Aleksei Nikolaevich Tolstoi.

Aleksei Nikolaevich Tolstoi (Russian: Алексей Николаевич Толстой) (January 10, 1883 (December 29, 1882 (O.S.)) - February 23, 1945), nicknamed the Comrade Count, was a Soviet Russian writer who wrote in many genres but specialized in science fiction and historical novels. January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... December 29 is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 2 days remaining. ... 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ... In Britain and countries of the British Empire, Old Style or O.S. after a date means that the date is in the Julian calendar, in use in those countries until 1752; New Style or N.S. means that the date is in the Gregorian calendar, adopted on 14 September... February 23 is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ...

He was born in Nikolaevsk (now Pugachyov, Saratov Oblast) in 1883 into an impoverished branch of the Counts Tolstoi. His father was a retired hussar and landowner, Count Nikolay Alexandrovich Tolstoi, and his mother was a children's writer Alexandra Leonievna Bostrom (born Turgeneva, also known as Alexandra Tolstoi). Aleksei was the fourth child in the Tolstoi's family. When his mother was two months pregnant, she fled the family with her lover, Aleksei Apollonovich Bostrom. In accordance with the divorce law of the time, the guilty party (Alexandra) was forbidden to remarry, and the only way for her to keep her newborn son was to register him as a son of Bostrom. Thus, until the age of thirteen, Aleksei had lived under the name of Aleksei Bostrom and had not suspected that Aleksei Bostrom Sr. was not his biological parent. In 1896 both Tolstoi and Bostrom families went into bureaucratic pains to re-register Aleksei as count Tolstoi. Still, he considered Aleksei Bostrom his true father and had hardly ever seen Nikolai Tolstoi and his older siblings. Categories: Russia geography stubs | Oblasts of Russia ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Coat of arms of Count Leo Tolstoy Tolstoy, or Tolstoi (Russian: Толсто́й) is a prominent family of Russian nobility, descending from one Andrey Kharitonovich Tolstoy (i. ... Polish Hussar Hussar (original Hungarian spelling: huszár, plural huszárok; via the French hussard) refers to a class of light cavalry, Hungarian in origin but subsequently imitated throughout Europe. ... 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Alexei Tolstoi visiting the artist by Pyotr Konchalovsky

In 1900 Nikolai Tolstoi died, having left Aleksei with 30,000 rubles and a famous family name. Later, he assumed a rather humorous attitude towards the Tolstoi's heritage. He was known for filling the walls of his apartment with darkened portraits and telling newcomers tales about his Tolstoi's ancestors; then he would explain to his friends that all the portraits were purchased at random from a nearby secondhand store and that the stories were complete fiction. Image File history File links Konchalovsky_Alexei_Tolstoy. ... Pyotr Konchalovsky (Petr Petrovich Konchalovsky, Russian: Пётр Петро́вич Кончало́вский) (1876 - 1956), Russian Painter, a member of Jack of Diamonds group. ... 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday. ... The ruble or rouble (Russian: , plural ; see note on spelling below) is the name of the currencies of the Russian Federation and Belarus (and formerly, of the Soviet Union and the Russian Empire). ...

Tolstoi's early short stories were panned by Alexander Blok and other leading critics of the time for their excessive naturalism, wanton eroticism, and general lack of taste in the manner of Mikhail Artsybashev. Some pornographic stories published under Tolstoy's name in the early 1900s were purportedly penned by him; however, most critics remain sceptical as to whether Tolstoi is the real author. Blok in 1907 Alexander Blok Alexander Blok (Александр Александрович Блок, November 16, 1880 - August 7, 1921), was perhaps the most gifted lyrical poet that Russia produced after Alexander Pushkin. ... For other meanings see Naturalism. ... Mikhail Artsybashev Mikhail Petrovich Artsybashev ( Russian: October 24 Old Style 1878- March 3, 1927) was a leading exponent of Naturalism in the Russian literature. ... Pornography (from Greek πορνογραφια pornographia — literally writing about or drawings of harlots) is the representation of the human body or human sexual behaviour with the goal of sexual arousal, similar to, but (according to some) distinct from, erotica. ...

Aleksei Tolstoi left Russia in 1917 during the Bolshevik October Revolution and emigrated first to Germany and later to France. In 1923, he repatriated and accepted the Soviet regime, having become one of its most popular writers. He became a staunch supporter of the Communist Party to the end, writing stories eulogizing Stalin and collaborating with Maxim Gorky on the infamous account of their trip to the White Sea-Baltic Canal. 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Leaders of the Bolshevik Party and the Communist International, a painting by Malcolm McAllister on the Pathfinder Mural in New York City and on the cover of the book Lenin’s Final Fight published by Pathfinder. ... The October Revolution, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution or November Revolution, was the second phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, the first having been instigated by the events around the February Revolution. ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Soviet redirects here. ... In modern usage, a communist party is a political party which promotes communism, the sociopolitical ideology based on Marxism. ... Iosif (usually anglicized as Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili (Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვილი; see Other names section) (December 21, 1879[1] – March 5, 1953) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and leader of the Soviet Union. ... Gorkys autographed portrait Aleksei Maksimovich Peshkov (In Russian Алексей Максимович Пешков) (March 28 [O.S. March 16] 1868–June 14, 1936), better known as Maxim Gorky (Максим Горький), was a Soviet/Russian author, a founder of the socialist realism literary method and a political activist. ... White Sea-Baltic Sea Canal (Russian: Belomorsko-Baltiyskiy Kanal (BBK)), opened on August 2, 1933 is a ship canal that joins the White Sea and the Baltic Sea near St. ...

He has published two lengthy historical novels, Peter the First (1929-45), in which he sought to liken Peter's policies to those of Stalin, and The Road to Calvary (1922-41) tracking the period from 1914 to 1919 including the Russian Civil War. He has also written several plays. The Russian Civil War was fought from 1918 to 1922, after the collapse of the Russian Empire, and immediately after and because of Lenins dissolution of the Russian Constituent Assembly, between Communist forces known as the Red Army and loosely allied anti-Communist forces known as the White Army. ...

Aleksei Tolstoi is usually credited with having produced some of the earliest (and best) science fiction in the Russian language. His novels Aelita (1923) about a journey to Mars and The Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin (1927) have gained immense public popularity, the former having spawned an pioneering sci-fi movie in 1924. Besides Aelita (1924), a number of other movies released in the USSR are based on Tolstoi's novels. Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... Russian (Russian: русский язык, russkiy yazyk, ) is the most widely spoken language of Eurasia and the most widespread of the Slavic languages. ... Aelita (Russian: Аэлита), also known as Aelita: Queen of Mars, is a silent movie directed by Soviet filmmaker Yakov Protazanov and released in 1924. ... For the Roman god, see Mars (mythology). ... Hyperboloid of one sheet Hyperboloid of two sheets In mathematics, a hyperboloid is a quadric, a type of surface in three dimensions, described by the equation:  (hyperboloid of one sheet), or  (hyperboloid of two sheets) If, and only if, , it is a hyperboloid of revolution. ... Aelita (Russian: Аэлита), also known as Aelita: Queen of Mars, is a silent movie directed by Soviet filmmaker Yakov Protazanov and released in 1924. ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Film refers to the celluloid media on which movies are printed. ...

Tolstoi has also penned several books for children, starting with Nikita's Childhood, a memorable account of his son's early years. Most notably, in 1936, he created an adaptation of the famous Italian fairy tale about Pinocchio entitled the Adventures of Buratino or The Golden Key, whose main character, Buratino, quickly became hugely popular among the Soviet populace. 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Art by Fritz Kredel (1900-73) The Adventures of Pinocchio (Le Avventure di Pinocchio) is a novel for children by Italian author Carlo Collodi. ... Dmitri Iosifov as Buratino holding the Golden Key in the 1975 movie The Adventures of Buratino Buratino (Russian: ) is a main character of the book The Golden Key, or Adventures of Buratino by Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy. ...

Tolstoi became a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1939. Writer Tatyana Tolstaya is his granddaughter. Russian Academy of Sciences: main building Russian Academy of Sciences (Росси́йская Акаде́мия Нау́к) is the national academy of Russia. ... Tatyana Tolstaya (also Tatiana Tolstaya) is a well-known modern Russian writer, TV-host, publicist, novelist, and essayist. ...

Works

• Lirika, a poetry collection (1907)
• The Ordeal (1918)
• Nikita's Childhood (1921)
• The Road to Calvary, a trilogy (1921-40, Stalin Prize in 1943)
• Aelita (1923)
• Death Ray of Garin (1926)
• Peter I (1929-34, Stalin Prize in 1941)
• A Week in Turenevo (1958)

The Ordeal is a French horror film directed by Fabrice Du Welz, starring Laurent Lucas. ... The USSR State Prize (Russian:Госуда́рственная пре́мия СССР) was the Soviet Unions highest civilian honour. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Aelita (Russian: Аэлита), also known as Aelita: Queen of Mars, is a silent movie directed by Soviet filmmaker Yakov Protazanov and released in 1924. ... The USSR State Prize (Russian:Госуда́рственная пре́мия СССР) was the Soviet Unions highest civilian honour. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1941 calendar). ...

References

• Tolstoy, Nikolai (1983). The Tolstoys. Twenty-four generations of Russian history. Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 0-241-10979-5.

External links

• (English) Aleksei Nikolaevich Tolstoi (1883-1945)
• (Russian) Biography
• (Russian) Works of Aleksei Tolstoy
• Aleksei N. Tolstoy at the Internet Movie Database
• Find-A-Grave biography