Afonso de Albuquerque

Afonso de Albuquerque, Afonso d'Albuquerque or Alfonso de Albuquerque (1453 - December 16, 1515) was a noted Portuguese naval general whose activities helped establish the Portuguese colonial empire in India. Afonso de Albuquerque File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Afonso de Albuquerque File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... �== de los acontecimientos del == * [ [ de mayo el 29 ] ] - [ [ ca�da de Constantinople|Ca�da ] ] de [ [ Constantinople ] ] a [ [ imperio del otomano|Otomano ] ] Sultan [ [ Mehmed II] ] el Conqueror, marcando el final del [ [ imperio ] de Byzantine ] (imperio romano del este). ... December 16 is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events June - Invasion of Persia by Sultan Selim I of the Ottoman Empire. ...

Early Life

Born in Alhandra in the year of 1453, near Lisbon, Portugal, he was for some time known as The Great, and as The Portuguese Mars. Through his father, Gonçalo, who held an important position at court, he was connected by illegitimate descent with the royal family of Portugal. He was educated at the court of Afonso V of Portugal, and after the death of that monarch seems to have served for some time in Africa. On his return he was appointed estribeiro-mor (chief equerry) to John II. District Lisbon Mayor   - Party Pedro Santana Lopes PSD Area 84. ... Afonso V of Portugal - Alfonso, Alphonso -, the African (Port. ... Africa is the worlds second-largest continent and 3rd most populous . ... The Master of the Horse was (and in some cases, is) a historical position of varying importance in several European nations. ... João II of Portugal (English: John II), the Perfect Prince (Port. ...

Expeditions to the East

First Expedition, 1503-1504

In 1503 he set out on his first expedition to the East, which was to be the scene of his future triumphs. In company with his kinsman Francisco he sailed round the Cape of Good Hope to India, and succeeded in establishing the king of Cochin securely on his throne, obtaining in return for this service permission to build a Portuguese fort at Cochin, and thus laying the foundation of his country's empire in the East. Events January 20 - Seville in Castile is awarded exclusive right to trade with the New World. ... The Cape of Good Hope headland seen from the north 1888 Map of the Cape of Good Hope Triangular Postage Stamp The Cape of Good Hope is a headland in South Africa, near Cape Town, traditionally — and incorrectly — regarded as marking the turning point between the Atlantic Ocean and the...

Operations in the Persian Gulf and Malabar, 1504-1508

Albuquerque returned home in July 1504, and was well received by King Manuel I of Portugal, who entrusted him with the command of a squadron of five vessels in the fleet of sixteen which sailed for India in 1506 under Tristao da Cunha. After a series of successful attacks on the Arab cities on the east coast of Africa, Albuquerque separated from Da Cunha, and sailed with his squadron against the island of Ormuz, in the Persian Gulf, which was then one of the chief centres of commerce in the East. He arrived on September 25, 1507, and soon obtained possession of the island, though he was unable long to maintain his position. July is the seventh month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... Events January 1 - French troops surrender Gaeta to the Spanish under Cordoba. ... Manuel I of Portugal (Archaic Portuguese: Manoel I, English: Emanuel I), the Fortunate (Port. ... Events Leonardo da Vinci completes the Mona Lisa. ... Tristão da Cunha or Tristan da Cunha (~1460 - ~1540) was nominated first viceroy of Portuguese India in 1504, but did not take up this post owing to temporary blindness; in 1506 he became commander of a fleet which operated on the east coast of Africa and in the Indies, Alfonso... The Arabs (Arabic: عرب Ê»arab) are an originally Arabian ethnicity widespread in the Middle East and North Africa. ... Ormus (also Ohrmuzd, Hormuz, Ohrmazd) was a kingdom in the 16th to 17th centuries around the Persian Gulf, in particular the Strait of Hormuz. ... Regional map showing the word Bahr Fars, (Persian Gulf) in Arabic, from the 9th century text Al-aqalim by the great geographer Istakhri. ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years). ... Events The western continent is named America on the maps of Martin Waldseemüller. ...

With his squadron increased by three vessels, he reached the Malabar coast at the close of the year 1508, and immediately made known the commission he had received from the king empowering him to supersede the governor Francisco de Almeida. The latter, however, refused to recognize Albuquerque's credentials and cast him into prison, from which he was only released, after three months' confinement, on the arrival of the grand-marshal of Portugal with a large fleet, in November 1509. Almeida having returned home, Albuquerque speedily showed the energy and determination of his character. The Malabarian Coast also known as the Malabar coast, is a long and narrow South-western shore line of mainland Indian subcontinent. ... Events February - Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor attacks Venice June 6 - Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three year truce and cede several territories to Venice December 10 - League of Cambrai formed as an alliance against Venice between... Francisco de Almeida (Lisbon, c. ...

Operations in Goa and Malacca, 1510-1511

An unsuccessful attack upon Calicut (modern Kozhikode) in January 1510, in which the commander-in-chief received a severe wound, was immediately followed by the investment and capture of Goa. Albuquerque, finding himself unable to hold the town on his first occupation, abandoned it in August, to return with the reinforcements in November, when he obtained undisputed possession. He next directed his forces against the Sultanate of Malacca, which he subdued August 24th 1511 after a severe struggle. He remained in the town nearly a year in order to strengthen the position of the Portuguese crown. Kozhikode district in Kerala Kozhikode, also known as Calicut, is the third largest city (pop. ... January is the first month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... Events Conquest of Pskov by Grand Prince Vasili III of Muscovy. ... Founded in the 15th century, the city of Goa in south-western India was under Portuguese rule from 1510 until its incorporation in the Republic of India in 1961. ... Note: as an adjective (stressed on the second syllable instead of the first), august means honorable. ... November is the eleventh month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four Gregorian months with the length of 30 days. ... The Sultanate of Malacca (1402 - 1511) was a Malay sultanate founded by Parameswara, a Srivijayan prince who escaped the Majapahit capture of Palembang. ... August 24 is the 236th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (237th in leap years), with 129 days remaining. ... Events Diego Velázquez and Hernán Cortés conquer Cuba; Velázquez appointed Governor. ...

Various Operations, 1512-1515

In 1512 he sailed for the coast of Mabar. On the voyage a violent storm arose, Albuquerque's vessel, the Flor do Mar, which carried the treasure he had amassed in his conquests, was wrecked, and he himself barely escaped with his life. In September of the same year he arrived at Goa, where he quickly suppressed a serious revolt headed by Idalcan, and took such measures for the security and peace of the town that it became the most flourishing of the Portuguese settlements in India. Albuquerque had been for some time under orders from the home government to undertake an expedition to the Red Sea, in order to secure that channel of communication exclusively to Portugal. He accordingly laid siege to Aden in 1513, but was repulsed; and a voyage into the Red Sea, the first ever made by a European fleet, led to no substantial results. In order to destroy the power of Egypt, he is said to have entertained the idea of diverting the course of the Nile River and so rendering the whole country barren. His last warlike undertaking was a second attack upon Ormuz in 1515. The island yielded to him without resistance, and it remained in the possession of the Portuguese until 1622.this is not true. Events April 11 - Battle of Ravenna. ... September is the ninth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four Gregorian months with the length of 30 days. ... Conshelf II in the Red Sea (Sudan) Location of the Red Sea The Red Sea (Arabic البحر الأحمر Baḥr al-Aḥmar, al-Baḥru l-’Aḥmar; Hebrew ים סוף Yam Suf; Tigrigna ቀይሕ ባሕሪ QeyH baHri) is a gulf or basin of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. ... Port of Aden (around 1910) Aden is a city in Yemen, 105 miles East of Bab-el-Mandeb. ... Events January 20 - Christian II becomes King of Denmark and Norway. ... There is also Nile, a death metal band from South Carolina, USA. The Nile in Egypt Length 6 695 km Elevation of the source 1 134 m Average discharge 2 830 m³/s Area watershed 3 400 000 km² Origin Africa Mouth the Mediterranean Basin countries Uganda - Sudan - Egypt The... Events June - Invasion of Persia by Sultan Selim I of the Ottoman Empire. ... Events January 1 - In the Gregorian calendar, January 1 is declared as the first day of the year, instead of March 25. ...

Political Downfall and Last Years

Albuquerque's career had a painful and ignominious close. He had several enemies at the Portuguese court who lost no opportunity of stirring up the jealousy of king Manuel against him, and his own injudicious and arbitrary conduct on several occasions served their end only too well. On his return from Ormuz, at the entrance of the harbour of Goa, he met a vessel from Europe bearing dispatches announcing that he was superseded by his personal enemy Lopo Soares de Albergaria. The blow was too much for him and he died at sea on December 16, 1515.

Before his death he wrote a letter to the king in dignified and affecting terms, vindicating his conduct and claiming for his son the honours and rewards that were justly due to himself. His body was buried at Goa in the Church of our Lady. The king of Portugal was convinced too late of his fidelity, and endeavoured to atone for the ingratitude with which he had treated him by heaping honours upon his natural son Alfonso. The latter published a selection from his father's papers under the title Commentarios do Grande Affonso d'Alboquerque.

The Indians long remembered his benign rule, and used to visit his tomb to pray him to deliver them from the oppression of his successors.

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ...