on Jan Matejkos painting Wladislaus II Jagiello (Polish: Władysław II Jagiełło, Lithuanian: Jogaila, Belarusian: Jahajla (Ягайла)) (c. ... A monarch is a type of ruler or head of state, whos titles and ascention are inherited, not earned, and represents a larger monarchical system which has established rules and customs regarding succession, duties, and powers. ...

Alexandru cel Bun participated in two battles against the Teutonic Knights in 1410 at Grunwald and in 1422 at Marienburg. He also got involved in the power struggles of Wallachia, by helping Radu II Prasnaglava in 1418-1419 and Alexandru Aldea in 1429, mostly in order to prevent the capture of Chilia. Teutonic Knights, charging into battle. ... Events July 15 – Lithuanian forces under the cousins Władysław Jagiełło of Poland and Witowt of Lithuania decisively defeat the forces of the Teutonic Knights, whose power is broken Jan Hus is excommunicated by the Archbishop of Prague. ... The Battle of Grunwald took place on July 15, 1410 between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania on one side, and the Knights of the Teutonic Order on the other. ... Events August 31 - Henry VI becomes King of England. ... There are many fortresses, castles, and towns of this name. ... Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ... Events May 19 - Capture of Paris by John, Duke of Burgundy September - Beginning of English Siege of Rouen Mircea the Old, ruler of Wallachia dies and is succeeded by Vlad I Uzurpatorul. ... Events January 19 - Hundred Years War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England which brings Normandy under the control of England. ... Events January 10 - Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, founds the European Order of the Golden Fleece February 12 - Battle of Rouvray (or of the Herrings). English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the Earl of Suffolks army at Orleans from attack by...

In 1431, due to a territorial claim of Poland, and a previous failure of the Polish king to fulfill his part of the vassality treaty during an Ottoman attack in 1420, Alexandru launched an attack on Poland, that ended with the treaty of Suceava on November 18 1431. The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Imperial motto El Muzaffer Daima The Ever Victorious (as written in tugra) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital İstanbul ( Constantinople/Asitane/Konstantiniyye ) Sovereigns Sultans of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million Area 12+ million km² Establishment 1299 Dissolution October 29, 1923... Suceava (German Suczawa, Yiddish שאָץ Shots) is a city in the Suceava county, Bucovina, Romania. ...

Alexandru cel Bun had four legitimate wives (Margareta Loszonc, Ana Neacşa, Maria Rymgailla [divorced 1421], and Mariana) and at least three known concubines. He had twenty-four sons (including unlegitimate) and seventeen daughters; six of them later reigning in Moldavia. He was father-in-law to Vlad II Dracul of Wallachia. Moldavia (Moldova in Romanian) was a Romanian principality, originally created in the Middle Ages, now divided between Romania, Moldovan Republic and Ukraine. ... Vlad II, Dracul (c. ... Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ...

He died on January 1, 1432, and was buried in the monastery of Bistrita-Neamţ. January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... Events June 1 - Battle of San Romano - Florence defeats Siena foundation of Université de Caen In the end of the Hook and Cod wars, Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut and Holland is forced by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, to abdicate all her estates in his favour; end of Hainaut...